This document presents a research proposal on studying consumer buying behavior towards solar energy products in Kano City, Nigeria. The introduction discusses the importance of energy and issues with current energy sources. The objectives are to analyze consumer attitudes towards solar energy, factors influencing purchasing decisions, and awareness levels. A literature review covers past studies and identifies a gap regarding consumer behavior in Kano. The methodology will use a quantitative survey of 384 solar energy users across local governments in Kano to understand purchasing patterns.

1. RESEARCH PROPORSAL
ON
A study on consumer buying behaviour towards
usage of solar energy products with reference
to Kano city Nigeria
BY
HAFSAT AHMAD SUFI
1282

2. INTRODUCTION
 In our daily lives, energy plays a significant role, and it is all around
us. Energy is necessary for everything in our everyday lives and is
needed for a variety of reasons (Yang, Bashiru, & Yassaanah, 2021).
Despite the crucial role that all forms of energy play in our lives, the
majority of us have a tendency to take the advantages of industrial-
scale energy for granted.
 We are largely unaware of the significant financial, material, and
human resources needed to supply the requisite energy for every
sector of our global economy. We tend to disregard environmentalists'
warnings that our consumption of energy is a problem that requires an
immediate fix since we need it so much.


3.  Nasir (2016) argues that the use of such energy (solar) utilizing the proper
technology, such as the solar technologies, will lead to a more sustainable
way of life and productivity because energy obtained straight from the
sun is silent, limitless, and non-polluting.
 In addition to producing electricity, solar energy is used to create thermal
energy, which can be used for immediate lighting demands, passive or
active heating or cooling, and even the potential production of fuels for
use in transportation and other applications.

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 Kano and the rest of Nigeria are becoming more and more concerned
about the daily epileptic power supply (Oyedepo, 2022). Individuals ,
households, and organizations consume more fossil fuels, which raises
the cost of living, company operations, the price of goods and
services, and greenhouse gas emissions that are bad for the
environment and human health (Ozughalu et al., 2019).
 Nigeria is estimated to lose $29 billion annually due to the country's
sporadic power outages, which have an impact on other areas of
productivity, including foreign direct investment (Nwosa, 2018).
 Given the aforementioned issue, this study will look into consumer
purchasing behaviour in relation to the use of solar energy products
with reference to Kano metropolis.



5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 The general objective of this study is to investigate the consumer
buying behaviour towards usage of solar energy product with
reference to Kano city Nigeria.While the specific objectives are;
 1. To analyze the attitude of consumers towards environmental
changes and perception towards solar energy in Kano state.
 2. To study the factors that influences the decision for buying of solar
energy over conventional electricity in Kano state.
 3. To examine the level of awareness of consumers on solar energy
technologies for electricity generation and utilisation in Kano state.


6. RESEACH HYPOTHESIS
 The following null hypotheses guided the study and will be tested at
0.05 level of significance:
 HO1: Environmental changes and perception has no significant
positive effect on attitudes of consumers towards solar energy in Kano
state.

 Ho: There is no significant difference between buying solar energy
and conventional electricity in Kano state.

 Ho: The level of awareness of consumers on solar energy has no
significant positive effect on electricity generation and utilization in
Kano state.

7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 This study will be carry within Kano metropolis, the local
governments areas to be covered are; Nasarawa, Tarauni, Fagge,
Dala, Gwale, Kano Municipal, Ungogo and Kumbotso. A sample will
be taking from each local government.


8. LITERATURE REVIEW
 The Technology Acceptance Model was used by Bouaguel & agreed (2022) to analyze the
factors influencing consumers' intentions to switch to solar energy technology for residential
use in Saudi Arabia. The study's findings, which were based on responses from 492 men and
women in Saudi Arabia, showed that all of the Technology Acceptance Model components
have a significant influence on people's attitudes regarding adopting solar energy for
residential use.
 Hrishikesh & Bhattarchaya (2018), analyse consumer attitude for solar energy and factors of
adoption in Kamrup district, Asam. The findings show that people look to adopt solar
considering four major value pillars. These are the monetary benefit, Environmental
consciousness, Social factors and New Technology adoption. These four constructs
encompass majorly all factors which people may consider while making a decision to
purchase solar energy.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Sohail, Ghulam, & Muhammad (2018) look into what influences
consumers' plans to buy solar energy for their homes. Using 260
respondents, it was discovered that the perceived value of solar energy
applications has a considerable impact on consumer purchase intentions.
Similar to how costs associated with using and buying solar energy,
perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward buying solar energy all
influence customer intentions to buy solar energy for residential use in a
favorable way.


10. LITERATURE GAP
 Given the existing literature, this study will focus on consumer
buying behavior towards usage of solar energy product with a case
study Kano city. The study will be carry out within eight local
governments areas in Kano metropolis. These are; Nasarawa,
Tarauni, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Kano Municipal, Ungogo and
Kumbotso. A sample will be taking from each local government.


11. METHODOLOGY
Research Design and Sample Size
 To evaluate consumer purchasing patterns toward solar energy product
consumption in Kano state, the study will employ a quantitative research
methodology. Since there is no finite number of people consuming solar
energy products, a purposive non-probability sampling technique will be used
to obtain the target population using Cochran’s formula for an indivisible
population.
 no=Z2pq/e2
 The sample size is no, the required degree of precision is e, p is the
estimated population prevalence of a characteristic, q = 1-p, and z is the
specified criteria value of the desired confidence level. At a 95% confidence
level, the sample size will be determined assuming that 50% of the population
engages in using solar energy. Therefore, p= 0.5, q= 1-0.5=0.5, e = 0.05, and z
= 1.96.

12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A total of 384 sample size will be used. The population of each local
government inside the metropolis will be used to determine the sample
sizes for each cluster. This will be accomplished by calculating the
proportion of each cluster to the entire population and sample size.

14. METHODOLOGY
Data collection
 Data will be largely gathered by administering questionnaires to solar
energy users in Kano city which include: individuals, households, and
small and medium businesses in order to ascertain consumer
purchasing behavior toward usage of solar energy products in Kano
city.

15. REFERENCES
 Adeleke, S. O., & Akinbode, S. O. (2016). Analysis of Households’
Demand for Alternative Power Supply in Lagos State, Nigeria.Current
Research Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 121- 127.
 Abdelhafez, M.H.H.,Touahmia, M., Noaime, E., Albaqawy, G.A.,
Elkhayat, K.; Achour, B., & Boukendakdji, M. (2021). Integrating Solar
Photovoltaics in Residential Buildings: Towards Zero Energy Buildings
in Hail City, KSA. 13, 1845. [CrossRef]

 Bala, E., Ojosu, J., Umar, I. (2000). Government policies and
programmes on the development of solar-PV Sub-sector in Nigeria.
Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy 8(1&2), 1-6.

16. REFERENCES
 Bouaguel, W., Alsulimani, T. (2022). Understanding the Factors Influencing
Consumers’ Intention toward Shifting to Solar EnergyTechnology for
Residential Use in Saudi Arabia Using the Technology Acceptance Model.
Journal of sustainability. Vol6 2022.

 Formesolar, (2022). How Solar Energy Is a Cornerstone to Sustainability.
Available online: https://formesolar.com/how-solar- energy-is-a-cornerstone-
to-sustainability/ (accessed on 5 August 2022).

 Green, C. (2021). Are Solar Panels Sustainable? Available online:
https://captaingreen.com.au/are-solar-panels-sustainable/ (accessed on 5
August 2022).