The document discusses definitions and theories of curriculum from various sources. It provides definitions of curriculum as a planned set of learning experiences and activities, intended outcomes, content or subject matter. It also discusses curriculum as reflecting trends in education and institutions. The document outlines sociological, psychological and philosophical foundations that inform curriculum development. These include factors like values of society, student characteristics, learning theories, and teaching methods.

1. CURRICULUM
Unit 1
1

2. Plays a vital role in
attaining the aims and
objectives of education .
It reflects the curricular
and co-curricular trends
in our institutions.
2

3. The word “curriculum” is derived
from the Latin word currere,
which means “to run”. Hence
curriculum implies a run way, “a
course, which a person runs to
reach a goal.
3

4. OXFORD DICTIONARY:
“A COMMON PROGRAMME OF
STUDY OF SCHOOLS THAT IS
DESIGNED TO ENSURE
UNIFORMITY OF CONTENT AND
STANDARDS IN EDUCATION”.
4

5. 1.Curriculum as a program of planned
learning activities
2.Curriculum as intended learning outcomes
3.Curriculum as content or subject matter.
4.Curriculum as cultural reproduction
5.Curriculum as cultural preservation
6.Curriculum as experience
7.Curriculum as an agenda for social
reconstruction.
5

6. “ALL THE LEARNING WHICH IS
PLANNED AND GUIDED BY THE
SCHOOL, WHETHER IT IS CARRIED ON
I THE GROUP OR
INDIVIDUALLY,INSIDE THE SCHOOL
OR OUTSIDE IT”
(KERR,PP.16,18)
6

7.  Alberty A, and Alberty E. (1959)
“ as the sum total of student activities
which the school sponsors for the purpose
of achieving its objectives”
 H.Robert Beck and W. Walter Cook,
 “ Curriculum is the sum of the educational
experiences that children have in schools”.
7

8.  Blond’s Encyclopedia (1969) of Education
defines
“Curriculum as all the experiences a pupil has
under the guidance of the school.
 F. Bobbit in “The Curriculum” (1918)
Curriculum is that series of things which children
and youth must do an experience by way of
developing abilities to do things well that make
up the affairs of adult life and to be in all
respects what adults should do.
8

9. “ Curriculum can refer to the total ideas
and activities, developed by an
educational institution to meet the needs
of students and to achieve desired
educational aims.”
(A Dictionary of Education 1981 )
9

10. 10
objectives
knowledge
Learning
experiences
Evaluation

11. 1. Total School Environment
2. Totality of Experiences
3. Mirror of Curricular and Co-Curricular Trends
4. Mirror of Education Trends
5. Development of Balanced Personality
6. Process of Living
7. Dynamic
8. Mirror of Philosophy
9. Achievement of Goals
11

12. 1.Achievement of Educational Aims
2.Fixing Limits
3.Development of Democratic Values
4.Development of Citizenship
5.Development of Character
6.Satisfaction of Needs
7.Criteria of Suitable Teachers
12

13. 8. Selection of Suitable Teachers
9. Acquisition of Knowledge
10. Development of Personality
11. Reflects Trends in Education
12. Providing Suitable Knowledge
13. Providing Suitable Activities and
Experiences
14. Discoveries and Inventions
13

14. THEORATICAL ASPECTS OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
1.Sociological Foundations
2.Psychological Foundations
3.Philosophical Foundations
4.Historical Foundation
5. Economic Considerations
14

15. Latin word “socius” a people, tribe, or
city allied to Rome. “logos” Greek
word mean “study”
sociology as defined in dictionaries is
“the science or study of society”.
Definitions:
sociology is the study of social
relationship, social institutional and
society.”
15

16. “Sociology is the study of
social life and social causes
and consequences of human
behavior”
16

17.  Core values of society
 Changing values of the people
 Demands of modernization
 Criterion of a good family life
 New forms of corporation
 Media explosion
17

18.  Population Explosion
 Regional and National Unbalances
 Economic Efficiency
 Education for Fellowship and Leadership
 Creative and Purposeful Activities
 Curriculum for Modernizing the Society
 Pedagogical Thinking
 Adopting New Methods of Teaching
 Restructuring Contents
18

19.  Core Value of the Society
 Changing Values of the People
 Criterion of a Good Family Life
 New Form of Cooperation
 Media Explosion
19

20.  SELECTION OF OBJECTIVE
 CONTENT
 METHODS
 EVALUATION PROCEDURE
 INFLUENCE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPER
20

21. MEANING:
The word psychology is derived from two Greek
word “psyche” means soul and “logos” means
study.
Educational psychology:
“Psychology is the scientific study of human
behavior and mind in educational situation”.
21

22. Describing
Explaining
Predicting
Human
behavior

23. A. Insight into the child’s development and
B. Learning and provides various techniques of
inquiries.
23

24. 1. Educational objectives
2. Students characteristics
3. Learning process
4. Teaching methods
5. Evaluation procedures
6. Human growth and development
24

25.  Appropriate goals and objectives
 Suitable for various Developmental level
 Attainable
2.Student/learners
Characteristics:
 Individual differences
 Responses of different personality

26.  How people learn?
 Learning and learning theories
4. Teaching Methods:
 Learning theories
 Individual differences among learners
 Motivational strategies
 Personality
 Cognitive and affective development
 Teaching style
 Group dynamics
 Teaching methodology
 Learning style
Psychological
Factors

27.  To Measure the Degree of
 student learning
Students attitude to wards learning/teaching
Teachers effectiveness
 Appropriate instruments to measure student’s
performance .