This is a basic presentation about the Capacotors with iths basic knowledge about some equations also. It is a little longer but you will get the general information about the capacitors. It is well divided into 4 portions.

1. CAPACITORS
BY
ABDUL HANNAN MIRZA(L1F20BSPH0016)
Muhammad UZAIR(L1F20BSPH0018)
MUQADDAS Tahir (L1F20BSPH0033)
Muhammad AHMAD(L1F20BSPH0040)

2. INTRODUCTION
Capacitor:
A capacitor is a device that stores electric charge in an electric field. It is a
passive electronic component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as
capacitance
Formula:
The governing equation for capacitor design is:
C =
ε𝑨
𝒅
In this equation,
C is capacitance; ε is permittivity, a term for how well dielectric material stores
an electric field; A is the parallel plate area; and d is the distance between the two
conductive plates.

3. Capacitance:
Definition:
The capacitor have the ability to store charge is called capacitance
(OR)
Capacitance is the ratio of the amount of electric charge stored on a conductor to a difference in electric
potential.
Formula:
Capacitance =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
Unit of capacitance :
The SI derived unit of electric capacitance is the farad, which is defined as a volt second per
square meter.

4. Types:
There are twp types of capacitance :
1. Self capacitance 2. Mutual capacitance

5. Self capacitance
Self capacitance is the coupling of one plate of a capacitor to virtual ground. Just as
with mutual capacitance, the self capacitance of the plate changes when a finger is
near the plate.

6. Mutual capacitance
Mutual capacitance is a capacitive sensing method where changes in
the capacitance between two electrodes are measured. A user's touch disrupts the field
between the two electrodes, reducing the coupling between them and
removing mutual capacitance.

7. How to calculate mutual capacitance :
• The ratio of Q2/V1 = C21
𝑸𝟐
𝒗𝟏
= 𝑪𝟐𝟏
is called a mutual capacitance.
• Since the field lines always terminate on charges of opposite polarity this ratio is
always negative. Mutual capacitance is often called a leakage or
parasitic capacitance.

8. Mechanism
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical
component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. ... Unlike a
resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the
form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

9. CAPACITANCE
FACTORS AFFECTING CAPACITANCE
Muhammad Uzair
(L1F20BSPH0018)

10. WHAT DOES CAPACITANCE DEPEND
ON?
•The capcitance of any capacitor depends on
many factors such as:
Materia
l of
plates
Area of
plates
facing
each
other
Distanc
e
betwee
n
plates
Mediu
m
betwee
n
plates
Tempratu
re

11. EFFECT OF MATERIAL:
• Since the charge is supposed to be deposited on the plates, the
material they are made of has an effect on its capcitance.
• The material that can store greater charge has higher
capacitance.
Carbon-
nanotubes
Silver

12. EFFECT OF AREA OF PLATES:
• The interaction between the charges stored on the plates
affects the amount of charge it can hold.
• This interaction depends on the area of plates facing each
other, larger area means more interaction, thus greater
capacitance.
Smaller Area means Less
Capacitance
Larger Area means More
Capacitance

13. EFFECT OF DISTANCE BETWEEN PLATES:
• The interaction between the charges is also affected by the
distance between the plates.
• The closer they are, the stronger the interaction, hence greater
capacitance and vice versa.
Lesser Distance means More
Capacitance
Greater Distance means Less
Capacitance

14. EFFECT OF MEDIUM:
• The medium between the plates plays a key role in capacitance,
since it is what causes the charges to accumulate on the plates
instead of flowing.
• The better the medium is at preventing the charges from
flowing the higher the capacitance.
• A specific medium known as a dielctric increases the
capacitance of a capacitor by lowering its voltage for the same
amount of charge stored.

15. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE:
• Temperature does not affect capacitance as itself,
however it affects the factors it depends on.
• Temperature causes the plates to expand or contract,
changing their area and sometimes the distance
between them.
• It also affects the properties of the material of plates
and the medium between them, thus altering the
capacitance.

16. MATHEMATICAL RELATION:
For a capacitor with area of plates facing each other A,
and a distance of d between them, it’s capacitance is
given by the formula:
C =
k  εo  A
𝑑
Where k is the dielectric constant

17. Series & Parallel Capacitors
MUQADASS TAHIR (L1F20BSPH0033)

18. Capacitor:
Definition
 A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or
more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator(called
dielectric).

19. Capacitance:
 The effect of capacitor is known as capacitance.
 It is the ability of an object to store an electrical charge.
Capacitance Units:
 The unit of capacitance is farad which is abbreviated as F.
 It would be pico farad, nano farad, mili farad, kilo farad….

20. SERIES AND PARALLEL
COMBINATIONS:
Series Combination:
Components in a circuit arranged in a row after the other in a circuit.
Capacitance in series reduces the total amount of capacitance.
When several capacitors are connected in series, the reciprocals of the
equivalent capacitance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual
capacitance.
All the capacitors would have the same charge.

21. The total charge supplied by the battery is divided among the
capacitors will be:
Q=Q1=Q2=Q3
OR
The voltage has been divided among various capacitors will:
V=V1+V2+V3
The equivalent capacitance will be:
1/Ceq=1/C1+1/C2+1/C3
In case of n capacitors connected in series we have,
1/Ce=1/C1+1/C2+/C𝑛….

22. Parallel Combination:
 Capacitors are connected together in parallel when both of its
terminals are connected to each terminal of another capacitor.
The voltage connected across all the capacitors that are
connected are same.
 Components in a circuit arranged with one side of each
component connected to one side of the circuit and the other
component with the other side.

23.  When several capacitors are connected in parallel combination,
the equivalent capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances.
Each capacitor connected to a battery of voltage V will be,
V1=V2=V3=V
The total charge Q supplied by the battery is divided among various capacitors will be,
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3
Or
Q=C1V+C2V+C3V
Thus we can replace the parallel combination of capacitors with one equivalent capacitance
such as:
Ceq=C1+C2+C3

24. Applications of
Capacitor
Muhammad Ahmad(L1F20BSPH0040)
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

25. 5 Essential Capacitor
Applications In Modern
Tech Equipment
• Energy Storage
• Power Conditioning
• Signal Decoupling
• Electronic Noise Filtering
• Remote Sensing

26. Energy Storage
• One of the most popular applications of
capacitors is through energy storage.

27. Power Conditioning
• Power conditioning is a major application of
reliable capacitor equipment.

28. Signal Decoupling
• Decoupling prevents undesired grouping
throughout your subsystems.

29. Electronic Noise
Filtering
• Capacitors are generally utilized to block
certain frequencies emitted and reduce
overall frequency interference.

30. Remote Sensing
• A number of modern applications use
capacitive sensing technology to detect,
analyze, and measure proximity.