An operating system (OS) manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for application software. The OS is the most important type of system software and a user cannot run applications without an OS unless the app is self-booting. Android is a popular Linux-based OS used in many mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. It provides features like app installation, web browsing, camera support, and more. Developers can create Android apps using Java and other languages.

1. WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM ?
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that manage
computer hardware resources and provide common services
for application software. The operating system is the most
important type of system software in a computer system. A
user cannot run an application program on the computer
without an operating system, unless the application program
is self booting.

2. OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)
Various Types of Operating Systems Various Types
of Operating Systems are Used in Mobile Phones.
are Used in Mobile Phones. Symbain , Android , RIM
, Windows
Mobile , Apple , Microsoft , Bada , IOS etc.

3. OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)
Android

4. WHAT IS ANDROID ?
●Android is a Linux-based operating
system for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablet computers.

5. HISTORY
Android, Inc was founded in Palo Alto,
California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich
Miner,Nick Sears, and Chris White.

6. ANDROID OPEN SOURCE PROJECT
The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is led by Google.
According to the project "The goal of the Android Open Source
Project is to create a successful real-world product that
improves the mobile experience for end users.“
 AOSP also maintains the Android Compatibility Program,
defining an "Android compatible" device "as one that can run
any application written by third-party developers using the
Android SDK and NDK", to prevent incompatible Android
implementations.
 The compatibility program is also optional and free of charge,
with the Compatibility Test Suite also free and open-source.

7. ANDROID VERSION HISTORY
The Android beta was released on 5 November 2007, while the
software developer's kit (SDK) was released on 12 November
2007.
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was
released on 23 September 2008.The first Android device, the
HTC Dream (G1).

9. FEATURES
 Android Market application download and updates through the
Market app.
 Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML
web pages – multiple pages show as windows.
 Camera support – however this version lacked the option to
change the camera's resolution.
 Gmail, Google Contects, Google Calendar,Google
Talk,Goggle Map,Instant messaging, text messaging, and
MMS, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.
 Other apps include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer
(Phone), Home screen Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.

10. V1.5 CUPCAKE
New Features :
• On 15 September 2009,Donut – was released, based
on Linux kernel 2.6.29.Included in the update.
• Voice and text entry search bookmark
history, contacts, and the web.
• with faster camera access, Updated technology
support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs,

11. V2.0/2.1 ECLAIRS
 The Motorola Droid introduced Android 2.0.
 On 26 October 2009, the Android 2.0. Eclair – was
released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.
New Features
 Bluetooth 2.1 support, Ability to tap a Contacts photo and
select to call, SMS, or email the person.
 Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with
delete oldest messages.
 Numerous new camera features, including flash
support, digital zoom, scene mode, Improved typing
speed, Improved Google Maps 3.1.2.
 Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-
screen background images to show movement.

13. V2.2.X FROYO
 Google's Nexus One was the first smartphone to receive
Android 2.2 Froyo.
 On 20 May 2010, the Android 2.2 Froyo was released, based
on Linux kernel 2.6.32.
New Features
 Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser
application, USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality
 Updated Market application with batch and automatic update
features, Voice dialing and contact sharing over
Bluetooth, Adobe Flash support
 Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords, Support for
file upload fields in the Browser application.
 V2.2.1, v2.2.2, v2.2.3

14. V2.2.X FROYO

15. V2.3.X GINGERBREAD
• Google's Nexus S introduced Android 2.3 Gingerbread.
• On 6 December 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was
released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.
New Features
• increased speed, Enhanced copy/paste
functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-hold, copy,
and paste.
• Native support for more sensors, Support for multiple
cameras on the device, including afront-facing camera.
• Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio
encoding.
• V2.3.3 , v2.3.4, v2.3.5, v2.3.6, v2.3.7

16. V2.3.X GINGERBREAD
GOOGLE'S NEXUS S INTRODUCED ANDROID 2.3 GINGERBREAD.

17. V3.X HONEYCOMB
 The Motorola Xoom tablet introduced Android 3.0.1 Honeycomb.
 On 22 February 2011, the Android 3.0 Honeycomb – the first tablet-
only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.
New Features
 Support for multi-core processors, Ability to encrypt all user
data, Support for video chat using Google Talk.
 Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on
larger screen sizes.
 Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing
camera, time-lapse, and more
 Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in
Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos.
 Connectivity for USB accessories, Support for external keyboards
and pointing devices, High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high
performance Wi-Fi connections.
 V3.1, v3.2, v3.2.1, v3.2.2

18. V3.X HONEYCOMB

19. V4.X ICE CREAM SANDWICH
 Android 4.0 – codenamed Ice Cream Sandwich, and based on Linux
kernel 3.0.1 Ice Cream Sandwich release event on 19 October 2011.
 The Galaxy Nexus introduced Android 4.0.1 Ice Cream Sandwich.
New Features
 Enhanced speed and performance, Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-
and-drop style, A customizable launcher
 Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down
voicemail messages, Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar
 Offline search, a two-line preview, and new action bar at the bottom of
the Gmail app, Improved camera app with zero shutter lag, time lapse
settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording, Built-
in photo editor, New gallery layout, organized by location and person
 Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid
short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact
info, directions, YouTube videos and other data, Wi-Fi Direct, 1080p
video recording for stock Android devices

20. V4.X ICE CREAM SANDWICH

21. ALL FEATURES
 In December 2011, Greg Krone-Hartman announced the start of the
Android Mainlining Project, which aims to put some Android
drivers, patches and features back into the Linux kernel, starting in
Linux 3.3. further integration being expected for Linux Kernel 3.4
Current features and specifications:
 Handset layouts , Storage , Connectivity , Messaging
 Multiple language support , Web browser
 Java support , Media support , Streaming media support
 Additional hardware support , Multi-touch , Blue tooth
 Video calling , Multitasking , Voice based features
 Tethering :: Android supports tethering, which allows a phone to be
used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot. , Screen capture
 External storage :: include micro SD slot, USB flash drives and USB
 HDDs, many Android tablets also include USB.

22. USES
 The first commercially available phone to run Android was the
HTC Dream, released on 22 October 2008.
 While Android is designed primarily for smartphones and
tablets. But Now electronics, including laptops and
netbooks, smartbooks,and ebook readers.
 Google intends to bring Android to televisions with Google
TV, and the OS has seen niche applications on
wristwatches, headphones, car CD and DVD players, digital
cameras, portable media players and landlines.

23. Google TV Home
Screen

24. Version ::
 1.5 Cupcake 0.6%
 1.6 Donut 1.0%
 4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich 1.0%
 3.x.x Honeycomb 3.4%
 2.0, 2.1 Eclair 7.6%
 2.2 Froyo 27.8%
 2.3.x Gingerbread 58.6%

25. WHAT IS ANDROID SDK ?
 The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary
to begin developing applications on the Android platform
using the Java programming language.

26. ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

27. APPLICATIONS
 Android will ship with a set of core applications including
an email client, SMS
program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others.
All applications are written using the Java programming
language.

28. LIBRARIES
 Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various
components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed
to developers through the Android application framework. Some of
the core libraries are listed below:
 System C library - a BSD-derived implementation of the standard C
system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices.
 Media Libraries - based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE; the libraries
support playback and recording of many popular audio and video
formats, as well as static image files, including
MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG.
 Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem and
seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple
applications

29.  LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which
powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web
view
 SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine
 3D libraries - an implementation based on OpenGL ES
1.0 APIs; the libraries use either hardware 3D acceleration
(where available) or the included, highly optimized 3D
software rasterizer
 FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering
 SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database
engine available to all applications

30. A LARGE NO OF MOBILE COMPANIES ARE USING ANDROID. A
LIST OF COMPANIES SUPPORTING ANDROID IN THEIR HARDWARE
IS ::
 Acer Inc , ALCATEL ( TCL corporation )
 NCE casio Mobile Communication , Cherry Mobile
 CSL , Dell , Bluelans Communications
 Garmin , Geeks Phone , General Mobile , High screen
, HKC
 HTC coroporation , Huawei , I-mobile, Lenovo , LG
 Motorola , Samsung
 Sony Ericsson, Videocon

32. LINUX KERNEL
 Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system
services such as security, memory management, process
management, network stack, and driver model. The
kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software stack.

33. FEATURES
 Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of
components
 Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
 Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
 Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library;
3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification
(hardware acceleration optional)
 SQLite for structured data storage
 Media support for common audio, video, and still image
formats MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
 GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
 Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
 Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware
dependent)

34. BUILD THE ANDROID APPLICATION
 First we Known this three Basic Languages. After Make
the Android Application.
 Java and C,C++
 C used for low level funtionalities and deveice
connectivities
 Java used for Framework and Application Level

35. PROGRAM OF BACK FUNCTION FOR ANDROID
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
public class ProgressBarExampleActivity extends Activity {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PB_EXAMPLE";
private EditText etNumSecondsM;
private EditText etSecondsProgressedM;
private Button bExitM;
private Button bExecuteM;
private ProgressBar pbDefaultM;
private ProgressBarAsyncTask pbTaskM = null

36. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
drawGUI();
}
/** Called when user press the back button */
@Override
public void onBackPressed()
{
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Cancelling task");
if( pbTaskM != null)
{
pbTaskM.cancel( false);
}
}
public void onClick(View view) {
pbTaskM = new ProgressBarAsyncTask( pbDefaultM,
etSecondsProgressedM);

37. pbTaskM.execute( new Integer(
etNumSecondsM.getText().toString()));
}
});
bExitM.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
exit( RESULT_OK);
}
});
}
public void exit( int theResult)
{
setResult( theResult);
finish();
}
}

38. WORLD-WIDE SMARTPHONE SALES