Investigatory project on Nutrelization of antacids.

1. Vinay Kumar
Class Xii A
Kendriya Vidyalaya
IFFCO Phulpur
VINAY KUMAR XII A

2. 1.CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
8. OBSERVATION
9. RESULT
10. PRECAUTION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
VINAY KUMAR XII A

3. KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA IFFCO PHULPUR
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that VINAY KUMAR, student of class XII-A has successfully
completed the research on project carried out in the computer lab under the
guidance of Mrs. SUMAN SHARMA (PGT Chemistry) during the year 2016-17 in
partial fulfillment of computer practical examination conducted by AISSCE, NEW
DELHI.
Signature of Chemistry Teacher Signature of Principal
Date: Signature of External Examiner
Roll No.
VINAY KUMAR XII A

4. In the accomplishment of this project
successfully, many people have best owned
upon me their blessings and the heart pledged
support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with
project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I
would like to thank my principal Mr. Raveendra
Ram and Chemistry teacher Mrs.Suman Sharma
whose valuable guidance has been the ones
that helped me patch this project and make it
full proof success his suggestions and his
instructions has served as the major
contributor towards the completion of the
project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and
friends who have helped me with their valuable
suggestions and guidance has been helpful in
various phases of the completion of the
project.
VINAY KUMAR XII A

5. To analyze the given samples of
commercial antacids by
determining the amount of
hydrochloric acid they can
neutralize.
5
VINAY KUMAR XII A

6. INTRODUCTION
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of
gastric fluid, which includes secretions of digestive
enzymes, mucous, and hydrochloric acid. The acidic
environment of the stomach makes it possible for
inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be
converted into active forms (i.e.
pepsinogen into pepsin),and acid is also
needed to dissolve minerals and kill
bacteria that may enter the stomach
along with food.
However, excessive acid production
(hyperacidity) results in the unpleasant
symptoms of heartburn and may contribute
to ulcer formation in the stomach lining.
Antacids are weak bases (most commonly
bicarbonates, hydroxides, and carbonates) that
neutralize excess stomach acid and thus alleviate
symptoms of heartburn.
The general neutralization reaction is:
Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) —> salts + H20
+ C02
VINAY KUMAR XII A

7. Stomach acid is very dangerous.
Stomach acid is highly acidic and has a
pH of 1.6. Stomach acid is hydrochloric
acid produced by the stomach. If there
is too much stomach acid it can cause
heartburn. One of the symptoms of
heartburn is a burning feeling in the
chest or abdomen.
An antacid is any substance that can
neutralize an acid. All antacids are bases.
The pH of a base is 7.1-14. All antacids
have chemical in them called a buffer.
When an antacid is mixed with an acid
the buffer tries to even out the acidity
and that is how stomach acid gets
neutralized. VINAY KUMAR XII A

8. 4.)DRUG NAMES
1. Aluminium hydroxide
2. Magnesium hydroxide
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Sodium bicarbonate
5. Bismuth subsalicylate
6. Ranitidine
3.)SOME FAMOUS ANTACIDBRANDS
• Alka-Seltzer
• Gaviscon
• Maalox (liquid)
• Milk of Magnesia
• Digene
• Eno
• Gelusil
• Gas-0-Fast
VINAY KUMAR XII A

9. Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e.
they buffer gastric acid,
raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach.
When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the
nerves in gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal
pain to the central nervous system. This
happens when these nerves are exposed, as in
peptic ulcers. Antacids are commonly used to
help neutralize stomach acid. The action of
antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts
with acid to form salt and water.
9VINAY KUMAR XII A

10. VINAY KUMAR XII A

11. 5.)SIDE EFFECTS
-Most people who take an antacid do not have any side-
effects. However, side-effects occur in a small number of users.
The most common are diarrhoea, constipation and belching.
•Aluminium hydroxide: may lead tothe formation of insoluble
aluminium phosphate complexes, hypophosphate and
osteomalacia. Aluminium containing drugs may cause
constipation.
•Magnesium hydroxide has a laxative property. Magnesium
may accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to hypo
magnesemia with cardiovascular and neurological
complications.
•Calcium compounds containing calcium may increase calcium
output in the urine, which might be associated to renal stones.
Calcium salts may cause constipation.
•Carbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in
turn may result in altered excretion of other drugs, and kidney
stones.
VINAY KUMAR XII A

12.  Various samples of antacids
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Sodium Carbonate
 Hydrochloric Acid
 Phenolphthalein
Chemicals REQUIRED
 Burette
 Pipette
 Titration Flask
 Measuring Flask
 Beakers
 Weight Box
 Fractional Weights
VINAY KUMAR XII A

13. PROCEDURE
1.Standardization of NaOH- First we will take
20 ml of 0.1m HCl and titrate it with
unknown concentration solution of NaOH to
find it’s concentration.
2.Determine the mass of antacid for analysis-
Since maximum of our antacids are tablet, so
we will pulverize and/or grind the antacid
tablet with a mortar and pestle. Measure
not more than 0.2g of the pulverized
commercial antacid tablet in a 250 ml
Erlenmeyer flask having a known mass.
3.Prepare the antacid for analysis- Pipette
40.0ml of standardize 0.1M HCl (stomach
acid equivalent) into the flask and swirl.
4. Prepare the burette for
titration- Prepare a clean burette. Rinse the
clean burette with two 3 to 5 ml portions
of a standard NaOH solution. Record the
actual molar concentration of the NaOH.
13VINAY KUMAR XII A

14. Fill the burette with the NaOH solution; be
sure no air bubbles are in the burette tip.
Wait for 30 seconds and then read its initial
volume.
5.Titrate the sample- Once the antacid
solution has cooled, titrate the sample with
the NaOH solution to a blue end point.
Watch closely, the endpoint may only take a
few milliliters, depending on the
concentration of the antacid in the sample.
When a single drop of NaOH solution changes
the sample solution from yellow to blue,
stop. Wait for 30 seconds and then read the
final volume of NaOH solution in the
burette.
a.)Repeat the titration of the same sample-
Refill the burette and repeat the
experiment.
b.)Analyze another antacid- Perform the
experiment, in duplicate, for another
antacid. Record all data on the report sheet.
14
VINAY KUMAR XII A

15. OBSERVATIONS
S.N
O
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrate
Volume
(ml)
Concord
ant Value
Initial Final
1. 20 0 11.2 11.2
11.2
2. 20 11.2 22.5 11.3
3. 20 22.5 33.7 11.2
S.N
O
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrate
Volume
(ml)
Concorda
nt Value
Initial final
1. 40 0 8.1 8.1
8.1
2. 40 8.1 16.3 8.2
3. 40 16.3 24.4 8.1
Table 1: Standardization of NaOH Soln. Using 0.1
M HCl
Table 2: Titration of GELUCIL using 0.1 M HCl
VINAY KUMAR XII A

16. S.N
O
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrate
Value
(ml)
Concor
dant
Value
Initial Final
1. 40 0 15.4 15.4
15.4
2. 40 15.4 30.
9
15.5
3. 40 30.9 46.
3
15.4
S.
NO
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrat
e
Value
(ml)
Concord
ant
Volume
Init
ial
Final
1. 40 0 13.3 13.3
13.3
2. 40 13.
3
26.
7
13.4
3. 40 26.
7
40 13.3
Table 3: Titration of DIGENE using 0.1 M HCl
Table 4: Titration of ENO using 0.1 M HCl
VINAY KUMAR XII A

17. S.N
O
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrate
Value
Concord
ant
Value
Initia
l
Final
1. 40 0 14.6 14.6
14.6
2. 40 14.6 29.3 14.7
3. 40 29.3 43.9 14.6
S.N
O
Pipette
Solution
(ml)
Burette
Solution
(ml)
Titrate
Value
(ml)
Concord
ant
Value
Initia
l
Final
1. 40 0 15.7 15.7
15.7
2. 40 15.7 31.5 15.8
3. 40 31.5 47.2 15.7
Table 5: Titration of OCID 20 using 0.1M HCl
Table 6: Titration of GAS-O-FAST using 0.1 M
HCl
1
7VINAY KUMAR XII A

18. RESULT
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Clearly from the graph Gelucil required
least amount of NaOH for reaching end
point thus it is more effective than other
antacid products used. Arranging in
descending order our antacids are in order
:-
Gelucil > ENO > Ocid 20
>Digene > Gas-O-Fast
18

19. PRECAUTIONS
 All apparatus should be clean
and washed properly.
 Burette and pipette must be
rinsed with the respective
solution to be put in them.
 Air bubbles must be removed
from the burette and jet.
 Last drop from the pipette
should not be removed by
blowing.
 The flask should not be rinsed
with any of the solution, which
are being titrated.
1
9VINAY KUMAR XII A

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Wikipedia-the free encyclopedia
 www.icbse.com
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.google.com
 Comprehensive Practical Manual in
chemistry for class XII
 Pradeep’s New Course Chemistry
 Chemistry NCERT Class XII Part II
VINAY KUMAR XII A