2. Learning Objectives - After reading the
chapter, you should be able to do the following:
Discuss the strategic value-adding role
warehousing plays in the logistics system.
Explain the basic rationale for warehousing in
light of transportation consolidation, product
mixing, service, contingency protection, and
smoothing.
Develop an analytical framework for basic
warehousing decisions.
3. Learning Objectives
Distinguish between the different warehouse
activities requiring space in the warehouse
design.
Discuss the major principles of warehouse
layout design.
Compare the use of private versus public
warehousing.
Explain public warehousing services,
regulations, and pricing.
4. Learning Objectives
Describe the decision-making approach used
to determine the number of warehouses in
the logistics system.
Discuss the effect of materials handling and
packaging on logistics.
Describe the four dimensions and the
objectives of materials handling.
5. Learning Objectives
Discuss the different types of materials
handling equipment and the criteria used to
select this equipment.
Explain the cross-functional role of packaging
in a company.
Discuss the role of packaging in the logistics
system.
6. Learning Objectives
Describe the various types of packaging
materials available and their relative
advantages and disadvantages.
Explain the rationale for using bar codes to
identify packages.
7. Logistics Profile:
Grainger Industrial Supply
Grainger is dedicated to providing excellent
customer service using an effective network of
warehouses and distribution centers providing
same day or next day service.
13.6 million square feet in one national
distribution center, two regional and six zone
distribution centers, and 373 local branches
1.5 million customers, 220k SKUs, $4.5 billion
in sales, 60k to 80k daily customer orders
8. The Nature and
Importance of Warehousing
In 1999, $75 billion, or 0.8 percent of
GDP was spent on warehousing.
The total supply of U.S. warehousing space in
1999 was 6.1 billion square feet, an increase
from 1990 of 700 million square feet of space.
Warehousing provides time and place utility for
raw materials, industrial goods, and finished
products, allowing firms to use customer
service as a dynamic value-adding competitive
tool.
9. The Role of the Warehouse in the
Logistics System: A Basic Conceptual
Rationale
The warehouse is
where the supply
chain holds or
stores goods.
Functions of
warehousing include:
Transportation
consolidation
Product mixing
Cross-docking
Service
Protection against
contingencies
Smoothing
13. Basic Warehouse Decisions:
A Cost Trade-off Framework
Ownership
Public versus contract versus private
Centralized or Decentralized Warehousing
How many
Location
Size
Layout
What products where
15. The Ownership Decision
Public warehousing
costs mostly all
variable.
Private warehousing
costs have a higher
fixed cost component.
Thus private
warehousing virtually
requires a high and
constant volume.
16. The Ownership Decision
Factors to consider
Throughput volume
Stability of demand
Density of market area to be served
Security and control needs
Customer service needs
Multiple use needs of the firm
17. Table 8-2 Firm Characteristics
Affecting the Ownership Decision
18. Public Warehousing
Rationale for Public Warehousing
Limited capital investment
Flexibility
Public Warehousing Services
Bonded warehousing
Field warehouses
19. Public Warehousing
Public warehousing
regulation:
Liability
Receipts
Public warehousing rates
based upon:
Value
Fragility
Potential damage to
other goods
Volume and
regularity
Weight density
Services required
20. Contract Warehousing
Up 23% per year in 2000 to $20.4 billion.
Compensation for seasonality in products.
Increased geographical coverage.
Ability to test new markets.
Managerial expertise and dedicated resources.
Less strain on the balance sheet.
Possible reduction of transportation costs.
Other issues discussed in Chapter 11.
21. The Number of Warehouses
Factors Affecting the
Number of Warehouses
Inventory costs
Warehousing costs
Transportation costs
Cost of lost sales
Maintenance of
customer service levels
Service small quantity
buyers
22. Table 8-3: Factors Affecting the
Number of Warehouses
Factor Centralized Decentralized
Substitutability Low High
Product Value High Low
Purchase Size Large Small
Special Warehousing Yes No
Product Line Diverse Limited
Customer Service Low High
23. Basic Warehouse Operations
Movement
Receiving
Put-away
Order picking
Shipping
Storage
Stock location
Warehouse Management System
(WMS)
26. Warehouse Layout and Design
Develop a demand forecast.
Determine each item’s order
quantity.
Convert units into cubic
footage requirements.
Allow for growth.
Allow for adequate aisle
space for materials handling
equipment.
27. Warehouse Layout and Design
Provide for the
transportation interface.
Provide for order-
picking space.
Provide storage space.
Provide recouping,
office, and
miscellaneous spaces.
30. Warehouse Layout and Design
Basic needs:
Receiving
Basic storage
area
Order selection
and preparation
Shipping
31. Warehouse Layout and Design
Layout and Design
Principles:
Use one story facilities
where possible.
Move goods in a straight-
line.
Use the most efficient
materials handling
equipment.
Minimize aisle space.
Use full building height.
33. Table 8-4: Warehouse
Productivity Metrics
Pounds or units per day
Employees per pound moved
Pounds unloaded per hour
Pounds picked per hour
Pounds loaded per hour
Percentage of orders correctly filled
Productivity ratio = pounds handled/day divided by
labor hours/day
Throughput = amt of material moved through the
system in a given time period
34. Materials Handling
Definition: Efficient short distance movement
in or between buildings and a transportation
agency.
Four dimensions
Movement
Time
Quantity
Space
Coordination
35. Objectives of Materials Handling
Increase effective capacity
Minimize aisle space
Reduce product handling
Develop effective working
conditions
Reduce heavy labor
Improve logistics service
Reduce cost
36. Figure 8-12 Utilization of a
Warehouse’s Cubic Capacity: Principles
of Warehouse Layout Design
37. Guidelines and Principles for
Materials Handling
To effectively plan and control materials
handling, the logistics manager should
recognize some guidelines and principles.
Table 8-5 lists 20 of the most commonly
accepted principles of effective materials
handling. Asterisks mark those deserving
special attention.
39. Packaging
Interest in packaging is widespread
Logistics
Warehousing
Transportation
Size
Marketing
Production
Legal
40. The Role of Packaging
Identify product and provide information
Improve efficiency in handling and
distribution
Customer interface
Protect product
41. What Is Packaging?
Consumer packaging
Marketing managers primarily concerned
with how the package fits into the
marketing mix.
Industrial packaging
Logistics managers primarily concerned
with efficient shipping characteristics
including protection, ability to withstand
stacking when on a pallet, cube, weight,
shape and other relevant factors.
42. Packaging Materials
Table 8-6 presents a comparison of various
packing material characteristics.
Basic considerations include:
Soft materials
Plastic
Environmental issues
Recycling (reverse logistics)
44. Bar Coding
Standard markings that can be read by automatic
or handheld scanners that allow for labor saving
logistical activities for all supply chain members.
Bar Codes contain information regarding:
Vendor
Product type
Place of manufacture
Product price
45. Chapter 8:
Summary and Review Questions
Students should review their knowledge of the chapter
by checking out the Summary and Study Questions for
Chapter 8.