The document discusses the verb "to be" which is used to describe people, things, and locations. It has three conjugations: am, is, and are. Examples of usage are provided for the different subjects and forms.

1.  It is used to describe people, things and talk
about locations.
 It has 3 conjugations: am, is and are.
 I am,
 He, she, it  is
 You, we, they  are
A:He is at school They are the tallest.
N:He isn´t at school They aren´t the tallest.
Q:Is he at school? Are they the talles?
An: Yes, he is. Yes, they are
An: No, he isn´t No, they aren´t

2. Subject Verb
The Rest of the
sentence
I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home
Simple Present
We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
•go – goes
•catch – catches
•wash – washes
•kiss – kisses
•fix – fixes
•buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
•marry – marries
•study – studies
•carry – carries
•worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
•play – plays
•enjoy – enjoys
•say – says

3. Present Continuous
FORM
[am/is/are + present participle]
Examples:
•You are watching TV.
•Are you watching TV?
•You are not watching TV.
USE 1 Now
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to
express the idea that something is happening now, at
this very moment. It can also be used to show that
something is not happening now.

4. It is used when the action is over
IRREGULAR VERBS
THINK- THOUGHT
SLEEP-SLEPT
COME- CAME
COST –COST
BUY- BOUGHT
REGULAR VERBS
PLAY – PLAYED
WALK- WALKED
VISIT- VISITED
WORK-WORKED

5. Group A
Voiceless sound: –p –k –s –ch –sh –f –x –h - pronounce ED as “T”
Example: Ask, asked = ask(T) , Walked
Group B
Voiced sound : –l –v –n –m –r –b –v –g –w –y –z –and vowel sounds
(diphthongs) pronounce ED as “D”
Example: Allow, allowed = allow(D) ,played
Group C: T or D pronounce ED as “ID”
Example: Need, needed = need(id) , visited

6. subject
auxiliary
verb
main verb
+
I went to school.
You worked very hard.
-
She did not go with me.
We did not work yesterday.
?
Did you go
to
London?
Did they work at home?

7.  We use so after a result
› I like ice-creams, so I learnt how to make
them.
› Exercise 2 on page 15.