Space is an element of art that refers to the area occupied by shapes and forms, as well as the space between objects. There are two types of space: positive space, which is occupied by objects, and negative space, which is the unused space around and between objects. An artwork can use techniques like overlapping, shading, size differences, placement, atmospheric perspective, and linear perspective to create a sense of depth and distance divided into a foreground, middle ground, and background. Positive space appears larger and brighter closer to the viewer, while negative space and objects become smaller, lighter in color, and less detailed further from the viewer.