Tibet's history

TIBET/XIZANG Improve your knowledge… Aurélien Avignon Benoit Vanmoer

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Superlative Tibet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3,679 ascents, by 2,436 individuals… and 210 deaths

Superlative Tibet ,[object Object],[object Object],Mount Everest Monastery and Pagoda

Superlative Tibet ,[object Object],[object Object]

Geography EVEREST Lhassa Tibet Autonomous Region Belgium

Geography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Geography ,[object Object],Ouïghurs Hans Mongols Mandchous Tibetans

Demography ,[object Object],2,616,000 inhabitants 93% of Tibetans 6% of Hans 1% other (Mongols…)

Demography ,[object Object],1950-1957 : Bilingual education 1958-1977 : Chinese-monopolistic language policy 1978-present : Back to bilingual education, also at an high level

History 127 B.C. 846 A.D. 1260 A.D. Songtsen Gampo (6l7-698 A.D.) Golden Age Married Princess Wencheng (introduction of Buddhism) Introduction of Tibetan writing Empire 645

History 127 B.C. 846 A.D. 1260 A.D. Uprise Buddhism persecution Division into several kingdoms Empire 846

History 127 B.C. 846 A.D. 1260 A.D. Conquest by Khans Appointement of Sakya Pandita Viceroy of Tibet Vassal state of Mongols Tibet spiritual influence><Mongol military influence Empire 1260

History 1368 1644 1912 First Dalai Lama 1391 1385 First Panchen Lama 1839-1901 Opium Wars 1645 Potala

History 1368 1644 1912 1950 English expedition from India to Tibet Execution of remaining Sino-Mongol protection forces ~12,000 killed Forced to pay compensations & to trade with England 1904

A friendly theocratic Serfdom? Aristocrats in Lhassa The Three rulling categories Aristocrat house

A friendly theocratic Serfdom? Serfs harvesting barley in the burning sun Serf with eyes gouged by owners Hands cut by serf owners Beg with shackles Instrument of torture

History 1368 1644 1912 1950 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1950

History 1368 1644 1912 1950 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1959

History 1368 1644 1912 1950 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1965

Politics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Economic view ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cultural aspects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mosque in Lhassa

Cultural aspects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thangka Mandalas Thangka Mandalas

A controversial issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A controversial issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxx/337_343.html

A controversial issue ,[object Object],http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxx/337_343.html

A controversial issue ,[object Object]

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A controversial issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tibet's history

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Tibet's history