27. SUMMARY
Our relationship to our environment is fundamentally changing
through embedded information technology and networking.
Ubiquitous computing is the most common name for this change
(though it has others: pervasive computing, ambient intelligence,
the Internet of Things, etc.)
It’s a result of:
– Cheap processing
– Cheap, pervasive networking
– Low-power, but still powerful, embedded processors
Which came together to create a tipping point (roughly speaking in
2005).
People are using these technologies to compete by embedding
information processing into a wide variety of everyday objects.
In effect treating information as a novel material to design with.
70. SUMMARY
Ubicomp adds a number of disciplines to traditional UX: industrial design,
service design, product design, architecture, engineering.
Cheap processing creates a broad UX shift from generic devices and software
to specialized devices and software, while cheap networking moves services
from local to remote.
This creates two broad classes of network-connected devices: specialized
appliances and generic terminals in different form factors (which the CE
industry primarily focuses on).
A larger shift is to service avatars which are devices and software that are
tightly coupled to specific online services. People see through the devices and
software to the service.
Meanwhile, unique identification of physical objects leads to cloud-based
information shadows for everyday things.
These blur the lines between physical objects, digital objects and
fundamentally change notions of ownership as product service systems
replace everyday products with subscriptions.
And this, in a nutshell, is The Internet of Things..
78. SYSTEMS ON A CHIP (SOCS)
16MIPS
640X480 24-BIT LCD VIDEO CONTROLLER
USB 2.0
24 A/D CHANNELS (FOR AUDIO AND I/O)
CAPACITIVE SENSING (FOR MULTI-TOUCH)
1 CM SQUARE
$5 (IN QUANTITY)
PIC24FJ256DA210 PRODUCT FAMILY
89. INTERESTING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
NFC/RFID
Content based retrieval
Systems on a chip
Picoprojectors
GPUs
Multitouch/Gestural interaction
Smart materials
Ultracapacitors
Everything as a service
103. INTERESTING APPLICATION DOMAINS
Clothing and jewelry
Furniture and appliances
Cars
Urban life
Information as decoration
Behavior change and health
Infrastructure access
114. Scale
Label
Examples
1 cm
covert
RFID, nail polish, cochlear implant
10 cm
mobile
phone handset, portable media player, wallet
1 m
personal
chair, car, ATM, payphone, laptop
10 m
environmental
wall, door, chandelier
100 m
architectural
church clock, billboard, bus
1000 m
urban
street intersection, landmark, crowd
116. MANAGING TASK DISCONNECTS
Task continuity
– “Task continuity requires interfaces that support the transfer and
recovery of state and activity context.”
– “The ability to recover the last few actions that were performed
on one device so that they can be taken into account while
migrating the task to another device.”
Knowledge continuity
– “Knowledge continuity requires visual continuity, both graphical
and textual, successful partitioning of data and functionality, and
procedural consistency.”
From Pyla et al (2006).