Virtual Infrastructure Overview

Virtual Infrastructure Overview
Module 2

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VMware vSphere: Overview
Course Introduction
Virtual Infrastructure Overview
Creating Virtual Machines
Allocating Resources to Business Functions
Migrating Virtual Machines
Distributing Virtual Machine Workloads
Monitoring the Virtual Datacenter

High Availability and Fault Tolerance
Extending VMware vSphere Capabilities

VMware vSphere: Overview – Revision A

2-2

Importance
Virtualization technology has revolutionized the computer industry
by lowering capital and operational costs, providing higher service
availability, and providing new data protection mechanisms. This
module introduces core virtualization concepts and VMware
vSphere®.


2-3

Learner Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
 Describe the core concepts of virtualization.
 Describe the main components of vSphere.
 Describe virtual network components.
 Describe datastores.


2-4

Physical Infrastructure

applications
operating system
physical host

Fibre
Channel

Ethernet

iSCSI
storage


NFS
storage

Network

Fibre Channel
storage

2-5

Virtual Infrastructure

virtual
machines
hypervisor
VMware ESXi™
host

Fibre
Channel

Ethernet

iSCSI
storage


NFS
storage

Network

Fibre Channel
storage

2-6

Physical Versus Virtual Architecture

physical architecture

virtual architecture

application

operating system

VMware vSphere

x86 architecture

x86 architecture


2-7

Hypervisor device emulation


2-8

Chipset Block Diagram


2-9

Device Emulation – Additional Info
Чипсет Intel 440BX
http://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/440bx.html

Intel 440BX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_440BX
List of Intel chipsets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets#Pentium_Pro.2FII.2FIII_chipsets
Hyper-V generation 2 virtual machines – part 1

http://blogs.technet.com/b/jhoward/archive/2013/10/24/hyper-v-generation-2-virtual-machinespart-1.aspx


2-10

Why Use Virtual Machines?
Virtual machine

Physical machine

Easy to move and copy:

Difficult to move or copy
Bound to a specific set of
hardware components




Often has a short life cycle

Easy to manage:

Requires personal contact
to upgrade hardware




Encapsulated into files
Independent of physical hardware

Isolated from other virtual machines
Insulated from hardware changes

Provides the ability to support
legacy applications

Allows servers to be consolidated


2-11

Virtualization Using a Bare-Metal Hypervisor

A bare-metal
hypervisor
system does
not require an
operating
system. The
hypervisor is
the operating
system.

ESXi uses a hypervisor architecture.


2-12

Resource Sharing

vSphere
x86
architecture


2-13

CPU Virtualization



application

operating system

vSphere

x86 architecture

x86 architecture


2-14

Hypervisor Systems classification


2-15

Full Virtualization with Binary Translation (BT)


2-16

Hardware Assisted Virtualization / Paravirtualization


2-17

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage



application
1GB

2GB

8GB

operating system

vSphere

x86 architecture

x86 architecture


2-18

Virtual Memory Concept


2-19

Hypervisor Memory Virtualization


2-20

Software Memory Virtualization (Shadow Pages)


2-21

Second Level Address Translation (SLAT – Nested Pages)


2-22

Hardware Virtualization – Additional Info
Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf
Update: Support for guest OS paravirtualization using VMware VMI to be retired from new products in 2010-2011

http://blogs.vmware.com/guestosguide/2009/09/vmi-retirement.html
Paravirtualization with ESX (din curiozitate, in versiunile noi lipseste)
http://www.virtuallifestyle.nl/2008/10/paravirtualization-with-esx/
Hardware Virtualization: the Nuts and Bolts
http://www.anandtech.com/show/2480/10
Hardware Virtualization; The Nuts and Bolts (Level 300)

http://www.dfisica.ubi.pt/~hgil/utils/Virtualization_Nuts.&.Bolts.html
In-depth Overview of x86 Server Virtualization Technology
http://www.cubrid.org/blog/dev-platform/x86-server-virtualization-technology/
Basics of Memory Management – Part 1
http://vmnomad.blogspot.com/2011/05/basics-of-memory-management.html
Basics of Memory Management - Part 2
http://vmnomad.blogspot.com/2011/05/basics-of-memory-management-part-2.html
Virtual Machines: Virtualizing Virtual Memory
http://corensic.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/virtual-machines-virtualizing-virtual-memory/


2-23

VMware ESXi vs Microsoft Hyper-V


2-24

Hypervisor Architecture

VMware ESXi


Microsoft Hyper-V

2-25

VMware ESXi vs Microsoft Hyper-V – Additional Info
Обновленное сравнение функциональных возможностей VMware vSphere 5.1 и инфраструктуры
Microsoft Hyper-V 3.0 в Windows Server 2012.
http://www.vmgu.ru/news/vmware-vsphere-51-hyper-v-windows-server-2012-comparison
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: high available VMs
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-high-available-vms/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: storage integration
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-storage-integration/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: live migrations
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/14/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-live-migrations/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: costs
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/17/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-costs/
vSphere 5 versus Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: Resource metering for chargeback
http://up2v.nl/2012/08/17/vsphere-5-versus-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-resource-metering-forchargeback/

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What Is VMware vSphere?
An infrastructure virtualization suite
that provides
virtualization, management, resource
optimization, application
availability, and operational
automation capabilities
It consists of the following
components:
 VMware ESXi
 VMware vCenter Server™
 VMware vSphere® Client™
 VMware vSphere® VMFS
 VMware vSphere® Virtual
Symmetric Multiprocessing


2-27

vSphere Networking

Virtual networking (vNetwork) capabilities optimally align physical
and virtual machine networking and provide the networking for hosts
and virtual machines.
vNetwork supports two types of virtual switches:
 vNetwork standard switches



•

Virtual switch configuration for a single host

vNetwork distributed switches

•

Virtual switches that provide a consistent network configuration for virtual
machines as they migrate across multiple hosts


2-28

What Is a Virtual Network? What Is a Virtual Switch?
A virtual network provides the networking for hosts and virtual
machines that use virtual switches.
A virtual switch:

 Directs network traffic between

application

application

application

virtual machines and links to
external networks.

operating system

operating system

operating system

Virtual
NIC

Virtual
NIC

 Combines the bandwidth of

Virtual
NIC

multiple network adapters and
balances traffic among them. It
can also handle physical
network interface card (NIC)
failover.

 Models a physical Ethernet

Physical NIC

switch:

•
•

A virtual machine’s NIC can
connect to a port.
Each uplink adapter uses one
port.

VMware vSphere:5 : Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A
vSphere Overview – Revision A

physical
switch
ports

External World

2-29

Benefits of Distributed Virtual Switches
Benefits of distributed switches over standard switches:







Simplify datacenter administration
Provide support for private VLANs, Port mirroring, Netflow, Network I/O
Control

Enable networking statistics and policies to migrate with virtual machines
during a migration using VMware vMotion™
Provide for customization and third-party development

vSwitch

vSwitch

vSwitch

Distributed Virtual Switch

distributed switches

standard switches

2-30

vSphere Storage Choices

ESXi hosts

datastore

NFS

VMware vSphere VMFS

types
File
system

storage
technology

Direct
Attached


Fibre
Channel

FCoE

iSCSI

NAS

2-31

VMFS and NFS Datastores

A datastore is a logical storage
unit, which can use disk space on one
physical device or one disk partition, or
span several physical devices.

Types of datastores:
 VMFS
 Network File System (NFS)

ESXi host

VM content

Datastores are used to hold virtual
machines, templates, and ISO images.

datastore

volume


2-32

Management Made Easy

The vSphere Client allows
you to centrally manage
your vSphere
environment.

At the login screen, enter:
 Host name or IP address
of the vCenter Server
system
 Windows user and
password


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User Interfaces

ESXi
host

vSphere Client
vCenter
Server

Your
desktop


Web Client

2-34

Navigating the vSphere Client

menu bar

search box

Home page

navigation bar


2-35

Viewing vCenter Server Inventory

The vCenter Server inventory panels organize objects into a hierarchy.
Hosts and Clusters

Datastores

VMs and Templates

Networks


2-36

Lab 1

In this lab, you will become familiar with the vSphere Client user
interface.
 Use the vSphere Client to log in to vCenter Server.
 Navigate through the vCenter Server inventory.
 View licensing information.


2-37

Review of Learner Objectives

You should be able to do the following:
 Describe the core concepts of virtualization.
 Describe the main components of vSphere.
 Describe virtual network components.
 Describe datastores.


2-38

Key Points






Virtual infrastructure allows dynamic mapping of compute, storage, and
network resources to business applications.
Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run
concurrently on a single computer within virtual machines.
vSphere aggregates physical hardware resources and provides virtual
resources to the datacenter.


2-39

Virtual Infrastructure Overview

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