Neo analytic and ego aspects of personality Identity

NEO-ANALYTIC AND EGO
ASPECTS OF
PERSONALITY:IDENTITY
BY ZILL E HUMA IKRAM

ALFRED ADLER, THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX,
AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIETY
• Born in Vienna in February 1870.
• During his fifth year he contract such a
severe case of pneumonia.
• He determined to become a physician in
order to learn to defeat death.
• Adler studied medicine at the university of
Vienna (although Freud lectured at the
university while Adler was there, the two did
not meet then).
• He was married two years latter to Raisa
Epstein; two of their four children latter went
on to become psychologist.

Alfred Adler
 Individual Psychology: The main motives of human thought and
behavior are individual man's striving for superiority and power,
partly in compensation for his feeling of inferiority.
 Emphasizes the importance of social conditions on personality
 Three fundamental social issues:
◦ Occupational tasks
◦ Societal tasks
◦ Love tasks
 Expansion of Freud’s approach to increase emphasis on society and
social relations

Alfred Adler
Striving force as Compensation.
People strive for superiority or success as means of
compensation for feelings of inferiority or weakness. Adler
believed that humans are “blessed” at birth with small, weak,
and inferior bodies
• Striving for superiority
◦ The central core of personality
◦ Inferiority complex
◦ Superiority complex (compensating for sense of inferiority)
 Organ inferiority—everyone is born with some physical
weakness
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Alfred Adler
• Aggression drive
• the drive to lash out against the
inability to achieve something
• A reaction to perceived
helplessness
• Masculine protest
• the individual’s attempt to be
competent and independent (both
boys and girls)

Alfred Adler
• Superiority striving
• Striving to obtain power and superiority over one’s
own inferiority
• Perfection striving
• Striving to meet fictional goals
• Fictional goals reflect an individual's view of
perfection

Alfred Adler
• Birth order and family dynamics
• First-born children
• Second-born children
• Last-born children
• Current findings
• Frank Sulloway
• First born: success and achievement
• Later born: revolutionary and
creative

Alfred Adler
• Personality Typology
Adler's type Social
Interest
Activity Greek
Humor
Ruling-Dominant Low High Yellow bile
Getting-Leaning Low Low Phlegm
Avoiding Very low Low Black bile
Socially Useful High High Blood

Some Modern to Identity Jonathan Cheek Approaches
◦ Personal versus social self:
◦ Jonathan posits that some people might best be defined by the personal view and others by
the social view.
◦ For some individual the most important part of “self "might be who they are in relation to
others.: “I am a good father” or “I am popular and have a lot of friends.
◦ For other individuals, however, the social roles may be less important.:” I am some one who
believes in making a kinder world” or “I am very creative”.
◦ Communal/collective identity and relational identity
 Self-monitoring (Mark Snyder):
 Self-monitoring is a concept introduced during the 1970s by Mark Snyder, that shows how
much people monitor their self-presentations, expressive behavior, and nonverbal affective
displays.
 People concerned with their expressive self-presentation (see impression management) tend to
closely monitor their audience in order to ensure appropriate or desired public appearances.
Self-monitors try to understand how individuals and groups will perceive their actions.
Some personality types commonly act spontaneously (low self-monitors) and others are more
apt to purposely control and consciously adjust their behavior (high self-monitors).

• Personal projects, personal strivings, life tasks
• Possible selves
• The search for a meaningful life (not empty self-esteem)

Timeline:
Neo-Analytic and Ego Approach
Developments in Neo-
Analytic and Ego Aspects
Societal and Scientific
Context
People were thought to
derive their identity mostly
from their position in life
(woman, lord, minister)
before
1800
Humans are seen
primarily in religious or
philosophical terms;
children often not
differentiated from adults
Scholars in Europe
gathered around Freud
begin considering
expansion of his ideas
beyond libido
1880s-
1900
Increasing attention to
evolution and
reproduction

Timeline:
Context
Neo-analysts begin break
with Freud; Jung proposes
collective unconscious
1910-
1930
Increasing technology
and industrialization;
anthropological
discoveries
Adler and Horney shift
focus to the child's social
world; object relations
theories develop
1910s-
1940s
Victorian era with
patriarchal families gives
way to women's
suffragist movements;
child psychiatry develops

Timeline:
Context
Erikson and others shift
identity study to consider
the full life-span
1940s-
1960s
People live longer lives;
traditional sex roles and
work roles break down
Modern theorists focus
directly on identity, in
terms, life tasks, self-
monitoring, self-
presentation, and
attachments
1960s-
1980s
Increasing individual
freedom and pursuit of
goals; less formal social
structure and increased
mobility and education

Timeline:
Context
Goals and motivations
attract new interest
1990s-
2000s
Schools, corporations,
sports teams look to
increase performance

• Analogy
• Humans are conscious actors and strivers

 Advantages
◦ Importance of the goal-oriented nature of humans
◦ Acknowledges impact of society and culture
◦ Development continues throughout the life cycle
◦ Emphasizes the self as it struggles to cope with
emotions on the inside and the demands of the
world on the outside

• Limits
• Unconcerned with biology and fixed personality structures
• A hodgepodge of different ideas from different traditions
• Relies on abstract or vague concepts

• View of free will
• Though personality is largely determined by unconscious forces, individuals
do have the ability to overcome these

• Common assessment techniques
• Varies from free association to situational and autobiographical study, with an
emphasis on self-concept

• Implications for therapy
• As with psychoanalytic therapy, insight into inner
motives is key
• But because the ego is central, there is less concern
with unconscious motivation

Neo analytic and ego aspects of personality Identity

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