1. All Male Prawn Biotechnology will pave significant
advances in commercial production in Malaysia

2. Macrobrachium rosenbergii
also known as
•Udang Galah
•Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn

3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
To create a sustainable Freshwater
prawn industry in Malaysia
•For Malaysia to become meaningful producer of freshwater
prawn
•Rural Area Economic Transformation - Graduates
Entrepreneur to be engaged in this project on line with
government rural area youth transformation program

4. Global Udang Galah Production-
(2006-2011 )
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source: Food and Agricultural Organisation 2012

5. Malaysia Vs Bangladesh ( 1990-2011)
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bangladesh
Malaysia
Source: Food and Agricultural Organisation 2012

6. UDANG GALAH
A POTENTIAL
BILLION RINGGIT INDUSTRY ?

7. INDUSTRY POTENTIAL
TotalAvailable Idle Padi Land 400,000Acres
Assuming 15% for Udang Galah Farms 60,000Acres
60,000Acres translates into 28,000 Ponds
Annual Output in Tons
(per pond 1.2 ton/annual)
35,280 Tons
Annual Revenue ( Assuming RM 35/kg) RM 1.234 Billion
Annual Earnings RM 0.370 Billion
Number of Farmers Involved 4,667 Farmers

8. Dr. Shao-Wen Ling
who first completed the life cycle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
“Father of Fresh Water Prawn Farming”

9. Berried Mother Prawn
Zoea
Post Larvae
Juveniles

10. UDANG GALAH - A SPECIES
VERY DIFFERENT FROM TIGER
PRAWN OR VANAMAE
Comparison between
Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), Tiger Prawn
(Penaeus monodon) and Udang Vanamae (Litopenaues
vannamei)

11. Prawn species compared - Environment
Item Udang Galah Tiger Prawn Vanamae
Environment Fresh Water Sea Water Sea Water
Stocking
Density
Low – 20,000 per
acre
High – 60,000 per
acre
Very High –
100,000+ / acre
Virus Attacks Low
Susceptibility
High Susceptibility High Susceptibility
Chemical Use Extremely Low High in line with
virus susceptibility
Very High in line
with virus
susceptibility
Water Pollution None High due to high
chemical use
Very High due to
high chemical use

12. Prawn species compared - Economics
Item Udang Galah Tiger Prawn Vanamae
Operating Costs Low – Only
Supplementary
Feeding with low
protein levels; no
aeration
requirements
High due to high
feeding
requirements as
well as 24 hour
aeration
Very High due to
high feeding
requirements as
well as 24 hour
aeration
Average Weight 35 to 200 grams 35 grams 20 grams
Average Price Between RM 40
to
RM 80 per kg
Between RM 15
to
RM 35 per kg
Between RM 10
to
RM 12 per kg

13. Forecast Revenue per pond
Revenue per Cycle in RM Low Medium High
Juveniles Stocked per Pond 20,000 30,000 40,000
Survival Rate 80% 70% 60%
Saleable Prawns 16,000 21,000 24,000
Weight per Prawns 70 grams 70 grams 70 grams
Output Weight 1120 1470 1680
Price per kilogram RM 30 RM 30 RM 30
Forecast Revenue Per Pond per
Cycle
33,600 44,100 50,400

14. FORCAST EARNINGS PER
POND
Revenue per Cycle in RM Low Medium High
Annual Revenue per Pond ( 3 cycles) 100,800 132,300 151,200
Less Direct Costs taken at 70% of
Revenue
70,560 92,610 105,840
Net Earnings Per Pond 30,240 39,690 45,360
Net Earnings per Farmer with a
mere 4 Ponds
Annually 120,960 158,760 181,440
Monthly 10,080 13,230 15,120

15. Economics of All Male prawn vs
Mix population

16. Male Differentiation is Controlled by the Androgenic
Gland
• The Androgenic
gland (AG) mediates
sex differentiation
and growth rate
• Removal of AG
results in males (neo-
females) that are
able to reproduce
with normal males

17. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
45 60 75 88 102 115 130 142 152
CumulativeWeight(g/2m2)
Time (days)Modified from Sagi et al, 1986
Macrobrachium rosenbergii dimorphic growth in
favor of all-male culture and selective harvest
* Includes only the
marketable yields (≥30g)
~60% higher income
Field study in India
Nair et al., 2006
&

18. Neo
ZZ
ZZ
X
50%
WZ
50%
ZZ
100 %
ZZ
AG
♂
X
Neo-female and Male Prawns
Produce an All-Male Population
• Male Prawns are
homozygote (ZZ)
• Female Prawns are
heterozygote (WZ)
• Crossing Neo-female
(males without AG) and
male prawns results in an
all male population

19. Neo
ZZ
ZZX
50%
WZ
50%
ZZ
100 %
ZZ
All male
♂
X
AG-Silencing
AG
Mass production
of broodstock
Neo
ZZ
Phase I
Phase II
Androgenic gland removal
results in sex reversal
All Male Population –
over 60% Increase in income

20. Growth performance of All-male population and
Mixed population in
earthen pond in Vietnam
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
February March April May June July August
Bodyweight(g)
All-male population
Mixed population
Modified from Aflalo et al, 2006

21. MALE PRAWN

22. FEMALE PRAWN

23. Thank You.