Data structure comes with a number of algorithms. It works with different types of data and structures and organizes data to fulfill a specific purpose. It deals with algorithms, Algorithm design, Algorithm analysis, Graph algorithms, Equivalence relations, Hash functions, hash tables, Theory of computation, linked lists, stacks, queues, searching and sorting techniques, graph data structure, trees, recursion of algorithms. It is technical way of storing data by using some specific techniques in order to use data efficiently.

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3.  Data Structure is a way of collecting and
organising data in such a way that we can
perform operations on these data in an effective
way.
 Data Structures is about rendering data
elements in terms of some relationship, for
better organization and storage.
 These are used to store ordered data, so that various operations can be
performed on it easily.
 It represents the knowledge of data to
be organized in memory.
 It should be designed and implemented in such a way
that it reduces the complexity and increases the efficiency.

5.  Correctness − Data structure implementation
should implement its interface correctly.
 Time Complexity − Running time or the execution
time of operations of data structure must be as
small as possible.
 Space Complexity − Memory usage of a data
structure operation should be as little as possible.

6.  Data Search − Consider an inventory of 1
million(106) items of a store. If the application is to
search an item, it has to search an item in 1
million(106) items every time slowing down the search.
As data grows, search will become slower.
 Processor speed − Processor speed although being
very high, falls limited if the data grows to billion
records.
 Multiple requests − As thousands of users can search
data simultaneously on a web server, even the fast server
fails while searching the data.

7. Data Definition defines a particular data with the following
characteristics:
 Atomic − Definition should define a single concept.
 Traceable − Definition should be able to be mapped to
some data element.
 Accurate − Definition should be unambiguous.
 Clear and Concise − Definition should be understandable.
Data Object:
Data Object represents an object having a data.

9. Those data types for which a language has built
in support are known as Built-in Data types.
The following are built-in data types:
 Integers
 Boolean (true, false)
 Floating (Decimal numbers)
 Character and Strings

10. Those data types which are implementation
independent as they can be implemented in one or the
other way are known as derived data types. These data
types are normally built by the combination of primary
or built-in data types and associated operations on
them.
The following are the Derived Data Types:
 List
 Array
 Stack
 Queue

11. Traversing
Searching
Insertion
Deletion
Sorting
Merging

12. Array is a container which can hold a fix number
of items and these items should be of the same
type.
Array Representation:
Arrays can be declared in various ways in different languages. The
important points to be considered are:
 Index starts with 0.
 Array length is 10 which means it can store 10 elements.
 Each element can be accessed via its index. For example, we can fetch
an element at index 6 as 9.
For example:

14.  A linked list is a sequence of data structures, which are
connected together via links.
 Linked List is a sequence of links which contains items.
Each link contains a connection to another link.
Following are the important terms to understand the concept
of Linked List:
 Link − Each link of a linked list can store a data called an
element.
 Next − Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next
link called Next.
 LinkedList − A Linked List contains the connection link to
the first link called First.

16.  A stack is an Abstract Data Type (ADT), commonly used in most
programming languages.
 A real-world stack allows operations at one end only.
 LIFO stands for Last-in-first-out. Here, the element which is placed
last, is accessed first.
 In stack terminology, insertion operation is called PUSH operation and
removal operation is called POP operation.
 A stack can be implemented by means of Array, Structure, Pointer,
and Linked List.
Basic Operations:
 Push()
 POP()
 isFull()
 isEmpty()

18.  Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to
Stacks.
 Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends.
 One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the
other is used to remove data (dequeue).
 Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology.
Basic Operations:
enqueue()
dequeue()
peek()
isfull()
isempty()

19.  A graph is a pictorial representation of a set of objects
where some pairs of objects are connected by links.
 The interconnected objects are represented by points
termed as vertices, and the links that connect the vertices
are called edges.
Graph Structure includes:
 Vertex
 Edge
 Adjacency
 Path

21.  Tree represents the nodes connected by edges.
 Binary Tree is a special datastructure used for
data storage purposes.
 A binary tree has a special condition that each
node can have a maximum of two children.
 A binary tree has the benefits of both an ordered
array and a linked list as search is as quick as in a
sorted array and insertion or deletion operation
are as fast as in linked list.

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