TRANSAMINATION AND DEAMINATION

2. TRANSAMINATION
• TRANSFER OF AN AMINO(-NH2) GROUP FROM AN
AMINO ACID TO A KETO ACID
DEAMINATION
• THE REMOVAL OF AMINO GROUP FROM AMINO ACID
AS NH3

3. AMINE
• IT IS THE COMPOUNDS AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
THAT CONTAIN BASIC NITROGEN GROUP WITH A
LONE PAIR
EXAMPLE: NH2,NH3…,

4. NITROGEN
• SYMBOL : N
• ATOMIC NUMBER : 7
• DISCOVERED AND
ISOLATED :DANIEL RUTERFORD
• OTHER NAME :AZOTE
• NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
KNOWN AS :HYDRAZINE,AZIDE,AMINE
• CHARACTER :COLOURLESS
ROLE:
IT OCCURS IN ALL ORGANISMS PRIMARILY IN
AMINO ACIDS,IT IS THE BASIC CONSITUENTS OF DNA
AND RNA,IT OCCURS IN ENERGY TRANSFER
MOLECULES LIKE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE.
HUMAN BODY IS MADE UP OF 3% NITROGEN

5. TRANSAMINATION
The transfer of an amino group from an amino
acid to a keto acid is known as transamination.
This process involves the interconversion of amino
acids and a pair of keto acids, catalysed by a
group of enzymes called transaminase
It is a reversible reaction
Transamination takes place in cytoplasam of all
the cells
Most aminoacids (not lys, Thr, Pro, His, Trp, Arg,
Met)

7. ROLE OF
TRANSAMINATION
• THE AMINO GROUP OF AMINO ACID IS UTILIZED
FOR THE FORMATION OF UREA WHICH IS AN
EXCRETORY END PRODUCT OF PROTEINS
• THE CARBON SKELETON OF AMINO ACID IS
CONVERTED INTO KETO ACIDS.
• THESE KETO ACIDS UNDERGO FOLLOWING
FUNCTIONS
UTILIZED TO GENERATE
USED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINES
DIVERTED FOR THE FORMATION OF FAT OR
KETO BODIES
INVOLVED FOR THE FORMATION OF
UNWANTED AMINO ACIDS

8. DEAMINATION
• DEAMINATION IS THE REMOVAL OF AN AMINE GROUP
FROM A MOLECULE.
• ENZYMES WHICH CATALYSE THIS REACTION ARE
CALLED DEAMINASES
• IN THE HUMAN BODY, DEAMINATION TAKE PLACE IN
LIVER, HOWEVER GLUTAMATE IS ALSO DEAMINATED
IN THE KIDNEYS
• IT IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH AMINO ACIDS ARE
BROKEN DOWN IF THERE IS AN EXCESS OF
PROTEIN INTAKE
• THE AMINO GROUP IS REMOVED FROM THE AMINO
ACID AND CONVERTED TO AMMONIAElimination of amino group with
ammonia formation

9. TYPES OF DEAMINATION
• THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF
DEAMINATION
OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION
REDUCTION DEAMINATION
HYDROLYTIC DEAMINATION
INTRAMOLECULAR
DEAMINATION

10. OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION
• AN AMINO ACID IS CONVERTED INTO
THE CORRESPONDING KETO ACID BY
REMOVAL OF THE AMINE FUNCTIONAL
GROUP AS AMMONIA
• IT OCCURS PRIMARILY OCCUR ON
HIGHER ANIMALS
• IT OCCURS MOSTLY ON GLUTAMIC
ACID
• GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE IS THE
ENZYME USED

13. ROLE OF DEAMINATION
• IT PROVIDE AMMONIA FOR UREA
SYNTHESIS
• DEAMINATION IS THE PROCESS OF
BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS FOR
ENERGY
• IT PLAYS MAJOR ROLE IN THE
FORMATION OF GLUCOSE
• IT HELPS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
KETONE BODIES
• IT ALSO PRODUCE ACETYL CoA