Chemistry Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Atoms: the Building Blocks of Matter

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Let’s look at helium , He. It has an atomic number of 2, which means that is has 2 protons in it’s nucleus.

Atomic Structure Here are the basics; you need to know these. 1 H 1.0076 Hydrogen Atomic Number ( Z ) : the number of protons (p + ) Atomic Mass : the number of protons (p + ) + the number of neutrons (n 0 ) ▪ measured in atomic mass units (amu) which is one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. ▪ the mass of electrons (1/1860 p + ) is negligible. Number of Neutrons : the atomic mass - the atomic number Atomic Number Atomic Symbol Atomic Mass

Lets practice! Find the missing information? 8 15.999 amu O 2 2 He 39.948 amu 18 Ar Neutrons Electrons Protons Atomic Mass Atomic # Element

The Famous Gold Foil Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object]

Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons ,[object Object]

Mass Numbers of Hydrogen Isotopes ,[object Object]

The Mole: A Measurement of Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Mole (aka Avagadro’s Number) : 6.02 x 10 23

The Mole and Avogadro’s Number ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

But Why the Mole? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples: 6.02 x 10 23 Ca 2+ Ion Calcium ion 6.02 x 10 23 H 2 O Molecule Water 6.02 x 10 23 N Atom Atomic nitrogen Representative Particles in 1.00 mol Chemical Formula Representative Particle Substance

Solve Representative Particles in 1.00 mol Formula Unit Representative Particle Substance Molecule C Carbon Molecule C 12 H 22 O 11 Sucrose Molecule CaF 2 Calcium Fluoride Molecule N 2 Nitrogen gas

Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How many atoms are in a mole? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solve: How many atoms are in a mole of ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How many moles of magnesium is 1.25 x 10 23 atoms of magnesium? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molar mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Molar Mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculating the Molar Mass of Compounds (Molecular and Ionic) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is the molar mass (gfm) of ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Practice Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answers ,[object Object],[object Object]

Volume of a Mole of Gas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Terms to Know ,[object Object],[object Object]

An 8.20 g piece of magnesium combines completely with 5.40 g of oxygen to form a compound. What is the percent composition of this compound? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculate the percent composition of propane (C 3 H 8 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculate the mass of carbon in 52.0 g of propane (C 3 H 8 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Calculating Empirical Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Empirical Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 25.9% nitrogen and 74.1% oxygen? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Determine the Empirical Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculating Molecular Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object]

Calculate the molecular formula of the compound whose molar mass is 60.0 g and empirical formula is CH 4 N. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Practice Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Practice Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemistry Chapter 3

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Chemistry Chapter 3