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Evidence Based Hygiene Strategies   Maureen Spencer, RN, M.Ed., CIC Infection Control Manager New England Baptist Hospital Boston, Ma. 02120 [email_address]
SKIN ,[object Object],[object Object]
LAYERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DERMIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Natural Line of Defense ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SKIN FUNCTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Systems Interact with Skin?   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Systems Interact with Skin? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Touch Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sensory receptors in your skin
SKIN ASSESSMENT
SKIN ASSESSMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ASSESSING SKIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PRIMARY LESIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SECONDARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PRESSUR ULCERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
NURSING MANAGEMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
PATIENT’S SKIN AND SSI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SKIN CONTAMINANTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SKIN BACTERIAL COUNTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SKIN FLORA BY SITE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Most Common Microorganisms Isolated from SSIs Organism 1986-1989(percent) 1990-1996(percent) Staphylococcus aureus 17 20 Coagulase-negative staphylococci 12 14 Enterococcus species 13 12 Escherichia coli 10 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 8 Enterobacter species 8 7 Proteus mirabilis 4 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae 3 3 Other  Streptococcus  species 3 3 Candida albicans 2 3 Group D streptococci  ---- 2 Other gram-positive aerobes ---- 2
POSTOP INCISION CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PREOPERATIVE PATIENT SKIN ANTISEPTICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ANTISEPTICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHLORHEXIDINE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COMBINATION PRODUCTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Post-op Skin Care Challenges Blisters, Tape Tears, Pressure
Skin Issues in Orthopedic Surgery
Obesity and Surgical Incision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CELLULITIS Infectious or Chemical?
Surgical Site Infection After Orthopedic Surgery: Devastating!
STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SSI
Incisional Adhesive  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Silver Antimicrobial Dressings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antimicrobial Dressing Silver Foam Dressing Silver Foam Dressing  Absorbs 96 grams of fluid Does not adhere to steri-strips or skin Silicone makes it easy to lift for inspection and will not tear skin layers
CHG Use For Surgery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Surgical Incise Drapes and    Bacitracin/Polymixin Irrigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INCONTINENCE CARE AND INDWELLING FOLEYS
DEFINITIONS – URINARY INCONTINENCE (UI) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CAUSES OF INCONTINENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INCONTINENCE CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
URINARY CATHETERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) using a silver-coated 100% silicone Foley catheter verses a silver-coated latex Foley catheter in a Northeastern U.S. acute care hospital: Abstract ID 50571: Monday, June 20.   APIC 2005   AJIC:  American Journal of InfectionControl  33(5):E55-E56, June 2005.  Davis, K
CATHETER CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ORAL CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ORAL CARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MRSA and Staph aureus Eradication Program Prescreening Process Topical Decolonization Protocol Vancomycin for MRSA
February 2006  Anonymous Nares Cultures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What were the outcomes?
MRSA/MSSA Eradication Program Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MRSA and  Staph aureus  Infection Rates
Creative Hand Hygiene Strategies
Social Learning Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Infection Control Liaisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unit-Based Bulletin Board
Staff Participation in Hand Hygiene Posters
Participation in the Annual Bug Beat Fair
Examples of Creative Hand Hygiene Programs
Partners in Hand Hygiene  Nov 2005 Patient Empowerment and Involvement
 
 
Hand Sanitizer Bugs ,[object Object],[object Object]
Skin Care Fair ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
June, 2006 – Bug Beat Fair F.I.E.S.T.A .   Fight Infection, Everyone Should Take Action
November 2006 Cruise on the L.U.A.U
M.R.S.A. Fair  Make Resistance Stay Away M.  R.  S.  A.
June 2007 – B.E.A.C.H. Party Because Everyone Assures Clean Hands
B.E.A.C.H. Party
October 2007 B.O.O. – Bug Off Organisms
  December 2007   Happy Fingers
February 2008 Sanitize Your Hands D.O.G. Gone it (Dirt and Organisms Gone)
 
Hand Hygiene Data Volume use Direct Observations
  Volume Use Data No Longer Using This For Our Measurement
Direct Observations
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevent Infection  We are all in this together THANK YOU

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Evidence based hygiene strategies 102308

Notas do Editor

  1. Aqua Cel silver dressings after spine and shoulder surgery Additional annual cost: $25,843
  2. Chlorhexidine antiseptic wash (Bactoshield) for pre-op shower Annual cost: $10,639 Chlorhexidine swabs for central line insertion site (Chloraprep) Use clippers rather than razors to remove hair at incision site Annual cost: $8,175
  3. Iodophor/alcohol surgical prep is used – we evaluated the tinted CHG but surgeons did not like the product due to Its green color and inability to adhere the barrier drapes to the skin as well as the iodophor product – this is a big Issue for orthopedic surgeons
  4. We conducted another anonymous surveillance culture study in Feb 2006 – 133 spine patients noses were cultured in the OR 29% grew out Staph aureus and 4% were positive for MRSA – which was undiagnosed and therefore surgical prophylaxis with Vancomycin was not administered and no precautions were used in the OR, PACU or nursing units. These patients may also Have been discharged to a rehab facility with no flagging for precautions.
  5. Data is indicating an increase in product use Some confounding variables: nurses discarding empty dispensers at nurses station use of hand wipes for computers on wheels – forgot to include in data collection patients taking dispensers home at discharge