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Can cant
1.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Can / Can’tCan / Can’t CanCan is used to talk aboutis used to talk about ability and possibility, to askability and possibility, to ask for and give permission, andfor and give permission, and to make requests and offers.to make requests and offers.
2.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 CanCan is a modal auxiliary verb. It is followed by anis a modal auxiliary verb. It is followed by an infinitive without to.infinitive without to. There is noThere is no –s–s in the third person singular.in the third person singular. I can swim. (=knowI can swim. (=know how to)how to) She can sing. (NOTShe can sing. (NOT She cans …)She cans …) HeHe can runcan run a mile ina mile in four minutes. (four minutes. (NOTNOT He can to run…)He can to run…) SheShe can playcan play tennistennis very well. (very well. (NOTNOT SheShe can to play tennis…)can to play tennis…) Questions and negativesQuestions and negatives are made withoutare made without do:do: CanCan you speakyou speak French? (French? (NOTNOT Do youDo you can speak French?)can speak French?) II can'tcan't swim. (swim. (NOTNOT II don't can swim.)don't can swim.) YouYou cannotcannot fool him.fool him. ((NOTNOT You don't canYou don't can fool him.)fool him.)
3.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 Pronunciation notesPronunciation notes There are two main pronunciation problemsThere are two main pronunciation problems related torelated to can/can’tcan/can’t CanCan is usually unstressed /kis usually unstressed /kn/ in + sentencesn/ in + sentences likelike I can singI can sing.. The negativeThe negative can’tcan’t is always stressed. Notis always stressed. Not stressing it can cause a communication problemstressing it can cause a communication problem (the listener may understand(the listener may understand cancan NOTNOT can’tcan’t). The). The pronunciation of this word varies among differentpronunciation of this word varies among different groups of native English speakers, from /kgroups of native English speakers, from /knt/ tont/ to /k/knt/, The important thing is that we stress itnt/, The important thing is that we stress it quite strongly.quite strongly. Examples:Examples: You can tell them. / You can’t tellYou can tell them. / You can’t tell them.them. We only stressWe only stress cancan in short answers:in short answers: YesYes, I, I cancan..
4.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 To talk about theoreticalTo talk about theoretical possibilitypossibility We can useWe can use cancan to talk aboutto talk about ‘theoretical’ possibility – to‘theoretical’ possibility – to say that situations and eventssay that situations and events are possible theoretically.are possible theoretically. GlassGlass can becan be blown. (It isblown. (It is theoretically possible to blowtheoretically possible to blow glass.)glass.) WarsWars can break outcan break out anyany time. (It is theoreticallytime. (It is theoretically possible for wars to break outpossible for wars to break out any time.)any time.) SmokingSmoking can causecan cause cancer.cancer. NoiseNoise can becan be quite a problemquite a problem when you are living in a city.when you are living in a city. Note that we do not useNote that we do not use cancan to talkto talk about future probability – to sayabout future probability – to say that something will happen inthat something will happen in future. We express this idea withfuture. We express this idea with maymay oror might.might. It may rain this evening.It may rain this evening. (NOT It(NOT It can rain …)can rain …) There may be a strike next week.There may be a strike next week. (NOT There can be a strike …)(NOT There can be a strike …) I may get a job soon.I may get a job soon. Note thatNote that mightmight expresses a lessexpresses a less definite possibility thandefinite possibility than maymay.. CouldCould is also used in the sameis also used in the same sense.sense. It could rain this evening. (= ItIt could rain this evening. (= It might rain this evening.)might rain this evening.)
5.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 To talk about logical possibilityTo talk about logical possibility CanCan is often used in questions andis often used in questions and negatives to talk about the logicalnegatives to talk about the logical possibility that something is true.possibility that something is true. Example:Example: There is the doorbell. Who can itThere is the doorbell. Who can it be?be? With this meaningWith this meaning cancan is not possible inis not possible in affirmative clauses. Instead, we useaffirmative clauses. Instead, we use could, maycould, may oror might.might. Example:Example: Where is John? HeWhere is John? He could/may/might be in the garden.could/may/might be in the garden. (NOT(NOT He can be in the garden.)He can be in the garden.)
6.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 To talk about abilityTo talk about ability We can useWe can use cancan to talk aboutto talk about present or general ability – topresent or general ability – to say that we are capable ofsay that we are capable of doing something.doing something. II can speakcan speak 10 languages.10 languages. SheShe can cookcan cook well.well. Can you knit?Can you knit? I can drive a bus.I can drive a bus. Note thatNote that be able tobe able to can oftencan often be used with similarbe used with similar meanings.meanings. He is able to support her.He is able to support her. (= He can support her.)(= He can support her.) They were able to catch theThey were able to catch the thief. (= They could catch thethief. (= They could catch the thief.)thief.) CannotCannot (also can’t) shows(also can’t) shows inability.inability. II can speakcan speak French, but IFrench, but I cannot writecannot write it.it. Most peopleMost people cannot readcannot read traffic signals.traffic signals. II can'tcan't drive.drive. We do not useWe do not use cancan to talkto talk about future ability. Instead,about future ability. Instead, we usewe use will be able towill be able to oror other words.other words. Someday scientistsSomeday scientists will bewill be able toable to find a cure for cancer.find a cure for cancer. ((NOTNOT Someday scientists willSomeday scientists will can find a cure for cancer.)can find a cure for cancer.)
7.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 To ask for or give permissionTo ask for or give permission CanCan is sometimes used tois sometimes used to ask for and giveask for and give permission. Some people,permission. Some people, however, think thathowever, think that maymay isis more correct thanmore correct than can.can. CanCan I use your car, John?I use your car, John? CanCan we park over there?we park over there? You canYou can go out and playgo out and play after you have finishedafter you have finished your homework.your homework. YouYou cancan park on eitherpark on either side of the road here.side of the road here. CanCan I go to the movies,I go to the movies, mom?mom? Note that we can also useNote that we can also use couldcould to ask for permission. It is ato ask for permission. It is a more polite form ofmore polite form of can.can. CouldCould I speak to Mr. John,I speak to Mr. John, please?please? CouldCould I have look at yourI have look at your newspaper?newspaper? CannotCannot is used to refuseis used to refuse permission.permission. Can I go to the movies, mom?Can I go to the movies, mom? No, you can’t.No, you can’t.
8.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 To make requests and offersTo make requests and offers CanCan is used in polite requests and offers ofis used in polite requests and offers of help.help. CanCan you turn that music down? I am tryingyou turn that music down? I am trying to work.to work. CanCan you get me a cup of coffee?you get me a cup of coffee? CanCan I help you with those bags?I help you with those bags? Note thatNote that CouldCould is a more polite way ofis a more polite way of making requests and offers.making requests and offers. CouldCould you help me with my homework?you help me with my homework? CouldCould you lend me some money?you lend me some money?
9.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 ExercisesExercises Complete with a suitableComplete with a suitable word:word: 11 I ______ go out tonight.I ______ go out tonight. I'm busy.I'm busy. 22 Can you ______ to theCan you ______ to the cinema tonight?cinema tonight? 33 You ______ park here. It'sYou ______ park here. It's no parking.no parking. 44 ______ you tell me the______ you tell me the time, please?time, please? 55 She can ______ EnglishShe can ______ English well.well. 66 I ______ play football, butI ______ play football, but not basketballnot basketball Complete the sentencesComplete the sentences withwith cancan oror can'tcan't.. 11 ______ I park my car______ I park my car here?here? 22 Where? I ______ seeWhere? I ______ see him.him. 33 ______ you help me______ you help me with my homework?with my homework? 44 You ______ smokeYou ______ smoke there, but not here.there, but not here. 55 Sorry. I ______Sorry. I ______ remember the answer.remember the answer. 66 I ______ speak SpanishI ______ speak Spanish and Italian.and Italian.
10.
© Rafael Moreno
Esteban 2007 ExercisesExercises Complete with a suitableComplete with a suitable word:word: 11 I ______ go out tonight.I ______ go out tonight. I'm busy.I'm busy. 22 Can you ______ to theCan you ______ to the cinema tonight?cinema tonight? 33 You ______ park here. It'sYou ______ park here. It's no parking.no parking. 44 ______ you tell me the______ you tell me the time, please?time, please? 55 She can ______ EnglishShe can ______ English well.well. 66 I ______ play football, butI ______ play football, but not basketballnot basketball Complete the sentencesComplete the sentences withwith cancan oror can'tcan't.. 11 ______ I park my car______ I park my car here?here? 22 Where? I ______ seeWhere? I ______ see him.him. 33 ______ you help me______ you help me with my homework?with my homework? 44 You ______ smokeYou ______ smoke there, but not here.there, but not here. 55 Sorry. I ______Sorry. I ______ remember the answer.remember the answer. 66 I ______ speak SpanishI ______ speak Spanish and Italian.and Italian.
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