The present perfect tense uses have/has + past participle to indicate an action that began in the past and has relevance to the present. It can be used positively to relate ongoing or recent situations, negatively with haven't/hasn't, or in questions with have/has. Time expressions like just, already, or yet are often used with the present perfect to provide additional context about the timing or completion of an action.

1. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Created by S. Zorlu

2. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 The present perfect simple is have/has + past
participle. The past participle often ends in –ed
(finished) but many important verbs are
irregular (lost - done)
 I/you/we/they + have + Verb3 (finished-lost)
 He/she/it + has +Verb3 (done – been)

3.  Positive form;
I have lived in İstanbul for two years
Efe has had this car for three years
 Negative form;
I haven’t lived in İstanbul for two years.
Efe hasn’t had this car for three years.
 Question form;
Have you lived in İstanbul for two years?
Has Efe had this car for three years?

4.  When we say that “something has
happened” this is usually new information
Ow! I have cut my finger.
 When we use the present perfect, there is a
connection with now. The action in the past
has a result now
Where’s your key?
I don’t know. I have lost it.

5.  We can use the present perfect with just/
already/ yet
 Just: a short time ago
I have just had lunch
 Already: to say that happened sooner than
expected
He has already gone
 Yet: until now.use only in questions and
negative sentences
I have written the letter, but I haven’t sent it yet.

6.  Note:
Gone:
Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy (he is
there now)
Been:
Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy.
(she has now come back)