Lesson Plan KD 3.3 (2nd meeting)

1. ENGLISH SUBJECT MATTER: MICROTEACHING
NURUL ATHIRAH ARBI
111 4040 168
ICP A 2011
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
LESSON PLAN
NUTRITION AND DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

2. LESSON PLAN
A. Competence Standard :
3. Describe the structure and function of human organs and certain animals,
abnormalities/diseases that may occur as well as the implications.
B. Basic Competence :
3.3. Explain the relationship between structure, function, and processes as well as
disorders/diseases that may occur in the digestive system.
C. Indicators :
1. Explain the definition of human digestive system.
2. Mention the organs of human digestive system.
3. Explain the process of human digestive system.
D. Learning Objectives :
Students are able to:
1. Students can explain the definition of human digestive system.
2. Students can mention the organs of human digestive system.
3. Students can explain the process of human digestive system.
E. Approach, Model, and Learning Method
• Approach : Scientific Approach
• Learning Model : Students Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD)
• Learning Methods : Speech, discussion and questioning
F. Learning Materials
1. The definition of human digestive system
School Identity : SMA XX Makassar
Subject Identity : Biology
Class/Semester : XI/2
Time Allocation : 1 X 45 minutes
School Identity : SMA XX Makassar
Subject Identity : Biology
Class/Semester : XI/2
Time Allocation : 1 X 45 minutes

3. Digestion is the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which
the body uses for energy, growth and cell repair needed to survive. The digestion
process also involves creating waste to be eliminated.
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into
energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through a long tube
inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). In
order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller
molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste.
2. Organs of human digestive system
a. Mouth - The digestive process begins in the mouth. Food is partly broken down by
the process of chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes (these
enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and break down starches into smaller
molecules).
b. Esophagus - After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus.
The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses
rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the
throat into the stomach. This muscle movement gives us the ability to eat or drink
even when we're upside-down.
c. Stomach - The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food and bathes it
in a very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the stomach that is partly digested and
mixed with stomach acids is called chyme.
d. Small intestine - After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the first
part of the small intestine. It then enters the jejunum and then the ileum (the final
part of the small intestine). In the small intestine, bile (produced in the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes
produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food.
e. Large intestine - After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the
large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals
like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like Bacteroides,
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large intestine
help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the cecum
(the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the
ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes

4. back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the
sigmoid colon.
f. The end of the process - Solid waste is then stored in the rectum until it is excreted
via the anus.
3. Based on the process, the digestion of food can be divided into two types that are:
a. Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth as your teeth tear and grind food into
small bits and pieces you can swallow without choking. The muscular walls of your
esophagus, stomach, and intestines continue mechanical digestion, pushing the food
along, churning and breaking it into smaller particles.
b. Chemical digestion occurs at every point in the digestive system, beginning when
you see or smell food. These sensory events set off nerve impulses from your eyes
and nose that trigger the release of enzymes and other substances that will
eventually break down food to release the nutrients inside. The body then burns
these nutrients for energy or uses them to build new tissues and body parts.
Stages of food processing:
1. Ingestion: the art of eating!
Ingestion is the process of the food entering the mouth. (Ingestion is eating.)
2. Digestion is the process of breaking food into small molecules that can be absorbed
into the blood stream later. Enzymes are a type of protein that speed up chemical
reactions. Enzymes are found in the stomach to speed up the rate of digestion.
Digestion happens via 2 processes:
a. Mechanical digestion
b. Chemical digestion
3. Absorption is the process of the food molecules being absorbed into the blood
stream from the small intestines.
4. Elimination is the discarding of waste from the body.
a. Solid is called feces
b. Liquid is called urine
G. Source / Learning Materials
1. Riandari, Henny. 2009. Theory and Application of Biologi 2. Solo: PT. Tiga Serangkai
Pustaka Mandiri. Pages: 204-213.
2. Internet: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/digestive/. Accessed on
June, 14th
2015. Makassar.

5. H. Teaching Materials
1. White board
2. Board marker
3. Laptop and LCD
4. Video about human digestive system
I. Learning Steps
Phase of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)
2rd
meeting

6. Phase
Behavior Time
AllocationTeacher Student
Pre learning
• Teacher greeting
• teacher absent the
students
• Students answering
greetings
• Students answered
Early Activities
1st
Phase:
Presents the
objectives and
motivate students
• Teachers present all the
learning objectives
• Teachers provide
apperception "what
happens after the cake
into the mouth?" What
the feeling
• Students listen to and
record the learning
objectives
• Students answer a
teacher's question by
relating the events
that are known from
the surrounding
environment
3 minutes
2nd
Phase
Presenting
information
• The teacher presents
information to students
about the digestive
system
• Students observe and
record important
information
presented teachers
5 minutes
3rd
Phase
Organize students
into learning
groups
• The teacher showed a
flash player about
digestive system
• Divide students into
five groups of
heterogeneous
• Students attention to
the video shown by
the teacher
• Students move with
his group
5 minutes
Main Activity
4th
Phase:
Guiding study
groups and
working
• Teacher gives
worksheets to students
for discussion and
presentation
• Teachers guide and
supervise the discussion
• Students receive
worksheets
provided by the
teacher
• Students work on
worksheets that
teachers shared
10 minutes
5th
Phase:
Evaluation
• Teachers refer students
who will make
presentations
• Students present the
results of their
discussion
5 minutes

7. J. Assessment
a. Discussion and Presentation (psychomotor and affective assesment)
b. Quis (after discussion and group presentasion)
Makassar, June 2015
Known by,
Headmaster of SMAN XX Makassar Biology Teacher,
………………………………………… Nurul Athirah Arbi
NIP. ……………………………………. ID. 111 4040 168

8. Question :
Answer the following questions with the right answer!
1. Explain the process of digesting that happens in humans mouth cavity!
2. How can the foods getting into through throat arrive at stomach!
3. Explain the kinds of enzyme in the duodenum!

9. Answer:
1. In the mouth there are teeth, tongue and saliva glands. The foods are cut and chewed
by the teeth. Instead of teeth, in our mouth there are salivary glands. The salivary
glands produce the saliva that is the alkaline transparent liquid and contains mucin and
amylase enzyme. The digestive system using the saliva is called chemical (enzymatic)
digestive system. The secretion of saliva by salivary glands is stimulated by the
existence of the foods in the mouth, seeing, smelling and thinking about the foods. The
tongue is used to taste the foods we eat, place the foods in the mouth, help to stir up
the foods and push the foods in order to be easily swallowed in to the esophagus.
2. The throat is a duct that connects the cavity of mouth to the stomach. When the foods
are swallowed, it takes place peristaltic motion, that is the motion of kneading the
foods, so that the foods are pushed to the stomach. The inner part of the throat is
always getting wet, it is because the fluid that is produced by gland lying on the throat
walls. That fluid has a function to make easy or smooth out the foods to move to the
stomach.
3. In the duodenum, resulting enzyme from the intestinal wall. The enzyme needed to
digest food chemically:
a. Enterokinase, to enable peptidase, which is produced by the pancreas trypsinogen
to trypsin, and activating erepsinogen be Erepsin
b. Trypsin change peptone to amino acids and glycerol
c. Erepsin or dipeptidase, to change or peptone dipeptide into amino acids;
d. Disakarase, change the disaccharide into monosaccharides, namely:
1) Maltose change the maltose into glucose + glucose
2) sucrose transform sucrose into fructose + glucose
3) lactose convert lactose into glucose + galactose
e. Lipase, change triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

10. Answer:
1. In the mouth there are teeth, tongue and saliva glands. The foods are cut and chewed
by the teeth. Instead of teeth, in our mouth there are salivary glands. The salivary
glands produce the saliva that is the alkaline transparent liquid and contains mucin and
amylase enzyme. The digestive system using the saliva is called chemical (enzymatic)
digestive system. The secretion of saliva by salivary glands is stimulated by the
existence of the foods in the mouth, seeing, smelling and thinking about the foods. The
tongue is used to taste the foods we eat, place the foods in the mouth, help to stir up
the foods and push the foods in order to be easily swallowed in to the esophagus.
2. The throat is a duct that connects the cavity of mouth to the stomach. When the foods
are swallowed, it takes place peristaltic motion, that is the motion of kneading the
foods, so that the foods are pushed to the stomach. The inner part of the throat is
always getting wet, it is because the fluid that is produced by gland lying on the throat
walls. That fluid has a function to make easy or smooth out the foods to move to the
stomach.
3. In the duodenum, resulting enzyme from the intestinal wall. The enzyme needed to
digest food chemically:
a. Enterokinase, to enable peptidase, which is produced by the pancreas trypsinogen
to trypsin, and activating erepsinogen be Erepsin
b. Trypsin change peptone to amino acids and glycerol
c. Erepsin or dipeptidase, to change or peptone dipeptide into amino acids;
d. Disakarase, change the disaccharide into monosaccharides, namely:
1) Maltose change the maltose into glucose + glucose
2) sucrose transform sucrose into fructose + glucose
3) lactose convert lactose into glucose + galactose
e. Lipase, change triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids