SAT Corp - Geolocalização como Serviço - Freddy Adames

1. Geolocation Services
Provided by
Integral Systems Service Solutions (IS3)
SSPI Brazil
August 16, 2011

2. Company Composition prior to Merger
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

3. Recent Merger News: ISYS-KTTS
• Merger between Integral Systems and Kratos
Technology and Training Systems
– Is now complete
– Mostly business as usual
– Expect long range synergies with KTTS in its security services
business
• IS3 being realigned with Monics® and satID® products
under SAT Corporation within the Products Group
– Products and Services under one organization
– Shared sales and engineering functions better services the
customer and end user community
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

4. Who is SAT Corporation?
• SAT Corporation has been in the RF Spectrum Monitoring business for over 25
years
• SAT has the largest customer base in all regions of the world. >25 operators
world wide.
• SAT’s Monics® and SAT-DSA® Carrier Monitoring and Interference Detection
Products are used world-wide by prominent Satellite Operators and Satellite
Service Providers.
• SAT’s unique DSP algorithms for Interference Detection and Characterization
allow payload operators to “see” under the entire carrier bandwidth
• Open Interface: Standard plug and play interfaces to Carrier Planning Tools,
Network Management and Flight Control systems
• Hardware Independent: COTS hardware commercially available allows
flexibility
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

5. What is Interference?
• Contamination by extraneous signals, usually man-made, of a
form similar to the desired signal
• Interference can be:
– Planned; due to other signals sharing same frequency (frequency reuse)
– Accidental; due to faulty equipment or operator error
– Deliberate; with the intention to disrupt communications
• Impossible to avoid because the electromagnetic spectrum is
limited; many users and services share the same frequency bands,
example: WiFi and C-Band.
• Important to control (planned interference)
• Important to eliminate (accidental or deliberate interference)
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation
If you talk about Geolocation, you must talk about Interference first!

6. Satellite Communications Interference
• Planned, e.g., allocation included in link budget
– Rain margin
– Adjacent satellite (ITU Recommendations)
– Co-frequency
• Cross-polarized
• Spatially isolated
– Intermodulation (earth station and satellite)
– Adjacent channel
– Sun Interference
• Accidental/Deliberate
– Accidental, e.g., transmit on wrong satellite, polarization, or frequency
– Deliberate – see SatMagazine January 2011, “Challenging Times for
Nilesat”, http://www.satmagazine.com/cgi-bin/display_article.cgi?number=80238354
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

7. Causes of Accidental Interference
• Operator error
– Operators transmit without coordination
– Operators increase uplink e.i.r.p. without authorization
– Earth stations under test transmit on wrong satellite, frequency or polarization
• Unmanned and remote stations
– Faulty equipment not repaired, remote sites may take a long time to repair
• Earth station antenna tracking faults
• Poorly designed customer networks or VSAT systems
– limited control and monitoring abilities, low quality equipment
– FM re-broadcast caused by low quality equipment
– System design does not consider fail-safe operation
– No ability to remotely shutdown individual terminals
• Interference from road traffic, emergency services, radar
• Intentional interference/jamming
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

8. Ways to Detect Interference
• Manual
– Wait for customer complaints
– Compare spectrum plot of the transponder with the nominal
frequency plan
– Check for unauthorized carriers, spurious
• Automatic
– Continually scan signals and transponders of interest,
generate alarms for out-of-tolerance conditions
• Analog Spectrum Analyzer
• Digital Spectrum Analyzer
– Pro-active; problem can be cleared before it is noticed by the
customer
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

9. SAT Corporation’s Monics®
Automatic
Monitoring and
Alarm Actions
Relational
Database GUI
operating on SQL
Server
Manual
Monitoring with
Modulation
Analysis
Historical
Archive Trace
Viewing
And
Reporting…..
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

10. Detecting Interference
• Find interference in empty
spectrum or within carriers
• 80% of the time parametric
measurement is all that is
needed to resolve the issue.
• Check databases to in
accidental source.

11. Detecting Interference
Dynamic waveforms
• Modulation Analysis on Burst
– Operators can zoom in a burst to activate the Time/Power and
Frequency/Power display OR PERFORM MODULATION ANALYSIS
– Monics displays the
Modulation type, the
symbol rate and the
measured Es/No

12. Detecting Interference
Is it real or just faulty hardware?
• What appears to be a CW
interference in the signal
• Is it real?
• Faulty equipment as can
been seen by spectrogram,
confirmed by constellation
diagram which results in
what looks like CW
interference in the
frequency domain

13. Detecting Interference
Carrier in Carrier and Paired Carrier
• New Waveforms means
New Algorithms are
developed
• Constellation indicates
complex modulation
• Monics determines two
carriers exist with same
power, modulation type
and symbol rate
• Monics separates signals,
measures parameters
and looks for Interference

14. SAT Corporation’s Monics®
Equipment
Status
Monitoring Plan and Status
(Dwell Info – Other users on the system)
ICONs to
other
capability
Alarm Status Window
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

15. SAT Corporation’s Monics®
Provides information
about the interfering
carrier
Monics sees interference
under the entire
bandwidth
95% of the time is all that
is needed to resolve the
issue!
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

16. SAT Corporation’s Monics® with SAT-DSP
SAT-DSP Provides
• 85MHz Instantaneous Bandwidth (soon to
be 250MHz IBW
Can detect interference on 72MHz
transponders.
• True Instantaneous bandwidth
Does not use I and Q or phased dual
digitizer to double bandwidth – these
techniques reduces Dynamic Range and
requires regular calibration, reduces
monitoring time
• No Need for Calibration
• Measurement Speed
Typical carrier 5MHz bandwidth
Spectrum Analyzer mode: 100mS per
measurement
Interference Detection mode: 300mS
per measurement
Interference Analysis mode: 500mS
per measurement
New SAT-DSP-5000 (-5010)
• Single Chassis housing Tuner and
Digitizer
• Gigabit Ethernet (vs. USB
connection) to digitizer
• 266 MHz IF (standard)
• High Speed (On-Board Decimation)
available
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

17. What is Geolocation?
•Geolocation: Determining the origin (location on the
earth) of an interfering Signal
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

18. Geolocation with RTL’s satID®
Fully integrated Interference Detection,
Analysis and Location systems
ISI has acquired all satID technology and source code from
QintetiQ
Scalable and networkable
• Common Hardware (including with Monics)
• Works in any frequency band
• Works across multiple beams
Technically Advanced
• TDOA and FDOA techniques for Geolocation
• Requires only two satellites to obtain a location
• Needs only two antennas
• Proprietary Ephemeris Error Compensation™ (EEC) for
greater accuracy
• Faster processing for location
Cost Effective Solutions
• Entry Level Solution: satID Express
• Mid Level Solution: satID Essencial
• High Level Solution: satID Expert
Geolocation Services
• Provided by IS3
Differentpath lengths
give Differential Time
Offset(DTO)
Differentsatellite
velocitiesgives
Differential Frequency
Offset(DFO)
Actuallycalculates error
ellipsedirectly from
measurements
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

19. How does satID® work
• Satellite communications channels are valuable resources that need to be
used to maximize efficiency
• Incidences of interference grow every year and are likely to increase due
to multiple trends
– Proliferation of satellite based services, e.g., VSAT networks
– Emergence of personal satellite communications
– Ever increasing congestion of the geostationary arc
• Interference can be costly
– Loss or reduction in revenue
– Manpower resources to resolve problems
– Customer satisfaction (or dissatisfaction)
– Loss of capacity
• Identifying interference sources is evermore urgent
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

20. • Generally used to mitigate against the effects of
accidental interference
– Equipment failure or setup problems, e.g., poorly pointed VSAT
– Operator error, e.g., wrong satellite or frequency
– Spill-over from poorly specified ground station transmitting to
adjacent satellite
– Ground-based radar transmitters
• Increasingly used to locate intentional jammers or
unauthorized users
– Pirated bandwidth
– Deliberate jamming of TV broadcasts
– Carrier under carrier
• Validation of authorized users by regulators
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

21. Interference
Source
satID Receiving
Station
A Transmitting Station sends a signal
to a satellite.
This signal is received by the
Receiving Station.
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

22. satID Receiving
Station
Transmitting Station antenna
characteristics usually result in a
lower power copy of signal being
received by a nearby satellite.
Solid lines: Majority of signal
energy
Dashed lines: Some signal energy
Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
Interference
Source
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

23. When another antenna is aimed at
the nearby Secondary Satellite, this
low power copy of the signal can be
received.Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
satID Receiving
Station
Interference
Source
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

24. Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
satID Receiving
Station
Interference
Source
The signal path lengths are different
through the two satellites, so the
Receiving Station sees different
delay on the signals received from
each.
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

25. Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
satID Receiving
Station
Interference
Source
The resulting Differential Time Offset
(DTO) results in partial location
information.
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

26. Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
satID Receiving
Station
Interference
Source
The two satellites are moving with
respect to the ground and each
other, so the Receiving Station sees
different Doppler shift on the signals
received from each.
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

27. Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
Interference
Source
satID Receiving
Station
The resulting Differential Frequency
Offset (DFO) results in additional
location information.
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

28. Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
Many factors contribute some
uncertainty to the results, though
patented satID algorithms minimize
this uncertainty.
satID Receiving
Station
Interference
Source
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

29. satID Receiving
Station
Primary
SatelliteSecondary
Satellite
A reference signal from a known
location improves geolocation
certainty by removing common
cancellable biases.
Reference signal from satID
Transmit Unit, or any other known
signal from a known location.
Interference
Source
How does satID® work
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

30. Core Technologies
Global Infrastructure
Network Operations
Mission Assurance
SATCOM NetOps Services
• Core Technologies from Trusted ISI Subsidiaries
– Monics® from SAT Corp
– satID® from RT Logic
– Compass® from Newpoint Technologies
• Distributed Global Infrastructure
– Dispersed remote monitoring sensors (100+)
– Dual antenna iDetGeo sites
– Primary and Backup NOCs
– Encrypted VPN connections between nodes
• Professional Network Operations Management
– Expert operations analysts 24 X 7
– Intensive training and certification program
– Extensive automation and decision support
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

31. IS3 Global Infrastructure
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

32. A Full Range of Services
Different path lengths
give Differential Time
Offset (DTO)
Different satellite
velocities gives
Differential Frequency
Offset (DFO)
Actually calculates error
ellipse directly from
measurements
• RF Interference Geolocation
– Characterize the effects of RF interference
– Geolocate its source (typically < 10Km, <60 min, >90% of the time)
• Convenient Web Portal Access to Actionable Information
– Near-real-time QoS results (alarms, spectral plots, metrics, and reports)
– Periodic historical data and trend analysis information
– Alert notifications
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

33. Case StudiesGeolocation Services
Provided by
Integral Systems Service Solutions (IS3)
SSPI Brazil
August 16, 2011

34. Multiple Adjacent Satellite Interference
33
Event Details
• Offending signal observed on 5
different satellites in Asia.
• In commissioning new iDetGeo site,
NOC personnel saw signals, first
thought unusual, then identified on
multiple satellites
Company Proprietary - Sensitive Information
Integral Systems Service Solutions Network Ops Center
IS3NOC@INTEG.COM 1-888-409-9211 24x7
Assets Supporting Task
• Korea iDetGeo Site
• Korea MONICS system
• Signal identified on Monics
• satID Geolocation Set Details
• Geolocation successful
• High confidence EEC solution used

35. Tactics Details
• Interfering signal presents as constant modulated signal
• Signal verified to be operating over all suspected
satellites through geolocation and checks for local RFI
34

36. Satellite A Observed Spectrum
35
Signal presented with most energy on Satellite A. Spectrum is at 10B / division.

37. Adjacent Satellite Spectrum
36
Satellite B (5DB / DIV)
Satellite C (5DB / DIV)
Satellite D (5DB / DIV)

38. Comparison of Ellipses
37
• Geolocation performed on different pairs of satellites, yields the same location
to within <2km, giving confidence of performance of new system

39. Zoom on Corrected FDoA Crossing
38

40. Brute Force Multi-Jamming Example
39
Event Details
• Victim satellite – Satellite X,
transponders in H and V pol
• Victim Signals - Multiple
• Interferer Signal – 3x coordinated high
power CW spikes, non-swept, non-
pulsing
• Signal identified on Monics
• satID Geolocation Set Details
• Geolocation successful
• Solution based on operator
ephemeris, no EEC used
Company Proprietary - Sensitive Information
Integral Systems Service Solutions Network Ops Center
IS3NOC@INTEG.COM 1-888-409-9211 24x7
Assets Supporting Task
• Korea iDetGeo Site
• Korea MONICS system

41. Tactics Details
• Three CW spikes at high power, +30 C/N on H and V Pol
• CW spikes were visible above noise floor on adjacent
satellite, resulting in adjacent satellite interference
• CW spikes were constant in power, frequency, and duty
cycle
• Further analysis revealed separate but physically close
uplink antennas were used to generate interferer
40

42. Beam Before Interferer
41

43. Beam With Single Interferer
42

44. Beam With Multiple Offenders
43

45. Geolocation Result Analysis
44
-0,15
-0,1
-0,05
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
DifferenceinDFOFromReferenceinBahrain(Hz)
Samples taken over a period of time
Comparing DFO Values
14394.51
14355.13

46. FDOA Crossings
45

47. Delta From Suspected Site
46

48. Selective Jamming
47
Event Details
• Satellite X Transponder Horizontal Pol
• Interferer Signal – Multiple offenders
and tactics
Company Proprietary - Sensitive Information
Integral Systems Service Solutions Network Ops Center
IS3NOC@INTEG.COM 1-888-409-9211 24x7
Assets Supporting Task
• Cyprus iDetGeo Site
• Cyprus MONICS system
Geolocation Set Details
• Geolocation successful
• Solution based on operator
ephemeris, no EEC used

49. Tactics Details
• Interfering signals present as a mix of modulated
carrier(s), CW spike(s), and matched waveform
• Jamming modes solo and in various combinations
• Occupies multiple frequencies on affected carrier
48

50. CW Jamming Examples
49
CW @ Center Freq CW Below Center Freq

51. Matched Waveform Example
50
This is an example of matched waveform jamming. The interferer (RED trace) is
effectively stopping all communication on the affected carrier (GREEN trace).

52. Matched Waveform Example
51
In this example of matched waveform jamming, the offending carrier (RED trace)
has backed off from the authorized carrier (GREEN trace) ~8DB. The interferer is
most likely checking to see what content remains on the carrier.

53. Stepping CW Example
52
These CW spikes are deliberately “stepping” through a desired frequency range.

54. Multi-Engagement Example
53
This is a mix of steady and stepped CW alongside modulated carriers.

55. Geolocation Results
54
• Gelocation yields location < 2km from suspected site

56. Conclusion
• The combination of Monics and satID in a iDetGeo
system proves to be a set of powerful tools to:
– Detect
– Analyze
– Locate
• Interference
• In the hands of experienced IS3 NOC personnel it yields
fast accurate results, no matter the type of signal
interference.
55

57. Core Technologies
Global Infrastructure
Network Operations
Mission Assurance
SATCOM NetOps Services
• NOC recorded Demo with a Geolocation
Event- 5 minutes
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

58. • Annualized Subscriptions
– Payment plans accommodate monthly, quarterly, or annual fees
– Discounts for multi-year agreements
– No upfront cash needed
• Service Plans Tailored To Customer’s Specific Needs
– Pricing plans available for regions or by beams
• Multi-Tiered Service Plans Accommodate All Types Of Customers
– Tier 1 plans provide “back office” capabilities to supplement current
customer capabilities for those who already own some infrastructure
– Tier 2 plans provide “front office” capabilities where turn-key
outsourcing is desired
• We Supply and Maintain The Infrastructure
– No annual recurring maintenance or license fees required
– We always have the latest versions of product capabilities
Flexible Service Plans
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

59. SAT Corporation, a one stop shop
• Monics® Scalable Carrier Monitoring and Interference
Detection and Analysis Systems
• satID® Geolocation Systems
– satID Express
– satID Essential
– satID Expert
• QoS and Geolocation Services
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation

60. Thank you!
• Questions?
Freddy Adames, BDM
Satellite Products
SAT Corporation
Phone: +1-408-220-9120
fadames@sat.com
Luiz Barbosa, BDM, SA
IS3 Sales
Phone: +55 (51) 9378-5318
lbarbosa@integ.com
Bob Potter, President
SAT Corporation
Phone: +1-408-220-9170
bob@sat.com
The information provided in this presentation is proprietary and must not be disclosed unless previously authorized by SAT Corporation