9. pH Affects Nutrient Uptake 6.3 – 7.3 is the sweet spot for optimal nutrient availability, uptake and ultimately plant health As you can see in the chart, Nutrient availability tapers off according to pH levels
10. Pink, Purple and Green, a new Market Irrigation water is primary source of bicarbonate and salt issues At the right you can see that hard water is an issue across most of the US. pH and bicarbonate issues occur even in yellow areas and are based on local conditions Basics of Bicarbonate and Salts
16. Soil clay particles can be unattached to one another ( dispersed ) or clumped together ( flocculated ) in aggregates. Soil aggregates are cemented clusters of sand, silt, and clay particles. Dispersed Particles Flocculated Particles
17. Flocculation is important because water moves mostly in large pores between aggregates. Also, plant roots grow mainly between aggregates.
18. In all but the sandiest soils, dispersed clays plug soil pores and impede water infiltration and soil drainage.
19. Most clay particles have a negative electrical charge. Like charges repel, so clay particles repel one another. Negatively charged clay particle Negatively charged clay particle
20. A cation is a positively charged molecule. Common soil cations include sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), and calcium (Ca 2+ ). Cations can make clay particles stick together (flocculate). Negatively charged clay particle Negatively charged clay particle +
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23. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Na + SAR Aggregate stability (dispersion and flocculation) depends on the balance (SAR) between (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) and Na + as well as the amount of soluble salts (EC) in the soil. EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + + ++ ++ + + Lower EC Higher EC
24. Na + SAR Soil particles will flocculate if concentrations of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) are increased relative to the concentration of Na + (SAR is decreased). Flocculated soil Dispersed soil Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ EC + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
25. Na + SAR Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Soil particles will disperse if concentrations of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) are decreased relative to the concentration of Na + (SAR is increased). EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil + + + ++ ++ ++ + + + +
26. Soil particles may disperse if the amount of soluble salts in the soil is decreased (i.e. if EC is decreased). Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Na + SAR Lower EC Higher EC EC Flocculated soil Dispersed soil ++ ++ ++ + + +
27. Soils can be classified by the amount of soluble salts (EC) and sodium status (SAR). This classification can tell us something about soil structure. >4 <4 >4 <4 EC Flocculated >13 Saline-Sodic Dispersed >13 Sodic Flocculated <13 Saline Flocculated <13 Normal Condition SAR Soil Classification
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Notas do Editor
Minimal disruption with maximum root zone modification.
Any area on the map that is pink, purple or green represents an area of potential use for the acid/ Profile. It’s not totally accurate but does give an idea of the problem. The possibility of using a product to target problem areas allows everyone to take advantage of the technology.
Chelation (from Greek χηλή, chelè , meaning claw; pronounced [ˌki:ˈleɪʃən]) is the binding or complexation of a bi- or multidentate ligand . These ligands, which are often organic compounds , are called chelants, chelators, chelating agents, or sequestering agent . The ligand forms a chelate complex with the substrate. The term is reserved for complexes in which the metal ion is bound to two or more atoms of the chelating agent, although the bonds may be any combination of coordination or ionic bonds .
In A horizons, where organic matter levels are high and there is a lot of biological activity (earthworms, ants, termites, microbes, etc.) particles tend to be arranged in small, round aggregates or granules. This type of structure is common in the surface horizons of many forest and prairie soils
In A horizons, where organic matter levels are high and there is a lot of biological activity (earthworms, ants, termites, microbes, etc.) particles tend to be arranged in small, round aggregates or granules. This type of structure is common in the surface horizons of many forest and prairie soils
Here is a schematic diagram of a negatively charged clay particle surrounded by cations. The soil liquid (soil solution) contains dissolved cations and anions. The concentration of cations is much greater close to the particle surface than in the bulk soil solution. The cations are not bonded to the clay, but just attracted to the surface. Conversely anions are repelled by negatively charged clays, so the concentration of anions is greater in the bulk soil solution than close to a clay particle.
Here is a schematic diagram of a negatively charged clay particle surrounded by cations. The soil liquid (soil solution) contains dissolved cations and anions. The concentration of cations is much greater close to the particle surface than in the bulk soil solution. The cations are not bonded to the clay, but just attracted to the surface. Conversely anions are repelled by negatively charged clays, so the concentration of anions is greater in the bulk soil solution than close to a clay particle.
The treated water dropped to 5.98 initially then rose to 6.51pH after 2 flushes.
Salts are expressed in micromhos per centimeters. 1000 micromhos = 1 millimhos. 1 millimhos x 640 = ppm TDS. ( parts per million Total dissolved solids ). The data shows the initial flush with treated water released 1280 umhos/cm or 819 ppm salts. Subsequent flushes with untreated water show the salt level building back to the natural level of the water.
The expected result would be a decrease in soil salt levels and a corresponding increase in leachate salts. This is exactly what happened in three replications
