A good measuring tools is one which can secure valid evidence of desired change of behaviour .
It is not synonymous with paper or pencil tests.
It evaluates one specific performance by rating behaviour as it progresses and to sum up many casual observations over a period of time.
2. Introduction : Qualities Of Good Measuring Tools.
Its Characteristics
Categories & Types along with explanations
Conclusion
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3. A good measuring tools is one which can secure
valid evidence of desired change of behaviour .
It is not synonymous with paper or pencil tests.
It evaluates one specific performance by rating
behaviour as it progresses and to sum up many
casual observations over a period of time.
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4. A good measuring tool requires various characteristics.
They are as follows.
1. A good measuring tool should be objective. Subjectivity cannot be said to be
a characteristic of a good measuring tool.
2. A good measuring tool should be reliable. The result and items of measuring
tool should not deviate easily, so that it can be implied in every relation.
3. It should be valid. If an instrument is reliable , it should also be valid.
4. A good measuring tool should be comprehensive as well as precise.
5. It should also be practicable.
6. It should be easily administered.
7. It should be economical in favour of time, energy and money.
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5. The characteristics of a good measuring
tool can be classified into two categories.
Criterion of good
measuring tools
Practical
Criteria
Technical
Criteria
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6. A. Practical Criteria:
1. Ease of Scoring – Scoring would be easy, if items have been objectively
constructed and the scoring procedure adopted is also objective. Scoring may
be done manually , as well as by machine.
2. Time – The time available for testing is always very short, as tests requiring
longer time are not easily accepted by the examinees.
But , the reliability and validity of a test depends on its length . Shortening tests
ruin the value but not much is gained by lengthening test beyond 100 items.
Hence , this fact should be kept in mind while considering the time factor.
3. Cost : A good tool should be economical not only from money
point of view , but also from the point of time and effort required by the testing
procedure.
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7. 4. Face Validity : It means how worthwhile a test will appear to examinees ,who
takes it and to other layman who will see the results. Face validity refers not to
what the test actually measures , but to what it appears superficially to
measure.
5. Purpose : One must search for a test that fits the decisions to be made . It is
unrealistic to evaluate a test in abstract. The test manual should be approached
with a definite measurement problem in mind.
6. Meaningfulness of Test Scores : A tester may obtain several scores from a test ,
while he may get only one score from another test. The single score is likely to
be much more reliable than the several scores of the other test.
7. Acceptability : A good test must be acceptable to all the persons and in all the
circumstances and situations.
8. Ease of Interpretation : A good tool is one , which could easily be interpreted.
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8. I. Validity :
Validity is the most important quality of a good measuring
tools.
Validity of the indicator – Is it a true measure ? Are we
tapping the concept?
Abstract ideas (construct) but concrete observations.
A test with high validity has items closely linked to the
test’s intended focus. A test with poor validity doesn’t
measure the content & competencies it ought to.
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10. Content Validity – It refers to the connections between the test
items & the subject related task
Construct Validity – It implies using the construct ( concept ,
ideas , notion ) in accordance to the state of the art in the field.
Criterion – Related Validity – Also known as instrumental
validity ; it is used to demonstrate the accuracy of a procedure by
comparing it with another process or method.
Concurrent Validity – It uses statistical method of correlation to
other measures.
Predictive Validity – It considers the question , “ How well does
the test predict examinees’ future status as masters or non-
masters?”
Face validity – It is determined by a review of the items and not
through the use of statistical analysis.
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11. 1. Inappropriateness of test items – Items that measure
knowledge can’t measure skill.
2. Direction – Unclear direction reduce validity.
3. Reading vocabulary and sentence structures – Too
difficult and complicated vocabulary and sentence
structure will not measure what it intend to measure.
4. Length of test – A test should be of sufficient length to
measure ,what it is supposed to measure.
5. Arrangement of items – Test item should be arranged to
difficulty , with the easiest items to the difficult ones.
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12. Reliability is the second important quality of
measuring tools.
It refers to consistency and accuracy of the test results.
It is necessary but not sufficient condition of the test
of goodness of a measure.
A measure could be highly stable & consistent , but
may not be valid.
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14. Equivalency Reliability – It is determined by relating two sets of
test scores to one another to highlights the degree of relationship
or association.
Stability Reliability – ( Sometimes called re-test reliability ). To
determine stability , a measure or test is repeated on the same
subject at a future date. Result are compared and correlated with
the initial test to give a measure of stability.
Internal consistency – It interpret data & predict the value of
scores & the limits of relationship among variables.
Interrater Reliability – It is the extent to which two or more
individuals ( coders and rater) agree.
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15. 1. Length of test – The longer the test , the higher the
reliability.
2. Difficulty of the test – When the test is too easy or too
difficult , it can’t show the differences among individuals ;
thus it is unreliable.
3. Objectivity – Reliability is greater when the test can be
scored objectively.
4. Heterogeneity of the student group – Reliability is higher
when test scores are spread over a range of abilities.
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16. Usability means degree to which the tests are used
without much expenditure of:
- time
- money
& - effort.
It also means “ practicability .”
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17. Administrability - It means that the test can be
administered with ease , clarity & uniformity .
Scorability - It is concerned on scoring of test. A good test
is easy to score.
Interpretability – Test results can be useful if after
evaluation it is interpreted , hence useful for sound
educational decisions.
Proper mechanical make-up – It concerns on how tests are
printed , what font size are used , & are illustration fit the
level of student.
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18. It refers to the degree to which personal judgement is
eliminated in the scoring of the test.
Therefore , objectivity is the test requires that the
personal opinion of the teachers doesn’t affect the
score of an individual student.
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19. Tools ability to accurately measure variability in
responses.
A dichotomous response category , such as “ agree or
disagree ” doesn’t allow the recording of subtle attitude
changes.
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20. Quality of good measuring tools.
Validity :
Does it measure what it is supposed to measure ?
Reliability :
How representative is the measurement ?
Usability:
Is it easy to construct , administer , score & interpret ?
Objectivity:
Do independent scores agree ?
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