Dr. Nanyingi public health economics 2011

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Public Health and Economics of Condemnation: Survey of Lung and Liver diseases of bovines in Khwisero, Kenya Nanyingi O .Mark 1 § , Koballa O. Alfred 1 , Ongili O. Humphrey 1 , Okello M. Christopher 1 , Kipsengeret K. Benard 2 , Kisenge K. Edward 3 , Asaava .Lucas 4 1 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 60 -50135, Khwisero, Kenya 2 Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O Box 20752-00202 Nairobi 3 National Disaster Operation Center, Epidemiology Unit, PO Box 48956-00100 Nairobi 4 Ministry of Livestock and Development, District Veterinary Office, PO BOX 129 Garissa, Kenya §Corresponding author and Presenter : NMO, [email_address] , Tel: +254 721 117 845 KVA WESTERN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE AND CONTINUOS PROFESSIONAL DEVEL0PMENT : 25 th FEBRUARY 2011 GOLDEN INN HOTEL, KAKAMEGA

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Total bovine organ condemnations in Khwisero abattoirs in 2010 2003 (av.5.48), Number (%) of organs condemned Condemned Organs N (1249) Head and Tongues 0(0.00) Hearts 137(10.97) Kidneys 98(7.85) Livers 515(41.23) Lungs 387(30.98) Spleens 112(8.97) Total 1249

Major causes of lung and Liver condemnations in Khwisero abattoirs Disease/condition Number (%) of lungs and Livers condemned Lung N (387) Liver N(515) Disease/condition Disease/condition Abscess 17( 4.39) Abscess 20(3.88) Haemorrhages 126(32.26) Cirrhosis/degeneration 140(27.18) Echinoccocus cysts 10(2.58) Echinoccocus cysts 19(3.69) Pleurisy 64(16.54) Fascioliasis 282(54.76) Pneumonia 70(18.09) Stelesia hepatica 0(0.00) Parasites/worms 12(3.10) Telengiectasis 33(6.41) Congestion 32(8.27) Hepatomegally 7(1.36) Emphysema 56(14.47) Milky spot 10(1.94) Haemorrhages 4(0.74) Total 387 515

ESTIMATED ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSS (ksh) The economic loss has been calculated on the basis of wholesome and intact visceral organs i.e. Lung and liver. The average price of each organ was Ksh.180 and 300 respectively in the year 2010. Annual Loss Ao = (Nps × Pv × Clv) + (Nps × Pu × Clu) ( Yemane, 1990 ) Nps : Total number of Livers , Pv: Prevalence of liver diseases/conditions , Pu: Prevalence of lung diseases/conditions , Clv : Cost of Liver , Clu : Cost of Liver Annual Loss (Ao)= (515 × 0.412 × 300) + (387 × 0.309× 180) = Ksh 85,289 (≈ $ 1200)

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Dr.nanyingi ifvm cc_2012

Spatio temporal 2

The Kenyan rural communities face a myriad of challenges including poverty, food security, scarcity of water, and challenges emerging due to global warming and climate change. Notable direct effects include higher temperatures and drastic changes in rainfall patterns, consequently aberrant transmission models, and increased spread of existing vector-borne diseases, emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. Major challenges for adaptation interventions in Kenya include insufficient local level historic and future climate change information. Given the complexity of livestock and crop-livestock systems, a mix of technological, policy and institutional innovations will inevitably be required. Here we propose approaches that can be used to develop reliable climate databases and to incorporate these data into predictive risk models. We hypothesize that techniques should be further refined to produce detailed relational databases. The proposed climate system models are to provide insights on climate variability and impacts on livestock, they are designated as problem-solving tools that allow users to process and analyse climate data in a multidisciplinary context. They should be ideal for storage, archiving, display, analysis and interpretation of the localised impacts, and the importance of identifying appropriate options that can help livestock keepers adapt to climate change. However we reckon the overarching issues of shrinking government budgets, curriculum suitability and need for collaboration to expand our knowledge of how climate change and increasing climate variability will affect livestock systems and the livelihoods of the people who depend on them.

Dr. Nanyingi Climate Change

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Mais de Nanyingi Mark (10)

Economic analysis of malaria burden in kenya

One health Perspective and Vector Borne Diseases

Ecological Niche Modelling of Potential RVF Vector Mosquito Species and their...

Spatial risk assessment of Rift Valley Fever potential outbreaks using a vect...

Early warning Systems for Vector Borne Climate Sensitive Diseases to Improve...

Perspectives of Predictive Epidemiology and Early Warning Systems for Rift Va...

Dr. Nanyingi_RVF (World Bank_Bellagio) Aug 2012

Dr.nanyingi ifvm cc_2012

Spatio temporal 2

Dr. Nanyingi Climate Change

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