Comtech - Tendências do Broadcast via Satélite

1. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Johnny MarmolejosJohnny Marmolejos
Sr. Sales EngineerSr. Sales Engineer
16 June16 June’’ 0909
Technologies thatTechnologies that
Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies
(Trends in Broadcasting)(Trends in Broadcasting)

2. Agenda
• Company Overview
• Technologies That Drive Efficiencies
– Modulation and Coding Improvements
– Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff
– Equalization
• Comtech Solutions For Broadcast
• Broadcast (One & Two-Way) Solutions
• DVB-S2 CCM & VCM
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 2

3. • Comtech Telecommunications Corporation is the parent company of Comtech EF Data
• Founded in 1967
• Market leader in delivering advanced communications equipment and solutions to a diverse, blue chip
customer base in the global commercial and defense communications markets
• Corporate headquarters based in Melville, New York
• Stock symbol NASDAQ: CMTL
• Fiscal year 2008 revenues US $531.6 Million
Business is conducted through three segments
Telecommunications Transmission
Develops products and systems that increase
satellite data throughput and enhance satellite
transponder bandwidth efficiency and that
enable wireless communications in
environments where terrestrial
communications are unavailable, inefficient or
too expensive.
•Comtech EF Data Corp..
•Memotec, Inc.
•Comtech Systems, Inc.
•Comtech AHA Corp.
•Comtech Antenna Systems, Inc.
•Comtech TV (Comtech Tiernan Video, Inc.)
Mobile Data Communications
Provides its defense and commercial
customers with a complete solution to enable
satellite-based mobile on-the-move
communications when real-time, secure
transmission is necessary.
•Comtech Mobile Datacom Corp.
•Comtech AeroAstro, Inc.
RF Microwave Amplifiers
Designs and produces solid-state, high-power
broadband amplifiers which are incorporated
into sophisticated electronic warfare,
commercial communications, and medical
systems.
•Comtech PST Corp.
•Hill Engineering
•Comtech Xicom Technology, Inc.
3
Comtech EF DataComtech EF Data
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential

4. Company Overview
• Our products are optimizing satellite
links for commercial and government
customers
– Satellite Operators
– Cellular Service Providers
– System Integrators
– Broadcast and Satellite News
Gathering
– Ministries & Government
Agencies
– Educational Institutions
– Offshore Oil & Gas
– Maritime
– Enterprise
4Comtech Proprietary & Confidential

5. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Technologies ThatTechnologies That
Drive EfficienciesDrive Efficiencies

6. Technologies That Drive
Efficiencies
• Modulation and Coding Improvements
– Modulation Types and Tradeoffs
– Coding efficiencies and new standards
• Power, Bandwidth and Throughput Tradeoff
– Balancing your capacity needs with available
resources
• Equalization
– Minimizing Frequently Encountered Satellite
Impairments
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 6

7. Modulation and Coding
Improvements
• Modulation improvements:
– Improvements have focused on structure of
constellation
– Constellations have been optimized for throughput
and to minimize effects of amplifier compression
• Coding gains:
– Processors, chip design and speed now make
coding gains approach theoretical limits
– Tradeoffs between coding gain and latency still
exist
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 7

8. Modulation Improvements:
Constellation
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 8
Efficiency Legacy Method Newer Method Reason
2 Bits / Hz &
3 Bits / Hz
QPSK / 8PSK QPSK / 8PSK Highly Efficient –
no changes, no
amplitude element
4 Bits / Hz 16QAM 16APSK Improved
performance
when amplifiers
run into saturation
5 Bits / Hz Relatively Unused 32APSK Enables extreme
BW vs. throughput
Minimizes effects
of compression

9. 9
Modulation and Power Equivalent
Bandwidth (PEB)
Relative Bandwidth (%) – for same data rate
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
16QAM 7/816QAM 7/8
16QAM 3/416QAM 3/4
8PSK 5/68PSK 5/6
8PSK 2/38PSK 2/3
QPSK 7/8QPSK 7/8
QPSK 3/4QPSK 3/4
QPSK 1/2QPSK 1/2
QPSK 1/2 = 100%
QPSK
16QAM
8PSK
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
Increasing PowerIncreasing Power
Increasing BWIncreasing BW

10. Coding Gains
• Satellite Links are inherently noisy / weak
links, so we need to add layers of coding to
improve the connection
• Scientists essentially “wrap” the payload with
correction algorithms
• New coding algorithms such as LDPC&BCH
are now available due to the processing
power of today’s newer, higher speed chips
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 10

11. Coding Gains
• For One-Way non latency sensitive links
LDPC&BCH coding is the best available
• LDPC is quite simply the best error correction
codec the industry has ever seen
• This new codec is roughly 2.5dB better in
performance than DVB-S coding
• The codec is 0.7dB from a theoretical limit
(Shannon’s Limit)
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 11

12. Coding Gains
• Interesting “Quotes”
“ the LDPC code, was selected from amongst
seven proposals, and the comparison
required something like one million Gbit
simulations and 40,000 days of computer
work ”
(Alberto Morello – Chairman of DVB-S2 Ad-Hoc Group)
“The theoretical limit allows for an infinite number of calculations and
over an infinitely long block of data … so to get within 0.7dB is quite
close since we live in the “real world”
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 12

13. What do coding gains give me?
• The new DVB-S2 codec (LDPC) allows for some
real-world savings
• Now that you have a codec with an additional 2.5dB
in coding gain you can “use” this gain to do quite a
few things
– You could lower antenna sizes
– You could use lower cost power amplifiers
– You could change modulation or FEC and reduce BW
– You could change modulation or FEC, keep the BW and get
more data through the same size “pipe”
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 13

14. Is LDPC&BCH always the right
choice?
• In the one-way broadcast world it is hard to
argue that any other codec should be used
• Reasons to choose other codecs:
– Large installed base of HW only supports older
codecs
– Network is bi-directional with low data rate and
latency sensitive applications
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 14

15. Tradeoff between coding gain and
latency
Codec Performance Latency Used Where
DVB-S2 LDPC
Long Block
Best throughput
vs. power
>100ms @ 2Mb
<25ms @ 10Mb
One-Way and
High Speed 2
way to mitigate
latency
Comtech
VersaFEC
~ 0.3dB worse
than DVB-S2
LDPC Long
Block
<3ms @ 2Mb Duplex latency
sensitive links
with excellent
performance
Turbo Coding ~ 1.3dB worse
than DVB-S2
LDPC
<2ms @ 2Mb Extremely low
latency open
standard
Viterbi + RS
(DVB-S)
~ 2.5dB worse
than DVB-S2
LDPC
<3ms @ 2Mb Legacy networks
where hardware
is in place
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 15

16. Power, Bandwidth and
Throughput Tradeoff
• Power: Eb/No, Es/No, C/N (dB)
• Bandwidth: Spectral Efficiency (SE) Mbps/Hz
• Throughput: Mbps
• Various Types of Optimization
– Same throughput with less power / bandwidth
– Same power / bandwidth with more throughput
– DTH: smallest dish reaching most subscribers
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 16
Satellite
Power & Bandwidth

17. Power, Bandwidth and
Throughput Tradeoff
Bandwidth
• Transponders have 2 finite resources:
• Power – Watts or dBW available
• Bandwidth (BW) – Hz available
• Key is to balance power and bandwidth use
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 17
Power

18. 18
DVBDVB--S2 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB)S2 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) versus C/N (dB)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C/N [dB] in Rs
Ru[bit/s]perunitRs
QPSK
8PSK
16APSK
32APSK
DVB-S
Dotted lines= modulation constrained Shannon limit
DVB-DSNG
DVB-S2 Spectral Efficiency
Modem Designers Love This Plot
Satellite Service Providers Live By It
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
DVB‐S2 QPSK
1/2
DVB‐S2 QPSK
1/2
DVB‐S QPSK
1/2
DVB‐S QPSK
1/2

19. 19
Power & Bandwidth Tradeoffs Example
Same Throughput Less Power
Same Power Less Bandwidth
• DVB-S versus DVB-S2
– Lower Eb/No requires less power
– Higher efficiency uses less bandwidth
2.8
1.49
QPSK 3/4
5.3
1.38
DVB-S
Viterbi +
RS
DVB-S2
LDPC
Coding
Eb/No (dB)
Bandwidth Efficiency (bps/ Hz)
5.1
2.23
8PSK 3/4
Not
Available
DVB-S
Viterbi +
RS
DVB-S2
LDPC
Coding
LDPC
Less
BW
LDPC: Less Power
DVB‐SDVB‐S DVB‐S2DVB‐S2
BB
AA
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
A ≈Same Throughput Less Power
Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB
B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth
SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz
A ≈Same Throughput Less Power
Eb/No from 5.3 dB to 2.8 dB
B ≈Same Power Less Bandwidth
SE from 1.38 bps/Hz vs 2.23 bps/Hz

20. OPEX Reduction Example
1 SD Channel:
SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 4Mb MPEG-2 Chan. SD 2Mb MPEG-4 Chan.
DVB-S DVB-S2 DVB-S2
QPSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC 8PSK 3/4 Rate FEC
Requires 2.9MHz BW Requires 1.8MHz BW Requires 0.9MHz BW
@ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month @ $2,500 per Mhz / Month
$7,250 per Month $4,500 per Month $2,250 per Month
Equals $87,000 / Year Equals $54,000 / Year Equals $27,000 / Year
No Savings $33,000 Savings / Year $60,000 Savings / Year
Just moving to DVB-S2 Move to DVB-S2 and
using MPEG-4 Coding
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 20

21. Frequently Encountered
Impairment
• Amplitude and Group Delay Variation (linear)
– Degrades performance
• Solution
– Automatically equalize uplink
• Advantages
– Works with multiple carriers
– Equalizes uplink and satellite transponder
– No changes to receive site
– Improves QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 16APSK, 32APSK
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 21

22. AutoEQ™ Application
In Latin America
• AutoEQ™ DM240XR Modulator Option
– Equalizes uplink and transponder
Corrects amplitude and group delay
– Only L-Band equalizer !
– One time auto-calibration
Eliminates manual equalizer adjustments
• Direct To Home Application
– Equalize one time at hub
– Improves performance of all
set top boxes (generally Q/8PSK)
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 22
No AutoEQ™
With AutoEQ™

23. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Comtech EF DataComtech EF Data
Solutions ForSolutions For
BroadcastBroadcast
1 Way1 Way
2 Way2 Way
““Your WayYour Way””

24. Broadcast (One Way) Solutions
• DTH (Direct To Home Broadcast)
• Contribution Feeds
– Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)
– Fly-Away Packages
• HITS (“Headend In The Sky”) distribution
– Telco Video Distribution
– Business enterprise video and data distribution
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 24

25. One Way - DTH (Direct To Home
Broadcast)
• Comtech has the widest selection of DTH satellite
uplink hardware:
– Satellite Modems & Modulators
– Frequency Converters
– High Power Amplifiers
– Switching & Redundancy Options
– Signal Monitoring Equipment
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 25

26. One Way - DTH (Direct To Home
Broadcast)
• Over 4,000 satellite modems/modulators sold to DTH providers
worldwide
• Frequency converters average over 350,000 hours of service without
outage
• TWTA Amplifiers deployed by every U.S.-based DTH operator
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 26
Comtech EF Data Equipment
Comtech Xicom Technology Equipment

27. One Way – SNG & Fly-Away
• Video Encoders
• Satellite Modulators
• Freq. Converters
• Compact Amplifiers
• Confidence Monitors
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 27

28. One Way – HITS / IPTV and File
Based Feeds
• Delivery of video, advertising, local
programming
• Non Real-Time file based platform
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 28

29. 29
One Way - Avail Media Case Study
IPTV Service Provider
• Aggregate over 180 channels of Standard Definition
Programming and 16 channels of High Definition
– ESPN, Discovery HD, Showtime, Starz, MTV, etc
– Content ingested at Teleport
• Content is encoded to MPEG-4 / IP & Encrypted
• Content is sent on 9 transponders over 3 satellites
• Receive location uses up to 18 CMR-5975 / site (2 for
each transponder for redundancy)
• Each transponder is about 70 Mbps of data
• L-band In IP Out
• Delivered to consumer via ADSL, Cable or FTH

30. 30
One Way - Avail Media Case Study
IPTV Service Provider
CME-5110
DVB IP Encapsulator
(18) CMR-5975
DVB-S2 Receivers
CDM-710
DVB-S2 Modulator

31. Broadcast (Two Way) Solutions
• Point to Multi-Point IP Networks
• Rapid ISP market penetration
• High Speed Content Delivery
• IPTV / Business Television
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 31

32. Two-Way CCM&VCM CDM-740
Value Proposition
• Integrated 1 RU solution with DVB-S/S2 receiver and
Turbo SCPC return modulator
– Shared high speed outbound DVB-S or S2 carrier with support
for advanced DVB-S2 modulation
– TPC for efficient low latency data return channel
• Support for VCM
– Allows the operator to group remotes by MODCODS at the hub
for more efficient use of bandwidth or higher user capacity
– No configuration change at remote required to support CCM
and VCM
32

33. Broadcast (Two Way) Solutions
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 33
IP Network
Cloud
DM240XR
CMR-8500
CDD-564/L Stack
Gig-E
SW
IP
IP
IP
IP
Site 1
CDM-740
IP
Site 2
CDM-740
IP
Site N
CDM-740
LPOD
BUC/LNB
LPOD
BUC/LNB
LPOD
BUC/LNB
DVB-S
/ DVB-S2
Outbound
TPC
Returns

34. Two Way - DVB-S2 CCM & VCM
Operation
34

35. DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM
Case 1
• Point to Multi-Point networks that use CCM must have all sites
receiving the same Coding and Modulation
• Networks where all sites have the same EIRP or where antennas
have been sized to compensate for satellite contours use CCM
Case 2
• Some Point to Multi-Point networks have multiple sites that fall on
different EIRP contours but have the same size antennas
• These sites can benefit from Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM)
35

36. DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM
36
ZONE 1
EIRP = 52 dBW
ZONE 2
EIRP = 50 dBW
ZONE 3
EIRP = 48 dBW
• Consider a point to multi-point network consisting of a hub and 3 remotes
• CCM would limit the throughput of all sites to that of the most
disadvantaged site (Site “C”)
• Using a 13.33Msps (18Mhz) carrier again and assuming Site “C” can run
at DVB-S2 QPSK 4/5 Site “C” and ALL sites would be limited to 21.2
Mbps
• Site A• Site B
• Site C

37. DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM
37
ZONE 1
EIRP = 52 dBW
ZONE 2
EIRP = 50 dBW
ZONE 3
EIRP = 48 dBW
• VCM takes advantage of the different EIRPs
• Each EIRP has a “best fit” MODCOD (modulation and
coding) that maximizes throughput for that contour
• Site A• Site B
• Site C

38. DVB-S2 CCM vs. VCM
38
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 1
ZONE 1
16-APSK 2/3
ZONE 2
8-PSK 2/3
ZONE 3
QPSK 4/5
• By associating a MODCOD per EIRP zone we can
maximize the throughput to sites in that zone
• Use the best MODCOD available for the zone’s EIRP to
maximize throughput and reduce BW
• Site B
• Site C
• Site A

39. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Questions?Questions?
Thank You!Thank You!

40. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
VCM ExampleVCM Example

41. VCM Example:
Maximize Throughput
• In this example we will fix our Carrier BW at 13.33 Msps
(18Mhz) and maximize the throughput to all 3 sites.
• Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK
4/5 FEC.
• In CCM Mode all 3 sites would run 21.2 Mbps (= 7Mbps
per site)
• For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the
increased DR of the network with the understanding that
each site receives an equal share of the fixed BW
41

42. VCM Example:
Maximize Throughput
42
13.33Msps = 35.2Mbps
Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW
Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB
13.33Msps = 26.4Mbps
Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW
Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB
13.33Msps = 21.2Mbps
Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW
Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB
16‐APSK 2/3
16‐APSK 3/4
8‐PSK 2/3
QPSK 4/5
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
29%
DVB‐S2
DVB‐S
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00
Data Rate (Mbps)
Ideal Es/No (dB)
Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps
S2 32‐APSK
S2 16‐APSK
S2 8‐PSK
S2 QPSK
S QPSK

43. VCM Example:
Maximize Throughput
• Each zone gets an equal share of the BW. The network
now has an average throughput of 27.6 Mbps
43
Site A Site B Site C
Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5
Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz
Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB
User Data Rate 35.2 Mbps 26.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps
Symbol Rate required
= BW Required w/o
spacing
13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps 13.33 Msps

44. VCM Example:
Minimize Bandwidth
• In this example we will fix our effective data rate of the
network to 21.2 Mbps (7 Mbps per site) and minimize
BW
• Our most disadvantaged site is Site “C” running at QPSK
4/5 FEC.
• In CCM Mode we would need 13.33 Msps (18Mhz) of
total BW
• For the purpose of this exercise we will discuss the fixed
DR of the network with the understanding that each site
receives an unequal share of the reduced BW
44

45. VCM Example:
Minimize Bandwidth
45
21.2Mbps = 8.0Msps
Zone 1: EIRP = 52–53 dBW
Es/No = 9.0 – 10.2dB
21.2Mbps = 10.7Msps
Zone 2: EIRP = 51–52.9 dBW
Es/No = 6.6 – 9.0dB
21.2Mbps = 13.33Msps
Zone 3: EIRP = 48–49.9 dBW
Es/No = 4.7 – 6.6dB
16‐APSK 2/3
16‐APSK 3/4
8‐PSK 2/3
QPSK 4/5
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
29%
DVB‐S2
DVB‐S
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
‐3.00 ‐1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00
Data Rate (Mbps)
Ideal Es/No (dB)
Data Rate (vs) Es/No At 13.33 Msps
S2 32‐APSK
S2 16‐APSK
S2 8‐PSK
S2 QPSK
S QPSK

46. VCM Example:
Minimize Bandwidth
• The network now has an average BW of 10.7 Msps
(14.41Mhz). Each zone gets an unequal share of the
BW.
46
Site A Site B Site C
Modulation / Coding 16-APSK 2/3 8-PSK 2/3 QPSK 4/5
Spectral Efficiency 2.64 bits/Hz 1.98 bits/Hz 1.59 bits/Hz
Es/No Required >= 9.0 dB 6.6 – 9.0 dB 4.7 – 6.6 dB
User Data Rate 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps 21.2 Mbps
Symbol Rate required
= BW Required w/o
spacing
8.0 Msps
(10.8 Mhz)
10.7 Msps
(14.4 Mhz)
13.33 Msps
(18 Mhz)

47. DVB-S / DVB-S2 CCM / DVB-S2 VCM
Big Picture
47
DVB-S DVB-S2 CCM DVB-S2 VCM
Increase Throughput :
Fixed BW
16.4 Mbps 21.2 Mbps
29% > DVB-S
27.6 Mbps
68% > DVB-S
Decrease BW :
Fixed Throughput
17.23 Msps
(23.3 Mhz)
13.33 Msps
13% < DVB-S
(18 Mhz)
10.7 Msps
38% < DVB-S
(14.4 Mhz)

48. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Tools And CollateralTools And Collateral

49. Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 49

50. Tools
• Bandwidth optimization (online only)
– Satellite link with cost optimization
http://optimize.comtechefdata.com/
• Reducing Total Cost of Operation
– Spreadsheet: Download online or on CD
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 50

51. Collateral – Available Online or CD
• Company Overview Brochure
• Datasheets
• Manuals
• Quick Reference Guides for Modems and RF
• White Papers and Application Notes
• Industry Specific Solutions
– Broadcast and SNG
– IPTV Delivery
– Oil and Gas
– More
• Other – Contact Us
Comtech Proprietary & Confidential 51

52. ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
Contact Us:Contact Us:
2114 West 7th Street2114 West 7th Street
Tempe, AZ 85281Tempe, AZ 85281
USAUSA
Tel 1.480.333.2200Tel 1.480.333.2200
FAX 1.480.333.2540FAX 1.480.333.2540
sales@comtechefdata.comsales@comtechefdata.com
www.comtechefdata.comwww.comtechefdata.com