1. Evolution of Life

2. CHARLES DARWIN
 1809 – 1882
 born in Shrewsbury in Western England
 naturalist when he was 16 years old
 enrolled at Cambridge University to
become clergy man
 Reverend John Henslew
 Captain Robert FitzRoy preparing the
survey ship HMS Beagle for a voyage
around the world.

3. CHARLES DARWIN
 22 years old collected South American
plants and animals
 Lyell’s Principle’s of Geology (rocks
containing the fossils must have been
raised there by a long series of similar
earthquakes
 collected birds in the Galapagos
 He hypothesized that the Galapagos
had been colonized by organisms that
had strayed from South America

4. DARWIN INTRODUCES A
REVOLUTIONARY THEORY
 November 24, 1859 Charles Darwin
published On the Origin of Species by
means of Natural Selection
 it is focused in biologists’ attention on
the great diversity of organisms

5. TWO MAJOR POINTS OF
DARWIN
1. evidence that many species of
organisms presently inhabiting Earth
are descendants of ancestral species
that were different from the modern
species.
2. He proposed a mechanism for this
evolutionary process, which he
termed natural selection.

7. EVOLUTION
 A change over time in the genetic
composition of a population
 gradual appearance of all biological
diversity, from the earliest microbes to
the enormous variety organisms alive
today.
 Evolutionary adaptation an
accumulation of inherited
characteristics that enhance
organisms’ ability to survive and
reproduce in a specific environment

13. NATURAL SELECTION AND
ADAPTATION
 struggle for existence and the
capacity of organism to
‘overreproduce
 unequal ability of individuals to survive
and reproduce
 can increase the adaptation of
organisms to their environment

14. NATURAL SELECTION AND
ADAPTATION
 Artificial Selection humans have
modified other species over many
generations by selecting and breeding
individuals that possess desired traits

18. THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG-
RESISTANT HIV
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 its connection to natural selection is
that it is more on the process of editing
than a creative mechanism
 A drug does not create resistant
pathogens, it selects for resistant
individuals that were already present in
the population

19. THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG-
RESISTANT HIV
 Natural Selection depends on time and
place
 it favors those characteristics in a
genetically variable population that
increase fitness in the current, local
environment
 what is adaptive in one situation may
be useless or harmful to others

20. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
 Comparison of body structures
between species
 represent variations on a structural
theme that was present in their
common ancestor