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LIBRO DE GRAMÁTICA
      Por Taloradora
TABLA DE CONTENIDOS
1.   Pagina Titulada

2. Indice de Materiales

3. Presente (-AR; -ER; -IR)

4. Los Verbos con Cambios de Raíz

5. Los Irregulares de “Yo”

6. Ser y Estar

7. Ser y Estar con Adjectivos

8. Los Verbos Como Gustar
EL PRESENTE
Present Tense is used to express habitual actions that will take
place in the near future.
    -AR                -ER/IR
  -o     -amos        -o      -emos/
                               imos
                                        Examples:
  -as                                   Bailar
                      -es
                                        Tú bailes bien.
  -a       -an         -e       -en     (You dance well.)
                                        Comer
  SUBJECT PRONOUNS                      Yo como muchos tacos.
        Yo (I)       Nosotros/as        (I eat many tacos.)
                        (We)            Salir
         Tú                             Nosotros salimos de la
   (You- informal)                      escuela.
    El/Ella/Usted    Ellos/Ellas/       (We leave the school.)
    (He/She/You-     Ustedes
       formal)       (They, You
                     all)
LOS VERBOS CON CAMBIOS
                    DE RAÍZ
                   (o-ue)                               (e-i)
         Puedo              Podemos              Pido           Pedimos

         Puedes                                 Pides
Poder




                                       Pedir
         Puede              Pueden               Pide            Piden


                   (e-ie)                 Jugar has a u-ue stem
         Pienso             Pensamos      change in all but the
                                          nosotros form; incluir and
         Piensas
Pensar




                                          destruir have an i-y stem
         Piensa             Piensan       change in all but the
                                          nosotros form.                  4
“YO” IRREGULAR
Verbs with –go in the yo form
            Tener                                          Oir                                Hacer
     Tengo                  Tenemos                Oigo            Oimos              Hago              Hacemos
     Tienes                                        Oyes                               Haces
      Tiene                 Tienen                 Oye              Oyen              Hace               Hacen

Other verbs with an irregular yo form
          Proteger (e-ie)                                                Conocer (c-zc)
           Protejo                   Protegemos                   Conozco             Conocemos
        Proteges                                                  Conoces
           Proteje                    Protegen                    Conoce               Conocen

               Ir                            Ser                        Estar                     Dar
     Voy             Vamos            Soy          Somos     Estoy          Estamos       Doy       Damos
      Vas                             Eres                   Estas                        Das
      Va              Van              Es           Son          Está        Están           Da         Dan
Time: Hour, day, and date.         Geographic or Physical Location
¿Qué hora es?                      ¿Dónde estás?
Possesion                          State or Condition
Es de Pepe                         ¿Cómo estás tú?
Origin                             Many Idiomatic Expressions
Soy de America.                    estar de acuerdo.
Occupation                         Progressive Tenses
Soy maestra.                       Estoy comiendo galletas.
Nationality
Soy americana.                        Although both verbs
Political/ Religious Affiliation
Somos católicos.
                                      Mean “to be”,
Where an event is taking place        ESTAR is temporary.
Es en la plaza.
                                      SER is permanent.
Essential Qualities
                                        For conjugation, look at slide #5.
Eres muy bonita, Sra. Linares.
                                                                             6
SER Y ESTAR CON
                  ADJECTIVOS
Ser and estar both mean “to be”, but the context they
are used in can mean two very different things.
                          POR EJEMPLO
SER                                As you can see, the sentence
Taloradora es muy simpatica        using SER implies that
(Taloradora is very nice.)         Taloradora generally always
ESTAR                              has a nice personality. The
Taloradora esta muy simpatica hoy. sentence using ESTAR
(Taloradora is very nice today.)   implies that Taloradora is
                                   only being nice today, which
                                   is temporary and not a
                                   general personality trait.
L O S V E R B O S C O M O G U S TA R
  “Gustar” is unique because it’s only conjugated two ways:
“Gusta” and “Gustan”. Which form of gustar used depends on
       whether the direct object is singular or plural.
       Gustar                    To like
      Molestar               To be a bother          Examples:
                                                     Gustar
      Fascinar            To be fascinating to       Me gustan los flores.
       Aburrir                   To bore             (I like the flowers.)
      Importar             To be important to        Encantar
                                                     Te encanta comprar.
      Interesar            To be interesting to      (You love to shop.)
      Disgustar            To hate something         Doler
     Doler (e-ue)             To be painful          Nos duelen los pies.
                                                     (We hurt our feet.)
      Encantar            To “love” something        Me duele la mano.
       Quedar                  To remain             (I hurt my hand.)

     Verbs similar to gustar are conjugated the same way.

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Libro de gramática

  • 1. LIBRO DE GRAMÁTICA Por Taloradora
  • 2. TABLA DE CONTENIDOS 1. Pagina Titulada 2. Indice de Materiales 3. Presente (-AR; -ER; -IR) 4. Los Verbos con Cambios de Raíz 5. Los Irregulares de “Yo” 6. Ser y Estar 7. Ser y Estar con Adjectivos 8. Los Verbos Como Gustar
  • 3. EL PRESENTE Present Tense is used to express habitual actions that will take place in the near future. -AR -ER/IR -o -amos -o -emos/ imos Examples: -as Bailar -es Tú bailes bien. -a -an -e -en (You dance well.) Comer SUBJECT PRONOUNS Yo como muchos tacos. Yo (I) Nosotros/as (I eat many tacos.) (We) Salir Tú Nosotros salimos de la (You- informal) escuela. El/Ella/Usted Ellos/Ellas/ (We leave the school.) (He/She/You- Ustedes formal) (They, You all)
  • 4. LOS VERBOS CON CAMBIOS DE RAÍZ (o-ue) (e-i) Puedo Podemos Pido Pedimos Puedes Pides Poder Pedir Puede Pueden Pide Piden (e-ie) Jugar has a u-ue stem Pienso Pensamos change in all but the nosotros form; incluir and Piensas Pensar destruir have an i-y stem Piensa Piensan change in all but the nosotros form. 4
  • 5. “YO” IRREGULAR Verbs with –go in the yo form Tener Oir Hacer Tengo Tenemos Oigo Oimos Hago Hacemos Tienes Oyes Haces Tiene Tienen Oye Oyen Hace Hacen Other verbs with an irregular yo form Proteger (e-ie) Conocer (c-zc) Protejo Protegemos Conozco Conocemos Proteges Conoces Proteje Protegen Conoce Conocen Ir Ser Estar Dar Voy Vamos Soy Somos Estoy Estamos Doy Damos Vas Eres Estas Das Va Van Es Son Está Están Da Dan
  • 6. Time: Hour, day, and date. Geographic or Physical Location ¿Qué hora es? ¿Dónde estás? Possesion State or Condition Es de Pepe ¿Cómo estás tú? Origin Many Idiomatic Expressions Soy de America. estar de acuerdo. Occupation Progressive Tenses Soy maestra. Estoy comiendo galletas. Nationality Soy americana. Although both verbs Political/ Religious Affiliation Somos católicos. Mean “to be”, Where an event is taking place ESTAR is temporary. Es en la plaza. SER is permanent. Essential Qualities For conjugation, look at slide #5. Eres muy bonita, Sra. Linares. 6
  • 7. SER Y ESTAR CON ADJECTIVOS Ser and estar both mean “to be”, but the context they are used in can mean two very different things. POR EJEMPLO SER As you can see, the sentence Taloradora es muy simpatica using SER implies that (Taloradora is very nice.) Taloradora generally always ESTAR has a nice personality. The Taloradora esta muy simpatica hoy. sentence using ESTAR (Taloradora is very nice today.) implies that Taloradora is only being nice today, which is temporary and not a general personality trait.
  • 8. L O S V E R B O S C O M O G U S TA R “Gustar” is unique because it’s only conjugated two ways: “Gusta” and “Gustan”. Which form of gustar used depends on whether the direct object is singular or plural. Gustar To like Molestar To be a bother Examples: Gustar Fascinar To be fascinating to Me gustan los flores. Aburrir To bore (I like the flowers.) Importar To be important to Encantar Te encanta comprar. Interesar To be interesting to (You love to shop.) Disgustar To hate something Doler Doler (e-ue) To be painful Nos duelen los pies. (We hurt our feet.) Encantar To “love” something Me duele la mano. Quedar To remain (I hurt my hand.) Verbs similar to gustar are conjugated the same way.