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Neurons and Ecosystems
- 1. NEURONS!
- 2. Bell Work 1/28/2015 Select all of the biotic components of this ecosystem that you can find: .
- 3. Welcome!Itinerary Biological Components of an ecosystem Announcements: To stay up to date, download “Celly” and look for “james.wampler” Today’s Learning Target: I can identify biological components of an ecosystem and explain what happens when they are absent
- 4. NEW UNIT: Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect population AND… Evaluate competing designs for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services Δ = - +
- 5. Biological (Biotic) Components of an Ecosystem Biotic components:the living factors or organisms of an ecosystem Predators:An animal that hunts other animals for food Prey: An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
- 6. Things to keep in mind:The Jenga Analogy Ecosystems can be very fragile. The need support, security and redundancy. When you create an imbalance, it becomes very easy to topple something that used to be very robust. Actions have consequences.
- 7. 1. Producers (Plants) – “prey” - make their own food 1. Use sun’s energy to make own food 2. Photosynthesis stores energy in organism as carbohydrate 4 Biotic Components of an Ecosystem 2. Consumers- get energy from what they Eat 1. Primary consumers - Herbivores- eat producers (plants) 2. Secondary consumers- eat herbivores. Can be: Carnivores- meat eater Omnivores- meat and plant eater 3. Tertiary Consumers- top predator in an ecosystem
- 8. 3. Scavengers- eat and start the break-down of dead consumers 4 Biotic Components of an Ecosystem 4. Decomposers- break down remains to release nutrients back into environment
- 12. Ecosystem Complexity Ecosystems are much more complex than you would think.
- 13. (II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem) F. Symbiotic Relationships- close relationship between two organism that is important for survival of one or both 1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit- shark and remora 2. Parasitism- one organism is harmed while the other benefits, does not result in immediate death of the harmed organism- dog and heartworm 3. Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is not harmed- Viceroy Butterfly strongly resembles toxic Monarch
- 14. (III. Population Balance) A. Population Balance among producers and consumers is essential for preservation of an ecosystem. B. Carrying Capacity- the largest population of a species that an ecosystem can support over time. C. Changes to one population will impact other populations
- 15. (III. Population Balance) D. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic resource change that restricts the number of individuals in a population 1. Climate changes 2. Competition 3.Predation 4. Living Space 5. Food sources 6. Human interference
- 16. IV. Energy Relationships within Ecosystems A. Energy is conserved within an Ecosystem through the relationships among producers and consumers.
- 17. (IV. cont Energy Relationships within Ecosystems) B. Trophic or Energy Pyramid- a way to visually organize species in an ecosystem that shows how much energy is used and produced by different species in the ecosystem.
- 18. (IVB. cont. Trophic or Energy Pyramid) 1. Species that produce more energy than they use at the bottom level a. Greatest number of organism present at this bottom level b. Producers use photosynthesis 2. At each higher level, organisms require (consume) more and more energy and produce less and less energy a. Fewer total organisms at each successive higher level b. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Consumers 3. Species that use the most energy at the top level a. few in number b. Tertiary consumer
- 19. IVC. Trophic or Energy Web 1. A visual way to show how all species, both producers and consumers, in an ecosystem depend on each other. 2. Looks like a spider web 3. Different species of producers and consumers are connected to several other species they interact with by lines of the web. 4. Arrows indicate direction of energy flow and relationships among species
- 20. IV. Biodiversity A. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem B Factors that influence Biodiversity Warmer climate- closer to equator tends to increase biodiversity Moisture added to warmth leads to most biodiversity Tropical regions contain 2/3 of Earth’s species
- 22. How do we obtain empirical evidence? Since empirical evidence is obtained through experimentation, measurement and/or observation (EMO) … you must either engage in experimentation, measurement and/or observation - - or cite reliable sources that have done the EMO for you. How do we do these things when the populations we wish to study are not available to us?
- 23. New Seats! 7A 7B 7C 7D 2nd Period 1A Chris Onan 1B Brandon Lee 1C Tanner Ivey 1D Destiny Witt 2A Mallory Avila 2B Amber King 2C Drew Gaddie 2D Chanler Townsend 2E Anthony Eisenbeck 3A Bre Burton 3B Jakuri Thompson 3C Kaitlin Bishop 3D Shay Williams 4A Olivia Dorman 4B Bre Scyoc 4C Hannah Acton 4D Shamel Mooney 5A Carey Jo Jordan 5B Tyler Trent 5C Zachary Sheets 5D Kiah James 6A Allison Gardner 6B Yohari Salema 6C Sam Failauga 6D Hunter Watson
- 24. New Seats! 1A Tristan Baker 1B Darian Scott 1C Noah Gartland 1D Daniel Mitchel 2A Hannah Harrod 2B David Augustine 2C Dani Hernandez 2D Mahayla Way 3A Jackie Romo 3B Tyonna Davis 3C James Stovall 3D Bre Tindall 4A Ben Colorado 4B Rafael Vargas 4C Dustyn Patton 4D 5A Jason Kerr 5B Christina Raisor 5C Hannah Sanford 5D Jayson Myers 6A Hannah Stanger 6B Sarah Hooper 6C Julian Castillo 6D Taytum Bailey 7A Allyson Long 7B Ken Summers 7C Cortney Miller 7D Byron Palencia 3rd Period
- 25. New Seats! 7A Bailie Wells 7B Olivia Coffee 7C Dalton Revels 7D Casper 4th Period 1A Brady Crowe 1B Gage Goss 1C Abel Lopez 1D Justin England 2A Mazzie Smith 2B Nathan Pulliam 2C Ezekiel Harless 2D Dayna Horn 3A Alyssa Scrogham 3B Stephen OKelly 3C Shelby Cosper 3D Ethan Woods 4A Kaelin Van 4B Haleigh Muniz 4C Mollie Willis 4D Cameron Armstrong 5A Kiauna Hill 5B Tyaus Jones 5C Polly Alcantara 5D Ryan Goff 6A Casey Davis 6B Brandon Poe 6C Lauren Heckel 6D Alyssa Lemus
- 26. New Seats! 7A Casper 7B Casper 7C Casper 7D Casper 5th Period 1A Kat Keith 1B Jasmine Matlala 1C Dakota Hardin 1D Kaitlin Ewing 2A Hannah Combs 2B William Murray 2C Amy Noth 2D Waverly Bosco 3A MaKenzie Cerlan 3B Katherine Sigarin 3C Zoey Holland 3D Jose Carias 4A Katie Harris 4B Noel Mack 4C Paige Donovan 4D Jose Hernandez 5A Hannah Woods 5B Jasmine Heightchew 5C Ray Ray Stoudemire 5D Lalo Ramirez 6A Nathan Mays 6B Nicholas Tuggle 6C Noah Goodman 6D Lillie Wood
- 27. New Seats! 7A Isaiah Beck 7B 7C Dakota Price 7D 6th Period 1A Trivi Kennedy 1B Riley Merry 1C Mackenzie Martin 1D Louis Cervantes 2A Tia Richardson 2B 2C Alexis Beach 2D 3A Ashlyn Price 3B Jacob Donahue 3C Ashley Monroe 3D Ashley McHone 4A Amber McClease 4B Elizabeth Ivers 4C Maya Valenzuela 4D Tannar Yochum 5A Cameryn Cline 5B 5C Vanessa Porras 5D Carson Aldridge 6A Christopher Dean 6B 6C Porsha Murphy 6D
- 28. Exit Slip How do you think that changes in the fish population have affected the ecosystem of the river? Give a few examples from the article. Do you think the solution was effective? Do you have suggestions for improving the solution?
- 29. I. Parts of an Ecosystem A. Abiotic- nonliving parts of an ecosystem- Water, sun, soil, rocks B. Biotic – any living part of an ecosystem
- 30. (B. Continued- Biotic Factors) 1. Organism- living thing 2. Species- organisms with similar traits, who are able to reproduce among their group 1. Native Species- species present naturally 2. Introduced Species- species brought in to an ecosystem 3. Invasive species- non-native species that endangers the ecosystem by outcompeting or predation 4. Indicator species-a species whose presence, absence or general health indicates the overall balance and sustainability of an ecosystem 3. Population- all of one species living an an ecosystem
- 31. (B. Continued- Biotic Factors) 4. Community- all the different populations in an ecosystem 5. Ecosystem- a community of organisms and the Abiotic factors where they live 6. Habitat- where an organism physically lives, its home in the ecosystem 6. Niche- organism’s position within it’s community, includes habitat, status as producer or consumer, etc.
- 32. II. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem A. Producers- make their own food 1. Use sun’s energy to make own food 2. Photosynthesis stores energy in organism as carbohydrate
- 33. (II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem) B. Consumers- get energy from what they Eat 1. Primary consumers-Herbivores- eat producers (plant eaters) 2. Secondary consumers- eat herbivores Carnivore- meat eater Omnivore- meat and plant eater 3. Tertiary Consumers- top predator in an ecosystem
- 34. (II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem) C. Scavengers- eat and start the break-down of dead consumers D. Decomposers- break down remains to release nutrients back into environment
- 35. (II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem) E. Adaptations for survival- 1. Mimicry- resemble some other organism 2. Protective coloration- general color blends with surroundings 3. Camouflage- pattern of colors break up outline and blend in
- 36. (II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem) F. Symbiotic Relationships- close relationship between two organism that is important for survival of one or both 1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit- shark and remora 2. Parasitism- one organism is harmed while the other benefits, does not result in immediate death of the harmed organism- dog and heartworm 3. Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is not harmed- Viceroy Butterfly strongly resembles toxic Monarch
- 37. (III. Population Balance) A. Population Balance among producers and consumers is essential for preservation of an ecosystem. B. Carrying Capacity- the largest population of a species that an ecosystem can support over time. C. Changes to one population will impact other populations
- 38. (III. Population Balance) D. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic resource change that restricts the number of individuals in a population 1. Climate changes 2. Competition 3.Predation 4. Living Space 5. Food sources 6. Human interference
- 39. IV. Energy Relationships within Ecosystems A. Energy is conserved within an Ecosystem through the relationships among producers and consumers.
- 40. (IV. cont Energy Relationships within Ecosystems) B. Trophic or Energy Pyramid- a way to visually organize species in an ecosystem that shows how much energy is used and produced by different species in the ecosystem.
- 41. (IVB. cont. Trophic or Energy Pyramid) 1. Species that produce more energy than they use at the bottom level a. Greatest number of organism present at this bottom level b. Producers use photosynthesis 2. At each higher level, organisms require (consume) more and more energy and produce less and less energy a. Fewer total organisms at each successive higher level b. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Consumers 3. Species that use the most energy at the top level a. few in number b. Tertiary consumer
- 42. IVC. Trophic or Energy Web 1. A visual way to show how all species, both producers and consumers, in an ecosystem depend on each other. 2. Looks like a spider web 3. Different species of producers and consumers are connected to several other species they interact with by lines of the web. 4. Arrows indicate direction of energy flow and relationships among species
- 43. IV. Biodiversity A. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem B Factors that influence Biodiversity Warmer climate- closer to equator tends to increase biodiversity Moisture added to warmth leads to most biodiversity Tropical regions contain 2/3 of Earth’s species