Report of the Committee for Doubling Farmers' Income  (Volume VIII- Production Enhancement through Productivity Gains)

1. Summary on
Report of the Committee
for Doubling Farmers' Income
(Volume VIII- Production Enhancement through
Productivity Gains)
Dr. Sujit Kumar
Scientific Officer (Plant Breeding)
U.P. Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow

2. Contribution of Agriculture in GDP

3. Average size of operational h

6. Committee bon DFI (Chaired by Dr. Asho

8. National Council
of Applied
Economic
Research

10. Redesigning crop geometry and commodity matrix (cont.)
S
N
Issues and Facts Suggestions /
Recommendations
Commodity/Sector Value
share (%)
Area
share (%)
1 Rice, Wheat and Maize 20 42 Diversification of
rice, wheat, maize
with horticulture
and animal based
enterprises
2 Horticulture 25 7
3 Milk, Meat, Fisheries 24, 8,5 About 1
Projected demand
growth in coming
decades (%)
1 Fruits 196.1 Our research and
development
programme should be
targeted to significant
enhancement of yield
2 Milk 135.3
3 Fish 98.2
4 Edible oil 83.1

11. SN Effect of irrigation management Suggestions / Recommendations
Commodity/
Sector
Yield enhancement
(%)
1 Fruits 42.3 Micro-irrigation or irrigation
techniques based on water
conservation technology can be a
game changer in productivity
enhancement.
2 Vegetables 52.8
Issues and Facts
1 Large area affected by various
ecological and edaphic factors
Promotion of nutri-cereals,
medicinal and aromatic crops in
stress areas
2 Huge gap in productivity between
India and other developed
countries.
Development of high input
responsive varieties.
..Redesigning crop geometry and commodity matrix (cont.)

12. SN Effect of irrigation management Suggestions / Recommendations
3 Yield gap in productivity between
U.P. and National yield potentiality
of crops.
Validation and adaption of
integrated crop management
practices in different crops.
4 Yield gap in productivity between
yield potentiality claimed by
breeder and translated
productivity at farmers’ field.
Adaptive research /refinement/
validation programmes through
SAUs and KVKs in participatory
mode.
5 Yield gap in productivity between
U.P. and other states of India (eg.
50% yield gap between Bihar and
U.P. for lentil, 46.5% and 44.7% for
wheat and rice respectively
between U.P. and Punjab.
Efforts should be made to bridge
the gaps through adoption of
potential model of leading state.
..Redesigning crop geometry and commodity matrix (cont.)

13. ..Redesigning crop geometry and commodity matrix (cont.)
S
N
Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions / Recommendations
Commodity/
Sector
Yield
enhancement
(m/tonns)
Increase in
productivity
(t/ha)
1 Wheat 81.6 2.2 Balanced focus towards yield
improvement is needed for rice
as compared to wheat for
sustaining their productivity.
2 Rice 73.1 1.4
Present
growth rate
Suggestive
growth rate by
FAO and USDA
3 Oilseeds 1.0 >2.0 Programmes should be targeted
towards significant yield
improvement in oilseeds.

14. ..Redesigning crop geometry and commodity matrix (cont.)
SN Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions /
Recommendations
Issues and Facts
1 Existing crop geometry of U.P.
revealed maximum area under
food grain and pulses.
Keeping area under pulses
static are under high value
enterprises i.e. horticulture and
animal should be diversified
with food grains.
2 Significant area in U.P. available
as cultivable waste, barren land,
un cultivable land and fellow
land.
Conversion of these areas
under cultivable lands to
enhance the productivity
horizontally.

15. Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
S
N
Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions / Recommendations
Commodity/
Sector
Area
(mill/ha)
Production
(mill/tons)
1 Horticulture 25 299.8 By 2022 6.5 lac ha. of additional area
targeted to be brought under horticulture
and 1.75 lac ha. additional area under
protected cultivation.
Issues and Facts
1 Present productivity of vegetable
and fruits in India is 17.11 and
14.51 tons/ha. Whereas for
aromatic crops and spices this
figure is 1.56 tons and 2.21 tons
respectively.
More focus in yield improvement of
aromatic crops and spices as compared to
other horticultural commodities.

16. Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions /
Recommendations
2 Productivity growth of fruits
and vegetable is only 1.57% in
past decade due to non-
availability of quality planting
material, dwindling status of
natural resources, pre-
dominancy of resource poor
farmers and low adapting of
modern technologies.
•Enhancing adoption of good crop
practices and precision farming
principals for yield sustainability.
•Identification/development/
refinement/ validation and
popularization of situation
specific modern
technologies.
•Formulation of research schemes
for vertical yield enhancement in
horticulture.
•Facilitation of micro-irrigation in
rainfed areas.

17. Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
S
N
Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions /
Recommendations
3 •High volume production of
vegetables and their market
issues.
•30% of high value produce fall
under spoilage due to
perishability.
•Facilitation of specialized market
linkages, connectivity and post-
harvest infrastructure.
•Apiculture should be integrated with
fruits, vegetables and flower
production to achieve additional
income.
4 •At present total area under
vegetable hybrid accounts for
10% only.
•1.5 – 3 times more yield/more
income have been reported with
adaption of hybrids and
vegetables.
•Hybrids in vegetable are being
produced through manual
emasculation and pollination.
•On the line of rice and pigeonpea CMS
based hybrid vegetable production
technology should be evolved.
•Area under hybrids for vegetables
should be increased significantly.
•MAS procedure for trait screening
should be used abundantly in
horticulture crops for quick emergence
of essentially derived new varieties.

18. Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Trend in yield increment from
1960-61 to 2015-16
Suggestions /
Recommendations
5 Potential root stock may
ameliorate the soil, enhance
nutrient and water use
efficiency, create resistance
from diseases and pests and
some stresses in grey, citrus,
apple and other fruits of
rosasy family.
•Appropriate root stock
technology be isolated,
validated and popularized
among fruit growers for
propagation of quality
planting material.

19. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions /
Recommendations
1 Low canopy are in unit land
cover due to very tall
structure of fruit crops.
Genetically dwarf cultivars of mango, banana,
papaya sapota supported with dwarfing root
stalks in mango, guava, citrus, ber be used
under high density planting system to
increase the canopy area and ultimately high
income with unit area.
2 Appearance of disease
symptom in later stage
leading to spoilage of
whole crop.
Various modern diagnostic methods with
ELASIA, PCR, multiplex and artificia for early
detection of diseases.
3 •Limited use of drip
irrigation.
•Plentiful area under
channel/ canal irrigation
•Increasing the area under drip irrigation (25-
60% water saving and 10-60% enhance in
yield)

20. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions / Recommendations
4 Practice of horticultural/
high value agriculture
involved maximum amount
of labor and inputs.
Mechanization up to maximum
possible extent.
5 Limited use of bio-
fertilizers.
Streamlining in the use of bio-
fertilizers, VAM funzi, N fixers and
other friend microbes are use of
unsolable nutrients present in soil.
6 Use of conventional
inorganic fertilizers and
agro-chemicals.
Promotion of nano- encapsulated
fertilizers and agro-chemicals
ultimately leading to decrease in
input cost.

21. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions /
Recommendations
7 Non-validated farming
system or conventional
cropping system
approach.
Validation of situation specific
farming system for each AES zone and
popularization of FS approach at the
place of CS including all enterprises of
crop and animal sector.
8 Abundance of long
duration crop period in
horticulture.
Development/validation of short
duration horticultural crops.
9 Uttar Pradesh is
contributing only 5% in
floriculture whereas,
states like Karnataka and
Tamilnadu are
contributing >10%.
Floriculture should be directly
included in different farming systems
of U.P. with traditional field crops
after proper trial and validation.

22. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions /
Recommendations
10 •High demand of organic spices in
developed countries like Europe,
USA, Japan and Australia
•Share of spices in total
agriculture export is 6% annually
which very less than demand.
•Organic spice production programme
should be intensified in the state to
minimize the gap between demand and
availability of organic spices.
11 Availability of vast forest area in
various pockets of Vindhyan,
Tarai and North-eastern plane
zones.
Popularization of Agri-silvi pasture, horti-
silvi pasture and other agro-forestry
modules.
12 Huge gap between availability
and demand of quality seed and
planting material.
Creation of participatory seed production
groups as contact farming where farmers
should be supplied with inbred lines for
further crossing and production of hybrid
seeds in vegetables in PPP mode.

23. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
S
N
Issues and Facts Suggestions / Recommendations
13 Surplus crop residue
being burnt at field and
becoming a threat for
ecology and environment.
Use of surplus crop residue as casing
for mushroom cultivation and in
poultry industry.
14 Problem of marketing of
over production in
vegetables.
7000 producer organizations be
created and entire village should be
converted into cluster such as 1000
farmers /1000 ha under cultivation of
a specific commodity.
15 Improper availability of
local markets.
Promotion of primary rural agri-
markets, horticultural producers co-
operative marketing and processing,
mother dairy fruit and vegetable
concept, modern terminal flower

24. ...Horticulture – A sunrise sector (cont.)
S
N
Issues and Facts Suggestions / Recommendations
16 Tomato, potato and onion
are the most perishable
vegetables leading to a price
fluctuation of more than
50% of all vegetables.
•Provision of special storage devices at
block level should be made available in
areas where plenty of these crops are
being in the state.
•Seed availability and onion storage
capacity in the state should be enhanced.
17 Clashes of interest between
the consumer, the producer
and the middle man
particularly during
unfavorable weather.
Efforts should be made to minimize role
of middle man up to null if possible.
18 Wastage of potato due to
huge production.
Potato production must be balanced with
developing external demand through
pursuing export trade policy and
promotion of growth in gold chain.

25. Sericulture ...
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions /
Recommendations
1 •85% of the farmers in U.P.
fall under small and
marginal category even
landless.
•Vindhyan region, Eastern
plain region, some part of
Bundelkhand and Tarai
region of the state having
enough oak, mulberry and
castor plants under social
forestry and in situ forest.
•In spite of huge workforce
India’s share in raw silk
production is only 14.1%
whereas, China is
contributing far better.
•Farmers of these regions may be
trained and linked with sericulture
directly.
•Plant cultivation, rearing of worms,
processing industry may be popularized
under sericulture for marginal, small or
landless farmers.
•All type of seri production i.e. mulberry,
eri, muga, tasar may be popularized in
the concerned area.
•During 1992-97 mulberry plantation
was 2.81 lac ha whereas, in 2007-12 it
was declined to 1.81 lac ha. Hence,
keeping in view potentiality in this
sector plantation of mulberry should be
increased significantly.

26. Sericulture ...
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions / Recommendations
2 8-10 times income may be
generated with sericulture
as compared to other
agriculture enterprises
where only 1-2 time
income is received.
•Additional income should be
promoted with different sericulture
activities particularly, under agro-
forestry systems and it should be
integrated as separate enterprise
under popular farming systems of
the state.
3 Employment generation in
silk worm rearing is 1255
man days/ha/annum and
additionally 5147 man days
employment is generated
under silk associated non-
farm activities.
This sector may utilize to reduce
unemployment in rural sector with
host plantation, work rearing,
processing industry.

27. .....Sericulture (cont)....
SN Issues and Facts Suggestions / Recommendations
4 For normal crops 1-3 cropping
period being practiced in one year
whereas, in sericulture 2 plot
systems taking 10 crop per year
regularly at 30-35 days interval
produce Rs. 2 lac/annum.
Farmer should be provided complete
package of practices for achieving 10
crop per year. Simultaneously, market
for purchase of cocoon must be
provided to them.
5 By products of sericulture can be
utilized as un eaten young
mulberry shoot and silk work
litter as a good source of organic
manure, un eaten foliage can be
used as feed for cattle and
buffalo.
Handy procedure to prepare organic
manure in processed and packaged
form should be developed.
6 Availability of limited reeling
machines.
Enough number of reeling machines
should be established in potential
areas of the state.

28. The primary recommendations for adding greater impetus
to sericulture farming
• Establish higher production, productivity and quality of
silk output in various under tapped areas in the country.
• Establish and upgrade basic seed production units and in
R&D to develop high yielding silk worm breeds.
Similarly, new mulberry varieties with higher yield per
hectare can be a focus area.
• In post-cocoon stage, enhance the automatic reeling
capacity with integrated twisting, besides strengthening
of silk weaving and the wet processing sector.

29. The primary recommendations for adding greater
impetus to sericulture farming
• Special attention on skill development, coordinated with
the induction of new technologies on rearing, reeling and
weaving to improve resource use efficiency.
• Diversification of silk into other material uses, new
fabrics and utilities, besides meeting traditional demand
of sarees, needs to be aggressively promoted.
• R&D into medicinal and other biomaterial applications of
sericulture by-products need to be promoted. Corporate
sector participation in sericulture R&D can be
incentivised.

30. THANK YOU

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