Science 5

1. Major Groups of Animals
Objectives:
-Classify animals into
vertebrates and
invertebrates.
-Identify the characteristics
of vertebrates and
invertebrates.

2. Major Groups of Animals
A. Invertebrate-any animal
lacking a backbone. Invertebrates
are by far the most numerous
animals on Earth.

3. Major Groups of Animals
Invertebrates live in a vast range of
habitats, from forests and deserts to
caves and seabed mud.
- Invertebrates are also found in the
soil and in the air.

4. Major Groups of Animals
Many invertebrates have no hard body
parts at all. These soft-bodied
invertebrates, keep their shape by
maintaining an internal pressure.

5. Major Groups of Animals
To defend against predators, other
invertebrates have evolved
exoskeletons, hard outer coverings
such as the shells found in clams and
mussels and the body cases that
surround adult insects.

6. Major Groups of Animals
Kinds of Invertebrates
1. Porifera – a marine
animals that is full of
pores or holes.

7. Examples of Porifera

8. Major Groups of Animals
2. Coelentera or Cnidarians –
also live
in water, with soft bodies that
enable them to float.
- diverse group of aquatic,
invertebrate animals armed
with microscopic stinging
structures.

9. Major Groups of Animals
Cnidarians lack internal organs and
they do not have digestive, circulatory,
or respiratory systems.
- cnidarians discharge waste matter
through the mouth opening.

10. Examples of Cnidarians

11. Major Groups of Animals
3. Platy Helminthes –
these are animals that
composed of flat worms
with flat bodies.

12. Example of Platy Helminthes

13. Major Groups of Animals
4. Nematode – these are
worm like animal with un
segmented bodies.

14. Major Groups of Animals
Many of them are economically and
medically harmful, living as parasites in
plants and animals, including humans.

15. Example of Nematodes
Horsehair Worm

16. Major Groups of Animals
5. Annelida - these
are animals with
segmented bodies.

17. Examples of Annelida

18. Major Groups of Animals
6. Mollusk are members
of a phylum of soft-
bodied animals with a
hard external shell.

19. Major Groups of Animals
The mollusk phylum is
the second largest in
the animal kingdom,
after the arthropods.

20. Examples of Mollusk

21. Major Groups of Animals
7. Arthropod are
animal with a hard, outer
skeleton and a jointed
body and limbs.

22. Major Groups of Animals
Arthropods have adapte
d to life on land, at sea,
and in the air.

23. Examples of Arthropodes

24. Major Groups of Animals
8. Echinoderma –
these are aquatic
animals that have
spiny skins.

25. Major Groups of Animals
The spines are particularly well
developed in sea urchins. The skeleton,
made up of calcium carbonate, may
form a large proportion of the body, or,
as in some sea cucumbers, it may be
greatly reduced.

26. Examples of Echinoderma

27. Major Groups of Animals
B. Vertebrate are animal
with a backbone, or spinal column,
made of interlocking units called
vertebrae.

28. Major Groups of Animals
This strong but flexible structure
supports the body and anchors the
limbs, and it also protects the nerves of
the spinal cord.
- In all vertebrates, the spinal column
forms part of a complete internal
skeleton.

29. Major Groups of Animals
Most vertebrates have jaws, and their
brains are usually protected by a bony
case called the cranium.

30. Major Groups of Animals
Kinds of vertebrates
1. Fish is a
diverse group of
animals that live
and breathe in
water.

31. Major Groups of Animals
Fishes are generally streamlined with a
pointed snout and pointed posterior and
a broad propulsive tail.

32. Examples of Fishes

33. Major Groups of Animals
2. Amphibian
are animal
with moist, hairless skin
through which water can
pass in and out.

34. Major Groups of Animals
Amphibians were the first animals with
backbones to adapt to life on land. They
are the ancestors of reptiles, which in
turn gave rise to mammals and birds.

35. Examples of Amphibians

36. Major Groups of Animals
3. Reptile are
animal with
tough, dry skin covered
with horny scales.

37. Major Groups of Animals
Reptiles are vertebrates—animals that
have a backbone.
- they have lungs as the main organ of
respiration.

38. Examples of Reptiles

39. Major Groups of Animals
4. Bird are
animal with feathers
and wings.

40. Major Groups of Animals
Birds are members of a group of
animals called vertebrates, which
possess a spinal column or backbone.

41. Major Groups of Animals
Birds have four-chambered hearts and
are warm-blooded—having a relatively
constant body temperature that enables
them to live in a wide variety of
environments.

42. Examples of Birds

43. Examples of Birds

44. Major Groups of Animals
5. Mammal are
animal that raises its
young on milk.

45. Major Groups of Animals
Most mammals are covered with hair or
fur, and most have specialized teeth
that help them to cut or chew their food.

46. Major Groups of Animals
Mammals include some of the most
familiar members of the animal
kingdom, such as cats, dogs,
elephants, and whales, and also human
beings—a species that now dominates
life on earth.

47. Examples of Mammals

48. Examples of Mammals

49. References:
The world of Science 5
Into the Future; Science and Health 5
BEC Handbook in Science 5
Encarta 2009