This document discusses the rise of fascist dictatorships in Germany and Italy after World War 1. It describes how Germany's economy collapsed due to war debts and hyperinflation in the 1920s, leading to widespread unemployment and unrest. This created an opening for Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party, which rose to power in 1933 on a nationalist platform opposing the Treaty of Versailles and promising to restore Germany's power and territory. Once in power, Hitler established a totalitarian police state and began systematically persecuting Jews and other minority groups.

1. CHAPTER 19 Section 1: The Postwar Era Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

2. Weimar Republic SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Why were the German people not satisfied with their new republic?

3. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Germany paid off its war debts by borrowing from the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom, meanwhile, paid Germany by borrowing from the U.S. This created a situation wherein all European countries became dependant on the U.S.A. Now American banks wanted their money back . . . Germany’s economy collapses.

4. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Unemployment was rampant … Inflation soared.

5. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Salvation Army serves hungry Berliners in the dark days of 1923.

6. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany With the mark almost worthless, bartering made a comeback. Germans are seen here swapping bread, sausages and jam for tickets to the circus.

7. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The collapse of the mark made it cheaper to paper a wall with bank notes than to buy wallpaper.

8. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Unemployment in the Weimar Republic 6,100,000 unemployed January 1933 5,102,000 unemployed September 1932 4,350,000 unemployed September 1931 3,000,000 unemployed September 1930 1,320,000 unemployed September 1929 650,000 unemployed September 1928

9. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What does this graph illustrate about the value of the German mark? In 1918, Berlin bread was worth less than a mark, by 1922 the same bread would cost 160 marks, and by 1923, the bread would be 200 billion marks.

10. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Right-wing groups and communist groups tried to overthrow the ailing republic. 1923 Beer Hall Putsch A group of extreme nationalists …. led by Adolf Hitler.

11. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany While in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf detailing his political ideology – his belief that the world’s twin evils were communism and Judaism. He also predicted Germany’s future on the world stage.

12. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Hitler’s political party was extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and anticommunist. National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Nazi Party

13. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Hitler promised to repeal the hated Treaty of Versailles and restore Germany’s military power. … recovery of lost territory. … a “greater Germany”. … the “master race”.

14. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany In 1932, the Nazi Party won 230 seats in the Reichstag – more than any other party but not enough to claim a majority. In 1933, the president would appoint Adolf Hitler as chancellor.

15. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

17. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

18. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The persecution and exodus of Germany's 525,000 Jews began almost immediately. In April 1933, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. In the same month, further legislation sharply curtailed "Jewish activity" in the medical and legal professions.

20. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany A Sign that Reads 'Jews Aren't Welcome Here'

21. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

22. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany 1935, A Sign that Reads, 'Local Residents Don't Want Any Relations with Jews'

24. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

25. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany