about verb

1. Types and Usage

2. A verb is an action or express word.
It indicates the action in the present, past and future
tenses.

3. The placement of verb in English is quite different from most of
our regional languages
Subject + Verb + Object
I + eat + my breakfast

4. Transitive
A Transitive Verb requires an object to complete its
meaning.
Examples : --
(a) The hunter killed a bear.
(b) The scholar learned his lesson.
In ( a ) " bear " is the object of " killed ".
In ( b ) " lesson " is the object of " learned ".

5. Intransitive
An Intransitive Verb does not require an object to
complete its meaning.
Examples : --
( a ) He sleeps
( b ) We go.
No object can come after such verbs as " sleep ", " go "
etc

6. Auxiliary
An Auxiliary Verb is used to help main verb.
Auxiliary verbs always come before the main verb
( a ) I shall go.
( b ) We have come.
Note : A verb that is helped by an auxiliary verb is called a
Principal verb
In (a) " shall " is an auxiliary verb used to help the verb " go " to
form a future time.
In (b) " have " is an auxiliary verb used to help the verb " come "
to express a time partly past and partly present.
List:

7.  Auxiliary (Contd.)
• Generally questions with answers as Yes/No start
with an auxiliary verb
• Wh- questions use auxiliary verb
What, where, why, when, which, how
Wh-word+ auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
• In negative sentences the form taken is:
Auxiliary verb + not + main verb

8. My cousin going to Dubai tomorrow
He already left for work
Why you came late?
She saw you going in, isn’t it?
ANSWERS:
My cousin is going to Dubai tomorrow
He has already left for work
Why did you come late?
She saw you going in, didn’t she?

9. Base FormBase Form be do have
PresentPresent is/ am/ are do/ does has
PastPast was/ were did had
InfinitiveInfinitive to be to do to have
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
being doing having
Past ParticiplePast Participle been done had

10. Present –
Habitual Action – I wake up at 6 am every morning
Universal Truth – JAVA is a programming language
Facts or Generalization – California is not in the United
Kingdom
Scheduled events in near future – Campus recruitment
begins during the 7th
semester.
Past –
Action already completed – More than 800 students got
placed last year in sddic

11.  Infinitive –
 To + verb forms infinitives
 Past Participle –
 Formed by both regular and irregular verbs
 Used along with helping verbs such as has, have, had
 Example: The teacher had requested the students to maintain the
decorum of the class
 Present Participle –
 This is formed by adding -ing to the end of present verbs.
 It is used with forms of the verb to be, such as am, is, are, was, or were.
 This expresses an ongoing action

12. A regular verb forms we can add -d or -ed to the end
of its base form.
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the
end of its base form and the past is formed by adding
-ed.
If the base form verb ends with the letter -e, we can
add only -d for past form verb and remove the -e then
just add -ing for the present participle.

13. PresentPresent PastPast Past ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
book booked booked booking
erase erased erased erasing
form formed formed forming
infect infected infected infecting
pick picked picked picking
purchase purchased purchased purchasing
question questioned questioned questioning
recover recovered recovered recovering
remove removed removed removing
type typed typed typing

14. When a verb ends with a vowel followed by a
consonant, the last consonant is doubled before
adding -ing or -ed
Present (V1)Present (V1) Past (V2)Past (V2)
PastPast
ParticipleParticiple
(V3)(V3)
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
(V1-ing)(V1-ing)
allot allotted allotted allotting
bat batted batted batting
dot dotted dotted dotting
cancel cancelled cancelled cancelled

15.  Irregular verbs with similar present, past and past
participle forms
Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
beset beset beset besetting
broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcating
burst burst burst bursting
cast cast cast casting
put put put putting
read read read reading
set set set setting

16.  Irregular verbs with similar past and past
participle forms
Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
behold beheld beheld beholding
beseech besought besought beseeching
build built built building
deal dealt dealt dealing
say said said saying
sell sold sold selling
sit sat sat sitting
teach taught taught teaching

17.  Irregular verbs with similar present and past
participle forms
Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
come came come coming
overcome overcame overcome overcoming
run ran run running
outrun outran outrun outrunning
overrun overran overrun overrunning

18.  Irregular verbs with three distinct forms
Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
ParticipleParticiple
arise arose arisen arising
awake awoke awoken beseeching
blow blew blown blowing
choose chose chosen choosing
do did done saying
go went gone going
fly flew flown flying
give gave given giving
see saw seen seeing

19. Vowel changes from “i” to “a” to “u”
PresentPresent PastPast Past ParticiplePast Participle
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
shrink shrank shrunk
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
spring sprang sprung
swim swam swum
”

20. He asked had we had our food.
He asked if / whether we had had our food.
Explanation
We use a conjunction like if or whether to
introduce indirect yes/no questions. Note
that indirect questions have the same word
order as assertive sentences – that is, the
subject comes before the verb.

21. She asked him what was he doing.
She asked him what he was doing.
John asked to Peter why their father is angry.
John asked Peter why their father was angry.
Explanation
When the main clause is in the past tense, the
subordinate clause will also be in the past
tense.

22. He asked that what am I doing.
He asked what I was doing.
No one cared for the children after their mother died.
No one took care of the children after their mother died.
Explanation
The misuse of care for is very common and the sentences
given above need practice.

23. When we went there we found that the lion was
disappeared.
When we went there we found that the lion had
disappeared.
He said that his father died last year.
He said that his father had died last year.
I did not see him because he went out before I
arrived.
I did not see him because he had gone out before I
had arrived.

24. He got angry before I said a word.
He got angry before I had said a word.
I met a man who was my classmate 20 years ago.
I met a man who had been my classmate 20 years ago.
Explanation
The sentences given above are the examples of the
common failure to use the past perfect tense when
the time of one past tense verb is more past than that
of another.

25. He is waiting for you from 10 o’clock.
He has been waiting for you since 10 o’clock.
This man is sitting here for the last two hours.
This man has been sitting here for the last two hours.
 We are staying here since 1980.
 We have been staying here since 1980.
Explanation
To talk about actions and situations that started in the past
and have continued up to the present, we use the present
perfect continuous tense.

26. I am going to school by bus.
I go to school by bus.
 We are playing tennis every day.
 We play tennis every day.
Explanation
We use the simple present tense to talk about routines
and habits. Note that the present continuous tense is used
to talk about actions and situations that are going on at
the moment of speaking.

27. I said him to go.
I told him to go.
 She told that she would be coming.
 She said that she would be coming.
 She told me that she would be coming.
Explanation
We use tell with a personal object. We use said when
there is no personal object.
She suggested me to consult a doctor.
She suggested that I should consult a doctor. OR She
suggested consulting a doctor.

28. She told to me an interesting story.
She told me an interesting story.
Explanation - The verb tell is followed by an indirect object without
to.
She told that she wouldn’t come.
She told me that she wouldn’t come. OR She said that she wouldn’t
come.
Explanation - When used with a that-clause tell takes an indirect
object, while say does not.
I want that you should be my partner.
I want you to be my partner.
Explanation - The verb want cannot be used with a that-clause. It is
used with a to-infinitive.

29. We discussed about his plans.
We discussed his plans.
He described about the situation.
He described the situation.
I have ordered for two cups of coffee.
I have ordered two cups of coffee.
She requested for my help.
She requested my help.
Explanation - The verbs discuss, describe, order and
request are transitive verbs. They should be followed by
direct objects, and not prepositions.

30. 1. Go, fetch that pen.
Go and bring that book.
2. She sell see shells.
She sells sea shells.
3. She prefers tea than coffee.
She prefers tea to coffee.
4. People has always laughed at new ideas and daring experiments.
People have always laughed at new ideas and daring experiments.
5. All our staffs are trained and experienced.
All our staff is trained and experienced.
6. She don’t know but I do.
She doesn’t know, but I do.
7. Alms is given to beggars.
Alms are given to beggars.

31. 8. No news are good news.
No news is good news.
9. I taught French to her.
I taught her French.
10. They gave a prize to me.
They gave me a prize.
11. Please show to me the way.
Please show me the way.
12. He saved me from much trouble.
He saved me from trouble.
13. She sold her pen to me.
She sold me her pen

32. 15. The cows are milking.
The cows are being milked.
16. Honey is tasted sweet.
Honey tastes sweet.
17. The brush is feeling rough.
The brush feels rough.
18. We shall go equal.
We shall go equals.
19. Don’t resign yourself to fail.
Don’t resign yourself to failure.
20. Good be with the dead.
Better be with the dead.

33. 21. I had taken this than that.
I had rather taken this than that.
22. I had run than walk.
I had sooner run than walk.
23. I saw him to fight a hard battle.
I saw him fight a hard battle.
24. We began to eat to sit down.
Having sat down, we began to eat.
25. The joker did nothing but laughing.
The joker did nothing but laughed.