Key learning from the SRI-LMB within the context of food security, water management & climate change

Key learning from the SRI-LMB within the
Context of Food Security, Water
Management and Climate Change
Adaptation
Abha Mishra & Suresh Lokhande
ACISAI, AIT

1. Background
2. Introduction to SRI-LMB
3. Major Activities
4. Results achieved so far
5. Way Forward
Content

Recommends investing in smallholder
agriculture focusing on the following
five components:
1. Conservation and enhancement
of soil health
2. Sustainable management of
water resources
3. Extending appropriate
technologies and inputs
4. Providing the needed credit and
insurance
5. Ensuring assured and remunerative
marketing opportunities
1.Rice is closely linked to food
security .
2.Need to produce more food with
fewer resources
3. 55% of the total rice export
4. Rice occupies 60% of the total
cropped area in Thailand and
Vietnam & close to 90% in
Cambodia and Laos
5. food security for the ASEAN and
for the world
1. Assess to and the
productivity of household
resources
2. Very heterogeneous
facing different types of
constraints and
opportunities & react
differently to new market
opportunity
Challenges
Smallholder Farmers Key to Food Security

 Goal
 Development of adaptive measures to protect
against climate change so as to address the food
security and livelihood issues of rainfed
smallholders farmers in Lower Mekong River Basin
(LMB) countries
 Action
 Develop local, national and regional platform for joint
initiative and coordinated actions
 Increase crop yield, productivity and profitability on
sustainable basis at smallholders farmers’ field in rainfed
areas of LMB region. Partners stimulate and support local
innovation through farmers participatory action research
http://www.ait.ac.th/research/workshop-reports/AIT-WBI-
Workshop-Report.pdf/view#.VWafG820jjA
WBI Workshop and Genesis of the SRI-LMBWBI Workshop and Genesis of the SRI-LMB

SRI
‘Menu’ for change
 Capturing farmers imagination by enabling them to
get higher yield with reduced external inputs, and
fuelling their capacity for innovation 28-04-2017
 Offers low cost solution
 Doesn’t require
external inputs
 Practices are
amenable to farmers
experimentation
 Follows agro ecological
principles
 Transplanting younger
and fewer
seedlings/hill
 maintaining wider
spacing
 Avoiding continuous
soil saturation
 Applying compost as
much as possible

SRI-LMB@ AIT
Asian Centre of Innovation for sustainable
agriculture intensification.
AIT Research StrategySRI-LMB

28-04-2017
 CFPAR
 FPAR (3 Cycles in Cambodia
and Thailand and 2 cycles in
Laos and Vietnam
 Workshops (Local, national
and regional
 MEL (Understanding the
pattern of changes among
different group of farmers
 Policy research for prepare
and inform pro-poor options
for policy advocacy and
dialogue
 Study on “Access to
productive agriculture
land by the smallholder,
landless and land poor
 Link learning with
National Extension
System and with wider
audience
Working in 33 districts of 11 food insecure
provinces of the LMB
Major Activities

4th post FFS site (2 FT)
3rd post FFS site (2 FT)
2nd post FFS site (2 FT)
1st post FFS site (2 FT)
FPAR sites
FPAR sites
FPAR sites
Each province has three districts and each district has 4 FPAR
sites
FPAR implementation structure at province
level

28-04-2017
Farmers applied different sets of practices
Crop
management
practices
Conventional practices
(CP)
SRI-T
(SRI-I & SRI-LAP)
SRI-D
Seedling age 40-60 day-old
(established by
baseline)
39-20 day-old 8-19 day-old*
(8-15 day-old for
Cambodia and
Thailand)
Seed rate 100-150 kg/ha 20-30% less than CM 5-20 kg/ha
Transplanting
spacing
Crowded, 10 x 10 cm 10 x 15 to 19 x 19 cm 20 x 20 – 30 x 30
cm or more
Planting/hill >5-6 4-5 seedlings/hill 1-3 seedlings/hill
Soil condition Flooded (or no effort in
maintaining aerobic soil
condition
Relatively aerobic soil
condition with respect
to CM either through
shallow water level or
through intermittent
drying
Maintaining
aerobic soil
condition at
least for a week
during tillering
stage

Experimental method for field testing and data
handling
Design and data handling
at field
 Three treatments and 4 replications
(minimum) for each experiment
 Data collection and analysis
(average) by farmers at three
growth stages (Tillering, flowering,
and harvesting)
 Data recorded by farmers using
farmers diary
 Data were compiled by district
trainer and subsequently by
provincial coordinator
 Data collection process was
backstopped by researcher
28-04-2017

Data handling at national and regional level
 System Architecture
28-04-2017
INTERNET
Input Data
Download Output File
Save data into DB
Query Data

Background and Rationale
Learning Exercise Methodology
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate key learnings within the context of food security, water
management and climate change adaptation from SRI-LMB region
DATA: Year 2015 and Baseline data
Based on cropping practices implemented in experimentation across SRI-LMB
countries, the terminologies used as follows to report findings:
 SRI: SRI practices (defined in this project)
 FP: Farmers practices (conventional practices)
 SRI-T: Learning plots with combination (mix) of SRI and locally adapted
practices
 Baseline: Data collected with conventional practices prior to
implementation of project’s experimental sites across countries

Background and Rationale
Learning Exercise Methodology (SRP performance indicators)
VARIABLES:
 Improved Livelihood:
• Productivity (yield), tons/ha
• Profitability (net return), US$/ha
• Labor productivity, kg of rice yield/man-day of labor
 Resource Use Efficiency:
• Water productivity, kg of rice yield/m3 of water input
• Inorganic fertilizer use efficiency, kg of rice yield/kg of inorganic fertilizer
• Total energy input (Chemical, Mechanical and Biological), GJ/ha
 Climate change mitigation:
• Greenhouse gas emissions – (CH4, N2O, CO2), tCO2 eq./ha
• GHG emissions (Rainfed and Irrigated scenarios)

Key Learnings: Improved Livelihood
Improved livelihood
 Productivity: Rice yield (Kg/ha)
 Profitability: Net income (US$/ha)
 Labor Productivity: kg of rice yield/man-day labor

Productivity - Percent change w.r.t. Baseline
19
30
53
110
66
-10
36
21
33
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Lao PDR Regional
%Changeinriceyieldw.r.t.Baseline
Percent Change in Rice Yield w.r.t. Baseline (For year 2015)
SRI FP SRI-T
Substantial
increase

Profitability - Percent change w.r.t. Baseline
434
31
428
19
70
196
-5
-1
231
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
%changeinNetReturnsw.r.t.Baseline
Percent change in Net Returns w.r.t. Baseline (For year 2015)
SRI FP SRI-T
Much needed
financial support
for household

80
-20
162
-35
66
74
-26
135
-50
0
50
100
150
200
%ChnageonLabourProductivity,KgRice/day
oflabor
Percent Chnage in Labour Productivity, Kg Rice/day of labor (For year
2015)
SRI FP SRI-T
Labor Productivity - Percent change w.r.t. Baseline
Increase in yield
and optimum
labor input

Key Learnings: Resource Use Efficiency
Resource use efficiency
 Water productivity: kg of rice/m3 of water (Molden et al., 2010)
 Total energy input: (MJ/ha) (Chamsing et al., 2006)
• Mechanical: manual and machine labor
• Chemical: organic and inorganic fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide
• Biological: seed

Water Productivity - Percent change w.r.t. Baseline
19
30
53
110
59
-10
36
21
33
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
%ChnageinWaterProductivity,w.r.t.Baseline
Percent change in Water Productivity w.r.t. Baseline (For year 2015)
SRI FP SRI-T

Total Energy Input - Percent change w.r.t. Baseline
-52
46
-36
-74
-37
-19
53
0.49
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
%ChangeinTotalEnergyInput,GJ/ha
Percent Change in Total Energy Input w.r.t. Baseline (Estimated for year
2015)
SRI FP SRI-T
Major
contribution to
reduction in cost
of cultivation

Key Learnings: Climate Change Mitigations
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 Greenhouse gas emissions: (tCO2 eq./ha) (Hong Derath, 2014)
• CH4: emissions due to flooding
• N2O: emissions due to direct (organic and inorganic fertilizer),
indirect(decomposition and leaching)
• CO2: emissions due to fertilizer, chemical substances and fuel

Greenhouse Gas emissions (IRRIGATED)
-26
43
-20
-33
-13-13
43
-1
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
%ChangeinGreenhouseGasEmissionsw.r.t.
Baseline
Percent Chnage in GHG emissions w.r.t. Baseline (Irrigated), [Estimated for
year 2015]
SRI FP SRI-T

Greenhouse Gas emissions (RAINFED)
In general,
Irrigated rice
contribute 28%
more GHG
emissions than
Rainfed rice
Regional GHG
reduction:
Irrigated 13%
Vs
Rainfed 16%
-32
61
-23
-44
-16-16
60
-1
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
%ChangeinGreenhouseGasEmissionsw.r.t.
Baseline
Percent Chnage in GHG Emissions w.r.t. Baseline (Rainfed), [Estimated for
year 2015]
SRI FP SRI-T

Concluding Remarks
Key learnings
 SRI practices helped to improve livelihood across region by increasing rice
yield, net return and efficient use of labor
 Implementation of SRI practices tends towards better water management
and efficient use of inorganic fertilizer
 Amount of farm input decreased by adapting SRI practices and in turn
helped to reduce cost of cultivation
 We did have a great opportunity to reduce greenhouse emissions by
exploring SRI practices in rice cultivation and in turn help to balance
ecosystems

Visit SRI-LMB at: http://www.sri-lmb.ait.asia/
http://www.aimspress.com/art
icle/10.3934/agrfood.2016.2.10
2/pdf
THANK YOU
Questions/comme
nts

What Next…
Identify and address emerging issues to food security
(Introduce Climate smart Agriculture in AMS– pilot testing of
technologies and practices, such as conservation agriculture,
System of Rice Intensification, organic agriculture)-AIFS
Framework SPA (2015-2020)
- Continue facilitating the productive use of on-farm assets
- Improve farmer connectivity to markets
- Work on farmer compliance with market standards (by providing information and
organizational resources, technical support, and some critical costs)

Key learning from the SRI-LMB within the context of food security, water management & climate change

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