xAPI 101
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An introduction to xAPI presented at TorranceLearning's xAPI Party in Chelsea, MI, on July 24, 2015 and December 3, 2015.
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xAPI 101
- 2. It’s really more than one question. 1. What does it do? 2. Why do we need it? - Where is it used? - When is it used? 3. Who is it for? 4. How does it fit into what I already know and am already doing?
- 3. What does xAPI do? Answer #1 It tracks (learning) experiences
- 4. What is SCORM? • Time • Score • Location • Status • Answers
- 5. What else does xAPI do? Answer #2 It records more (learning) experiences to give a more rich picture of development.
- 6. q Tour q Explore benefit package q Meet actual people q Attend webinar q Attend a class q Rate your experience q Complete online course q Observe q Receivecoaching q Watch a video q Follow a blog q Read a book Elearning: Welcome Elearning: Log into LMS Elearning: Plant tour Class: Yourbenefits & you Class: Using yourEmail Elearning: Who’s who Elearning:Ourcustomers Class: Finance 101 Recorded webinar Webinar Multiple choice test q Participate q Job shadow Class: Using the intranet Company BCompany A q q q q q q q q q q q q
- 7. Why do we need it? • Learn more about the learning experience • Learn more about the performance • Correlate learning with performance & results • Offer more targeted training • Support performance in better ways • Learn from others • Share learning with others • Compare performance and learning across learners • Deliver and track training outside of the LMS
- 8. Where & when do we use it? • It depends on your needs & goals. • The following models are based on: • The nature of the experience • The nature of transactions • The context of the situation • The purpose for the evaluation • Who the initiator of the transaction is
- 9. The experience is … Social • Activity is (can be) shared with and followed by others • Activity is consumed horizontally across the organization • Encourages learning from others (high performers) Personal • Activity is (relatively) private • Activity is primarily consumed by the learner and vertically with leaders S P
- 10. The transactions are… Predictable • We know the triggers and when to expect them • We know the possible range of statements Variable • Triggers are “random” or at least not prescribed • Verbs and direct objects are unknown until used P V
- 11. The context is … Learning • Transactions document the learning process and/or performance simulations • Source of transactions has (often) been created by the L&D team Performance • Transactions document actual performance • Source of transactions has been created by (or in) another source and sent to or imported by the learning system L P
- 12. The initiator is … The learner • The learner chooses when to document the experience. An observer • An observer chooses when to document the experience. The environment • The experience is documented behind the scenes. The learner may not be overtly aware of it. L O E
- 13. The evaluation is … Formative • What do you know? What don’t you know? • Data is used to determine learning gaps (and ultimately fill them). Summative • What have you learned? What can you do with it? • Data used to certify that learning has happened. F S
- 14. Experienceis…Transactionsare..Contextis…Initiatoris…Evaluationis… Traditional SCORM Elearning • Learners access elearning in a learning management system (LMS). • Important metrics include completion, score, status, location. E L P P ersonal redictable earning nvironment S ummative
- 15. q Tour q Explore benefit package q Meet actual people q Attend webinar q Attend a class q Rate your experience q Complete online course q Observe q Receivecoaching q Watch a video q Follow a blog q Read a book Elearning: Welcome Elearning: Log into LMS Elearning: Plant tour Class: Yourbenefits & you Class: Using yourEmail Elearning: Who’s who Elearning:Ourcustomers Class: Finance 101 Recorded webinar Webinar Multiple choice test q Participate q Job shadow Class: Using the intranet Company BCompany A q q q q q q q q q q q q
- 16. Experienceis…Transactionsare..Contextis…Initiatoris…Evaluationis… The learning to do list • Personal learning checklist • The learner has a checklist of things to accomplish as part of a curriculum. • SCORM and non-SCORM items can be on the checklist. • Two-way communication with the LRS means the learner can initiate some checks, and others can be gathered “hands-free.” L L P P F ersonal redictable earning earner ormative
- 17. Experienceis…Transactionsare..Contextis…Initiatoris…Evaluationis… The marauder’s map • Leave a trail for later • As the learner progresses through a large body of knowledge, annotated bookmarks mark a path for later. • Others can see or follow the path. • Comments can be analyzed for meaning. • High performers can be followed. • Creates a personalized & transferrable performance support. • L&D can see who uses what, what needs to be changed. L L V S ? ocial ariable earning earner
- 18. Experienceis…Transactionsare..Contextis…Initiatoris…Evaluationis… The ultimate scoreboard • Track performance that happened. • Data that reflects actual results is fed from a business system to the learning system. • It doesn’t actually track learning, it tracks doing or the results of doing. • It can be done at any time, including historically. • Typically this underpins work that is performed in a system or in something that’s tracked already. E P P P S ersonal redictable erformance nvironment ummative
- 19. Experienceis…Transactionsare..Contextis…Initiatoris…Evaluationis… The Fitbit® of learning • Track performance as it happens. • As the learner is doing the work, activity statements keep track of what’s happening. • It doesn’t actually track learning, it tracks doing. • It’s real time. • Typically this underpins work that is performed in a system or in something that’s tracked already. E P P P erformance nvironment F ormative ersonal redictable
- 20. Who is xAPI for? • Decision Makers • Instructional Designers • Developers
- 21. Claire read Business Writing for Professionals John practiced frosting birthday cakes Lindsey watched the Company History video Luke completed Oil Change Upselling Actor verb object Actor verb object context
- 22. Anne wrote a blog post about local theatre that got 45 views and 3 comments Lindsey rated A2ATD event xAPI Technology Competency @LearnShare @MMTorrance 4 stars “coffee rocked, room was cold” Claire read Business Writing for Professionals John practiced frosting birthday cakes Josh watched the Company History video Luke completed Oil Change Upselling Cynthia completed Oil Change Upselling score 60% Tonya simulated landing at DTW Molly simulated landing at DTW in SimSuite #4 and was rated 98% by Instructor
- 23. Where it gets a little tricky • Verbs need to mean the same thing to everyone (http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/ind ex.html or https://registry.tincanapi.com/#) • So much data, so little structure
- 24. SCORM is “structured” SCORM has “buckets” for everything it needs to store.. like an Excel spreadsheet. So where do you put “experience” data? It doesn’t fit the mold! Learner Course Time Score Status Houck, R Compliance 101 28 M 85 Pass Simpson, H Compliance 101 35 M 90 Pass Torrance, M Compliance 101 26 M 70 Fail
- 25. xAPI is “unstructured” • Unlike SCORM, the system doesn’t need to understand what data is being stored ahead of time. • This allows storage of information that was previously impossible (or really, really hard) to collect.
- 27. How does it fit into what I already know and am already doing? What questions do you have? Who’d like help thinking through an xAPI case for their organization?
Editor's Notes
- SCORM is just fine if everything you need to learn and track can be housed in your LMS. And you only learn when you’re connected to the internet and logged into the LMS.
- I like to think of it as a grammar
- Welcome to your new job. You’ve been hired into Company A or Company B. Which new hire onboarding would you rather have? Company A’s approach works when you’ve got a large number of people you care about tracking. It doesn’t work so well if you want them to do too much in their first 2 weeks on the job – they’re just sitting and “being trained” … they’re not doing. If you can just pour knowledge into heads, this works. And you can track completion rates, scores, participation, time spent in training – you know these raw stats at any point in time. That’s the beauty of your LMS. Company A’s approach assumes that everything you need to learn can be done inside the LMS, or at least in a classroom where the instructor records your participation in the LMS. Company B’s approach is a much more action-focused, experienced based way to learn. This is way more interesting, and way more effective. It works when you’re small – you don’t have a lot of people, you don’t care about tracking really carefully … because typically you can’t track this much stuff, this much variety, at scale … not without a lot of brute force programming. And that doesn’t give you much flexibility. So which one is better?
- Welcome to your new job. You’ve been hired into Company A or Company B. Which new hire onboarding would you rather have? Company A’s approach works when you’ve got a large number of people you care about tracking. It doesn’t work so well if you want them to do too much in their first 2 weeks on the job – they’re just sitting and “being trained” … they’re not doing. If you can just pour knowledge into heads, this works. And you can track completion rates, scores, participation, time spent in training – you know these raw stats at any point in time. That’s the beauty of your LMS. Company A’s approach assumes that everything you need to learn can be done inside the LMS, or at least in a classroom where the instructor records your participation in the LMS. Company B’s approach is a much more action-focused, experienced based way to learn. This is way more interesting, and way more effective. It works when you’re small – you don’t have a lot of people, you don’t care about tracking really carefully … because typically you can’t track this much stuff, this much variety, at scale … not without a lot of brute force programming. And that doesn’t give you much flexibility. So which one is better?
- Finbert the Gnome
- what we pitched to BadBoy re: FAR regulations, ePub-It
- John Crane
- Altair
- Lets go back to that structured/unstructured concept that Megan talked about.. Databases like to be neat and tidy.. A place for everything and everything has a place. But we really can’t create a place for *anything*..
- So xAPI is “unstructured” but not “illogical”… We don’t NEED a course loaded in the system to understand data.. We don’t need to know ahead of time you’re going to send something. This is an incredibly freeing concept – and one that throws a lot more onerous on ISD’s (I think that’s the right term?) to think about their data. We haven’t really had to do that before!