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1. •Must + Have + Past ParticipleMust have
•Could + Have + Past Participle
Could have
•May + Have + Past ParticipleMay have
•Might + Have + Past ParticipleMight have
2. •Could + Have + Past Participle
Could
have
Can’t
have
3.
A: Where's Sheila? She said that
she would be here at 10:00, and
now it's after 10:30.
B: Se must've had some kind of
problem. She's usually very
punctual.
Because B knows that Sheila is
normally very punctual, B
concludes that Sheila had some
kind of problem.
MUST HAVE=
To express a deduction
about the past.
MUST HAVE (must’ve)
Must + Have + Past Participle
MUST HAVE=MUST’VE
4.
I'm not sure where I met him. It could have
been at a wedding party or it could’ve been at a
business meeting.
(I don't remember where I met him. Maybe
I met him at a wedding party or maybe I
met him at a business meeting.)
I know Jane was at home, but she didn't
answer the phone. She could have been asleep
or taking a shower.
(I know she was at home, but she didn't
answer the phone. Maybe she was asleep
or taking a shower.)
I don't know why Mark left early from
the party. He could have been bored.
(I don't know why Mark left early.
Maybe he was bored.)
COULD HAVE=
To express possibility in the
past.
COULD HAVE (could’ve)
Could + Have + Past Participle
COULD HAVE=COULD’VE
5. "He may have gone to the cinema"
means "Maybe he went to the
cinema" or "It's possible that he
went to the cinema"
"Ann hasn’t arrived yet. She may have
missed the bus.“
(= It is possible that she missed the
buss.)
A: “Patrick didn’t come to the party last
night.”
B: “He may have felt ill.”
(It is possible that he felt ill so he
didn’t come to the party.)
MAY HAVE=
To express the possibility that
something happened in the past or
that something was true in the past.
MAY HAVE
May + Have + Past Participle
MAY HAVE
6.
A: ‘What was that noise?’
B: ‘It might have been an airplane.’
(It is possible that the noise was
caused by an airplane).
"You were stupid to fight with him. He
might have killed you.“
(It was possible, but luckily it didn’t
happen.)
Meaning 1= to express the
possibility that something
happened in the past.
Meaning 2= to talk about
past events or situations
that were possible but did
not happen.
MAY HAVE
May + Have + Past Participle
MIGHT HAVE
7. •The negative form of could have is could
not have (which is often contracted to
couldn't have). Couldn't have is also
followed by the past participle of the
main verb. It's used to show that
something in the past is impossible.
•You couldn't have seen Jerry yesterday. He's
been out of town since last Tuesday!
•(It's impossible for you to have seen Jerry
yesterday because he wasn't here. He's
been out of town since last Tuesday!)__
•NOTICE: Can’t have can also be used to
express this same meaning.
__________________________________
Couldn’t have
Can’t have
14.
MAKE, HAVE OR GET?
LET
MAKE
HAVE
GET
SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
See the tutorial here and then do the practice there:
http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html
17.
CONVINCED
If you are convinced of something,
you are sure that it is true or
genuine.
The audience was convinced by the
powerful arguments of the lecturer.
CONVINCING
causing someone to believe that
something is true or certain
His reasons for not handing in his
homework were not very convincing.
ADJECTIVES: -ED OR -ING
