WHO definition: The world Health Organization (WHO) described health in1948, in the preamble to its constitution, as “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
this presentation cover the following items
Define health
Describe the different concepts and perspectives
of Health.
Describe determinants of health.
Define globalization & list its advantages and
disadvantages on health population.
Describe the different models of disease
causation theories
Introduction to Public Health course for Health Officer Students kaleabtegegne
This document provides an overview of concepts in public health. It discusses definitions of health from different perspectives, determinants of health, and models of disease causation. The history of public health and key developments are described. Public health is defined as working to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through organized community efforts. The core activities and disciplines of public health include health promotion, epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, and social and behavioral sciences. Clinical medicine focuses on individual patients while public health addresses the health of entire populations.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
community health nursing / concept of heath and disease.pptelizakoirala3
This document discusses the various determinants of health and concepts of health and disease. It outlines key factors that influence individual and public health such as education, socioeconomic status, environment, lifestyle, and access to health services. It also describes changing models of health from a biomedical view of health as an absence of disease to more holistic concepts that recognize the many social, economic, and environmental influences on well-being. Individual and community responsibility for health promotion and disease prevention is also addressed.
The document discusses key concepts related to public health including definitions of health, models of health, important public health acts, and health problems in developed and developing countries. It also provides overviews of epidemiology, describing it as the study of disease patterns and factors influencing health/illness in populations. Descriptive epidemiology focuses on characterizing disease distribution, while analytical epidemiology examines causes and risk factors. Types of epidemiology studies include observational and experimental designs.
1. Community health nursing involves promoting and preserving the health of populations through curative, preventive, and promotional health services. This includes identifying community health problems through community diagnosis.
2. A community health nurse works primarily outside of healthcare institutions to provide both primary care nursing and elements of public health practice. Their role includes participating in community health planning, coordinating nursing services with other health professionals, and conducting relevant research.
3. The goals of public health nursing as defined by the ANA are to promote and protect community health through applying knowledge from nursing, social sciences, and public health to develop overall community health plans and provide quality nursing services to the population.
This document discusses concepts of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The document outlines the changing concepts of health from biomedical to ecological to psychosocial perspectives. It describes the dimensions of health including physical, mental, social, spiritual, vocational, emotional and others. Determinants of health that influence an individual's health are discussed, including biological, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors. The document concludes by explaining indicators of health that can measure and describe the health status of individuals and populations, such as mortality, morbidity, disability, and nutritional indicators.
The document discusses the basic concepts of epidemiology and the epidemiological profile of health. It defines key terms like the medical model, wellness model, and holistic model of health. It also outlines the dimensions of health, spectrum of health, determinants of health including social determinants, and models like the illness-wellness continuum. Quality of life is discussed as a multidimensional concept involving physical, mental, emotional and social well-being. Recommended references on epidemiology, medical sociology, and public health are also provided.
This document discusses the dimensions and determinants of health according to the WHO definition. It outlines the physical, mental, social, spiritual, emotional, and vocational dimensions of health. The determinants of health include biological, behavioral, environmental, socioeconomic, health services, aging population, and gender factors. Responsibility for health is seen as involving individual self-care, community support, state provision of healthcare, and international cooperation.
Introduction to Public Health course for Health Officer Students kaleabtegegne
This document provides an overview of concepts in public health. It discusses definitions of health from different perspectives, determinants of health, and models of disease causation. The history of public health and key developments are described. Public health is defined as working to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through organized community efforts. The core activities and disciplines of public health include health promotion, epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, and social and behavioral sciences. Clinical medicine focuses on individual patients while public health addresses the health of entire populations.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
community health nursing / concept of heath and disease.pptelizakoirala3
This document discusses the various determinants of health and concepts of health and disease. It outlines key factors that influence individual and public health such as education, socioeconomic status, environment, lifestyle, and access to health services. It also describes changing models of health from a biomedical view of health as an absence of disease to more holistic concepts that recognize the many social, economic, and environmental influences on well-being. Individual and community responsibility for health promotion and disease prevention is also addressed.
The document discusses key concepts related to public health including definitions of health, models of health, important public health acts, and health problems in developed and developing countries. It also provides overviews of epidemiology, describing it as the study of disease patterns and factors influencing health/illness in populations. Descriptive epidemiology focuses on characterizing disease distribution, while analytical epidemiology examines causes and risk factors. Types of epidemiology studies include observational and experimental designs.
1. Community health nursing involves promoting and preserving the health of populations through curative, preventive, and promotional health services. This includes identifying community health problems through community diagnosis.
2. A community health nurse works primarily outside of healthcare institutions to provide both primary care nursing and elements of public health practice. Their role includes participating in community health planning, coordinating nursing services with other health professionals, and conducting relevant research.
3. The goals of public health nursing as defined by the ANA are to promote and protect community health through applying knowledge from nursing, social sciences, and public health to develop overall community health plans and provide quality nursing services to the population.
This document discusses concepts of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The document outlines the changing concepts of health from biomedical to ecological to psychosocial perspectives. It describes the dimensions of health including physical, mental, social, spiritual, vocational, emotional and others. Determinants of health that influence an individual's health are discussed, including biological, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors. The document concludes by explaining indicators of health that can measure and describe the health status of individuals and populations, such as mortality, morbidity, disability, and nutritional indicators.
The document discusses the basic concepts of epidemiology and the epidemiological profile of health. It defines key terms like the medical model, wellness model, and holistic model of health. It also outlines the dimensions of health, spectrum of health, determinants of health including social determinants, and models like the illness-wellness continuum. Quality of life is discussed as a multidimensional concept involving physical, mental, emotional and social well-being. Recommended references on epidemiology, medical sociology, and public health are also provided.
This document discusses the dimensions and determinants of health according to the WHO definition. It outlines the physical, mental, social, spiritual, emotional, and vocational dimensions of health. The determinants of health include biological, behavioral, environmental, socioeconomic, health services, aging population, and gender factors. Responsibility for health is seen as involving individual self-care, community support, state provision of healthcare, and international cooperation.
Public health has been defined as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals"
A major difference in perspective between public health and occupational therapy is that public health focuses on groups of people (populations), whereas traditionally, occupational therapy focuses on individuals.
Occupational therapists strive to see their clients through a holistic lens, looking at how personal factors interplay with the disease process. However, taking a holistic view also means taking an even wider lens and accounting for how public health issues are impacting our patients and how the provision of health care is itself, part of the public health framework.
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community health nursing, public health nursing, population, and community. It explains the differences between community health nursing and public health nursing. It also discusses the levels of prevention, determinants of health, essential public health functions, and the focus of public health and community health. The goals of community health nursing are to preserve community health through health promotion and maintenance.
This document outlines the course "Determinants of Health" taught by Abinet G. It includes the following key points:
- The course will use various teaching methods including lectures, discussions, assignments, group work and independent studies.
- The units that will be covered include topics like environmental health, social/cultural aspects of health, psychology of health and illness, and determinants of health at the individual, family and community levels.
- By the end of the course students will be able to analyze various socioeconomic, psychological, environmental and cultural determinants of health and apply principles of disease prevention and health promotion.
- The course aims to provide students with an understanding of the many factors
This document outlines a course on determinants of health taught by Abinet G. It includes the following:
- Teaching methods such as lectures, discussions, assignments, group work and independent studies.
- 14 units that will be covered ranging from introduction to human health and society to occupational health and safety.
- 5 learning objectives including analyzing socio-cultural, socio-economic, psychological and environmental determinants of health and disease.
- The scope of public health including health protection, health improvement and improving health services.
- A brief history of public health mentioning Hippocrates and the development of modern medicine in Ethiopia from traditional practices to establishing the first hospitals.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a course on public health. It includes the course description, learning objectives, and contents. The course aims to give students an introductory concept of public health and covers topics like concepts of health, public health versus clinical medicine, factors affecting health, health systems, and primary health care. It will help students define and understand key public health terms and concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a course on public health. It includes the course description, learning objectives, and contents. The course aims to give students an introductory concept of public health and covers topics like concepts of health, public health versus clinical medicine, factors affecting health, health systems, and primary health care. It will help students define and understand key public health terms and concepts.
unit.1- introduction to community health.pptxVeena Ramesh
the content briefs out about community health nursing basic knowledge, information about PHC and prevention of diseases there by promoting the health of individuals especially in the community
1. Introduction to Health Education and Promotion new.pptxWondwosenGetachew2
This document provides an introduction to health education and promotion. It defines key terms like health, health education, and health promotion. Health education aims to facilitate voluntary behavior change towards better health through a combination of learning experiences. It addresses factors beyond just knowledge like beliefs and attitudes. Health promotion also considers environmental and policy influences on health behaviors. The document discusses the historical development and evolution of these fields. Principles of primary health care include community participation and intersectoral collaboration. The rationale for health education is that behaviors are major determinants of health issues, and education seeks to empower individuals and communities to improve their health.
The document discusses the dimensions of health according to the WHO definition, which include physical, mental, and social dimensions. It also discusses other dimensions such as spiritual, vocational, philosophical, cultural, socio-economic, environmental, educational, nutritional, curative, and preventive. The determinants of health that influence health status are described as biological, behavioral, socio-cultural, environmental, socio-economic, related to health services, aging population, gender, and other factors. Finally, the document outlines the responsibilities for health of individuals, communities, states, and internationally.
19 con health.pdf good quality content help studentskush23316
This document provides an overview of concepts related to health, including definitions of health, the spectrum of health, dimensions and determinants of health, and the natural history of disease. It discusses health from anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and other perspectives. Key points include: health is defined by the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being; dimensions of health include physical, mental, and social wellbeing; determinants include heredity, environment, health services, behavior; and disease progresses through stages of susceptibility, pre-symptomatic disease, clinical disease, termination, and potential sequels.
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Health Assessment Essay
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Nutrition and Health Essay
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
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Essay on Definitions of Health
Health Anxiety
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
The WHO constitution sates that “ . . . the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”.
Concept Of Health
• Health is the common theme in most Cultures. In fact all
communities have their Concepts of health as part of their
culture. Among definitions still used, Probably the oldest is
that health is the absence of disease, In some culture health
& harmony are Considered equivalent, harmony being
defined as being at peace with the self the community goal
& cosmos. The ancient Indians & Greeks Shared this
concept & attributed disease to disturbances in bodily
equilibrium of what they called humors.
The document provides an overview of the key concepts and history of public health. It begins with definitions of public health from various experts that emphasize community efforts to promote health and prevent disease. The history section outlines milestones in public health from ancient civilizations discovering sanitation practices to modern developments like germ theory and vaccination discoveries. It also discusses the core areas of public health like epidemiology, health promotion, prevention approaches, and rehabilitation. The document aims to introduce the broad scope and evolution of the field of public health over time.
This course provides 2 credits and aims to enable students to understand and apply principles of personal and environmental health in patient care. The course objectives are to explain concepts of health, ways to promote health, and factors influencing personal and environmental health. Content includes the concepts of health and disease, promoting health, personal health habits, environmental health topics like refuse disposal and water safety, and agencies responsible for environmental health.
This chapter provides an introduction to public health including:
- Defining public health as the science of preventing disease, promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts.
- Outlining the core activities of public health such as preventing epidemics, protecting the environment, and promoting healthy behaviors.
- Describing the major disciplines of public health including nutrition, reproductive health, environmental health, and epidemiology.
- Distinguishing between clinical medicine which treats individual patients, community health which focuses on group health status, and public health which promotes population health through government actions.
- Discussing some of the ethical challenges in public health around balancing individual liberties with community health, and addressing economic and religious concerns.
This document discusses changing concepts of health from a biomedical to a holistic perspective. It defines health according to the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The document outlines six dimensions of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental. It also discusses related concepts like standards of living, level of living, quality of life, positive health, and determinants of health including biological, behavioral, environmental, socioeconomic, health services, aging, and gender factors.
This document discusses several key concepts related to health and illness. It defines health using three main concepts: the medical concept which focuses on the absence of disease; the functional concept which focuses on one's ability to function; and the wellbeing concept which focuses on feeling good. It also discusses models of health promotion, determinants of health, stages of wellness and illness, levels of prevention from primary to tertiary, and outlines some key points of a patient's bill of rights.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Semelhante a WHO definition: The world Health Organization (WHO) described health in1948, in the preamble to its constitution, as “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Public health has been defined as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals"
A major difference in perspective between public health and occupational therapy is that public health focuses on groups of people (populations), whereas traditionally, occupational therapy focuses on individuals.
Occupational therapists strive to see their clients through a holistic lens, looking at how personal factors interplay with the disease process. However, taking a holistic view also means taking an even wider lens and accounting for how public health issues are impacting our patients and how the provision of health care is itself, part of the public health framework.
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community health nursing, public health nursing, population, and community. It explains the differences between community health nursing and public health nursing. It also discusses the levels of prevention, determinants of health, essential public health functions, and the focus of public health and community health. The goals of community health nursing are to preserve community health through health promotion and maintenance.
This document outlines the course "Determinants of Health" taught by Abinet G. It includes the following key points:
- The course will use various teaching methods including lectures, discussions, assignments, group work and independent studies.
- The units that will be covered include topics like environmental health, social/cultural aspects of health, psychology of health and illness, and determinants of health at the individual, family and community levels.
- By the end of the course students will be able to analyze various socioeconomic, psychological, environmental and cultural determinants of health and apply principles of disease prevention and health promotion.
- The course aims to provide students with an understanding of the many factors
This document outlines a course on determinants of health taught by Abinet G. It includes the following:
- Teaching methods such as lectures, discussions, assignments, group work and independent studies.
- 14 units that will be covered ranging from introduction to human health and society to occupational health and safety.
- 5 learning objectives including analyzing socio-cultural, socio-economic, psychological and environmental determinants of health and disease.
- The scope of public health including health protection, health improvement and improving health services.
- A brief history of public health mentioning Hippocrates and the development of modern medicine in Ethiopia from traditional practices to establishing the first hospitals.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a course on public health. It includes the course description, learning objectives, and contents. The course aims to give students an introductory concept of public health and covers topics like concepts of health, public health versus clinical medicine, factors affecting health, health systems, and primary health care. It will help students define and understand key public health terms and concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a course on public health. It includes the course description, learning objectives, and contents. The course aims to give students an introductory concept of public health and covers topics like concepts of health, public health versus clinical medicine, factors affecting health, health systems, and primary health care. It will help students define and understand key public health terms and concepts.
unit.1- introduction to community health.pptxVeena Ramesh
the content briefs out about community health nursing basic knowledge, information about PHC and prevention of diseases there by promoting the health of individuals especially in the community
1. Introduction to Health Education and Promotion new.pptxWondwosenGetachew2
This document provides an introduction to health education and promotion. It defines key terms like health, health education, and health promotion. Health education aims to facilitate voluntary behavior change towards better health through a combination of learning experiences. It addresses factors beyond just knowledge like beliefs and attitudes. Health promotion also considers environmental and policy influences on health behaviors. The document discusses the historical development and evolution of these fields. Principles of primary health care include community participation and intersectoral collaboration. The rationale for health education is that behaviors are major determinants of health issues, and education seeks to empower individuals and communities to improve their health.
The document discusses the dimensions of health according to the WHO definition, which include physical, mental, and social dimensions. It also discusses other dimensions such as spiritual, vocational, philosophical, cultural, socio-economic, environmental, educational, nutritional, curative, and preventive. The determinants of health that influence health status are described as biological, behavioral, socio-cultural, environmental, socio-economic, related to health services, aging population, gender, and other factors. Finally, the document outlines the responsibilities for health of individuals, communities, states, and internationally.
19 con health.pdf good quality content help studentskush23316
This document provides an overview of concepts related to health, including definitions of health, the spectrum of health, dimensions and determinants of health, and the natural history of disease. It discusses health from anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and other perspectives. Key points include: health is defined by the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being; dimensions of health include physical, mental, and social wellbeing; determinants include heredity, environment, health services, behavior; and disease progresses through stages of susceptibility, pre-symptomatic disease, clinical disease, termination, and potential sequels.
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Health Assessment Essay
Global Health Essay
Nutrition and Health Essay
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Essay on Careers in Healthcare
Essay on Definitions of Health
Health Anxiety
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
The WHO constitution sates that “ . . . the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”.
Concept Of Health
• Health is the common theme in most Cultures. In fact all
communities have their Concepts of health as part of their
culture. Among definitions still used, Probably the oldest is
that health is the absence of disease, In some culture health
& harmony are Considered equivalent, harmony being
defined as being at peace with the self the community goal
& cosmos. The ancient Indians & Greeks Shared this
concept & attributed disease to disturbances in bodily
equilibrium of what they called humors.
The document provides an overview of the key concepts and history of public health. It begins with definitions of public health from various experts that emphasize community efforts to promote health and prevent disease. The history section outlines milestones in public health from ancient civilizations discovering sanitation practices to modern developments like germ theory and vaccination discoveries. It also discusses the core areas of public health like epidemiology, health promotion, prevention approaches, and rehabilitation. The document aims to introduce the broad scope and evolution of the field of public health over time.
This course provides 2 credits and aims to enable students to understand and apply principles of personal and environmental health in patient care. The course objectives are to explain concepts of health, ways to promote health, and factors influencing personal and environmental health. Content includes the concepts of health and disease, promoting health, personal health habits, environmental health topics like refuse disposal and water safety, and agencies responsible for environmental health.
This chapter provides an introduction to public health including:
- Defining public health as the science of preventing disease, promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts.
- Outlining the core activities of public health such as preventing epidemics, protecting the environment, and promoting healthy behaviors.
- Describing the major disciplines of public health including nutrition, reproductive health, environmental health, and epidemiology.
- Distinguishing between clinical medicine which treats individual patients, community health which focuses on group health status, and public health which promotes population health through government actions.
- Discussing some of the ethical challenges in public health around balancing individual liberties with community health, and addressing economic and religious concerns.
This document discusses changing concepts of health from a biomedical to a holistic perspective. It defines health according to the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. The document outlines six dimensions of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental. It also discusses related concepts like standards of living, level of living, quality of life, positive health, and determinants of health including biological, behavioral, environmental, socioeconomic, health services, aging, and gender factors.
This document discusses several key concepts related to health and illness. It defines health using three main concepts: the medical concept which focuses on the absence of disease; the functional concept which focuses on one's ability to function; and the wellbeing concept which focuses on feeling good. It also discusses models of health promotion, determinants of health, stages of wellness and illness, levels of prevention from primary to tertiary, and outlines some key points of a patient's bill of rights.
Semelhante a WHO definition: The world Health Organization (WHO) described health in1948, in the preamble to its constitution, as “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
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WHO definition: The world Health Organization (WHO) described health in1948, in the preamble to its constitution, as “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
1. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Prepared by: Dr. Abdalla Hasballa Elmanna
PhD. In Health Education
Al-Baha University KSA
Email dr.Abdalla.sd@gmail.com
2. CONCEPT OF HEALTH
At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Define health
2. Describe the different concepts and perspectives
3. of Health.
4. Describe determinants of health.
5. Define globalization & list its advantages and
6. disadvantages on health population.
7. Describe the different models of disease
8. causation theories
3. 1.2 Health
Definitions from lay point of view, professional, World Health
Organization (WHO).
Lay Point of view: Persons are healthy when they are doing
activities with no apparent symptoms of disease in them. The
New oxford Dictionary of English describes health as ‘the state of
being free from illness
or injury’.
Professional points of view: From this point, health is
s a measure of the state of the physical bodily Organs, and the
ability of the body as a whole to function. It refers to freedom
from medically defined diseases.
4. 1.2 Health
WHO definition: The world Health Organization (WHO)
described health in1948, in the preamble to its constitution, as “A
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
5. Health
Recently this statement has been expanded to include the ability
to lead a “socially and economically productive life”. The World
Health Organization definition of health cannot be considered as
an operational definition because it does not lend itself to direct
measurement. In order to overcome this lacuna a WHO group has
devised an operational definition of health. According to this
definition, the concept of health is viewed as being of two orders.
In broader sense health can be defined as “a condition or quality
of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of
the organism in given conditions, genetic or environmental” As
evident from the above definitions, health is multidimensional
.The WHO definition envisages three specific dimensions
(physical, mental, and social), some other dimensions like
6. Health
Physical health- is concerned with anatomical integrity and
physiological functioning of the body. It means the ability to
perform routine tasks without any physical restriction. E.g.,
Physical fitness is needed to walk from place to place.
Mental Health- is the ability to learn and think clearly and
coherently. E.g., a person who is not mentally fit (retarded) could
not learn something new at a pace in which an ordinary normal
person learns.
Social health- is the ability to make and maintain acceptable
interaction with other people. E.g. to celebrate during festivals; to
mourn when a close family member dies; to create and maintain
friendship and intimacy, etc.
7. Health
Emotional health - is the ability of expressing emotions in the
appropriate way, for example to fear, to be happy, and to be angry.
angry. The response of the body should be congruent with that of
the stimuli. Emotional health is related to mental health and
includes feelings. It also means maintaining one’s own integrity in
in the presence of stressful situation such as tension, depression
and anxiety.
Spiritual Health - Some people relate health with religion; for
others it has to do with personal values, beliefs, principles and ways
ways of achieving mental satisfaction, in which all are related to
their spiritual wellbeing.
8. Public Health 2
Public Health
Definition of Public Health 1:
• The approach to medicine that is concerned with the health of the community
as a whole. Public health is community health. It has been said that: "Health
care is vital to all of us some of the time, but public health is vital to all of us all
of the time."
• The mission of public health is to "fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions
in which people can be healthy." The three core public health functions are:
• The assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at
risk to identify health problems and priorities;
• The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national
health problems and priorities;
• To assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care,
including health promotion and disease prevention services, and evaluation of the
effectiveness of that care
9. A Dictionary’s Definition of Public Health
“the science and practice of protecting and
improving the health of the community, as by
preventive medicine, health education, control
of communicable diseases, application of
sanitary measures, and monitoring of
environmental hazards.”
Source: The American Heritage Dictionary, Public Health Institute.
PUBLIC HEALTH 101.
10. CEA Winslow’s Definition of Public Health, 1920
(short version)
“the science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life and promoting health and
efficiency through organized community
effort.”
Source: CEA Winslow, 1920.
11. John Last’s Definition of Public Health, 1980
“… efforts organized by society to protect, promote, and
restore the people’s health … combination of sciences,
skills, and beliefs directed to maintenance and
improvement of health of all people through collective
or social actions … emphasis on prevention of disease …
activities change with changing technology & social
values, but goals remain the same.”
Source: John Last, 1980
12. 12
“Public health is what we, as a society, do
collectively to assure the conditions in which
people can be healthy.”
Source: Institute of Medicine Report (IOM).
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH. Washington DC:
National Academy Press. 1988.
Public Health Defined, 1988
13. Public Health 3
Definitions of Public Health :
1. Public Health is "the science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health
through the organized efforts and informed choices
of society, organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals." It is concerned with
threats to the overall health of a community based
on population health analysis. The population in
question can be as small as a handful of people or as
as large as all the inhabitants of several continents
(for instance, in the case of a pandemic). Public
health is typically divided into epidemiology,
biostatistics and health services. Environmental,
social, behavioral, and occupational health are also
14. Different perspectives on health
Health is viewed as a right, as consumption good, and as an
investment. Some view health as a right similar to justice or
political freedom. The WHO constitution sates that “ . . . the
enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of
the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction
of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”.
Others view health as an important individual objective of
material aspect i.e. as consumption good. The third view
considers health as an investment, indicates health as an
important prerequisite for development because of its
consequence on the overall production through its effect on the
productive ability of the productive force. These different views
indicate differences in the emphases given to health by
15. Determinants of health
Health or ill health is the result of a combination of different factors. There
are different perspectives in expressing the determinants of health of an
individual or a community.
• The health field concept
According to the “Health field” concept. There are four major determinants
of health or ill health.
1. A. Human Biology:
Every Human being is made of genes. In addition, there are factors, which
are genetically transmitted from parents to offspring. As a result, there is a
chance of transferring defective trait. The modern medicine does not have a
significant role in these cases.
a. Genetic Counseling: For instance during marriage parents could be
made aware of their genetic component in order to overcome some risks
that could arise.
b. Genetic Engineering: may have a role in cases like Breast cancer.
16. Determinants of health
B. Environment:
is all that which is external to the individual human host. Those are factors
outside the human body. Environmental factors that could influence health
include:
a. Life support, food, water, air etc
b. Physical factors, climate, Rain fall
c. Biological factors: microorganisms, toxins, Biological waste,
d. Psycho-social and economic e.g. Crowding, income level, access to health
care
e. Chemical factors: industrial wastes, agricultural waste , air pollution, etc
17. Determinants of health
C. Life style (Behavior): is an action that has a specific frequency, duration,
and purpose, whether conscious or unconscious. It is associated with
practice. It is what we
do and how we act.
Recently life style by itself received an increased amount of attention as a
major determinant of health. Life style of individuals affects their health
directly or indirectly.
For example:
• Cigarette smoking
• Unsafe sexual practice
• Eating contaminated food
18. Determinants of health
D. Health care organization Health care organizations in terms of their resource in
human power, equipment's, money and so on determine the health of people. It is
concerned with:
a. Availability of health service
People living in areas where there is no access to health service are affected by
health problems and have lower health status than those with accessible health
services.
b. Scarcity of Health Services leads to inefficient health service and resulting in poor
quality of health status of people.
c. Acceptability of the service by the community d. Accessibility : in terms of
physical distance, finance etc.
e. Quality of care that mainly focuses on the comprehensiveness, continuity and
integration of the health care. The other view of the determinants of health is from
20. 20
Characteristics of Public Health
• “A broad social enterprise or system.”
• “A body of knowledge and techniques that can be applied to
health-related problems.”
• “Public health is literally the health of the public as measured in
terms of health and illness.”
• “Social justice is said to be the cornerstone of public health.”
Source: Turnock B. PUBLIC HEALTH – WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT
WORKS, FOURTH EDITION. 2009.
Sudbury MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
21. 21
20th Century’s Top Ten Achievements
in Public Health
1. Fluoridation of drinking water
2. Control of infectious diseases
3. Motor vehicle safety
4. Safer workplaces
5. Safer and healthier foods
6. Healthier mothers and babies
7. Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
8. Family planning
9. Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke
10. Immunizations
22. Public Health 4
Public health functions include:
1. Health surveillance, monitoring and analysis
2. Investigation of disease outbreaks, epidemics and risk to health
3. Establishing, designing and managing health promotion and disease
prevention programmes
4. Enabling and empowering communities to promote health and reduce
inequalities
5. Creating and sustaining cross-Government and intersectoral partnerships to
improve health and reduce inequalities
6. Ensuring compliance with regulations and laws to protect and promote health
7. Developing and maintaining a well-educated and trained, multi-disciplinary
public health workforce
8. Ensuring the effective performance of NHS services to meet goals in improving
health, preventing disease and reducing inequalities
9. Research, development, evaluation and innovation
10. Quality assuring the public health function
From: Wikipedia December 28 2008
23. Public Health aims…
• Prevents epidemics and the spread of
disease
• Protects against environmental hazards
• Responds to disasters and assists
communities in recovery
24. Public Health…
• Prevents injuries
• Promotes healthy behaviors
• Assures the quality and accessibility of
health services
25. A Public Health System
• Who?
• Public units
• Private units
• Voluntary units
• What?
• A network
26. Major specialist in public health
• Diverse and Multidisciplinary
• Examples…
Biostatisticians
Dieticians
Environmental Health Specialists
Behavioral Health Specialists
27. Core Components in public health
ASSESSMENT
of the health of
the community
ASSURANCE
of the public’s
health
POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
in the public’s
interest
28. 10 Essential public health Services
1. Monitor health status
to identify community
health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate the
common health problems and
health hazards in the community
29. 10 Essential Services
3. Inform, educate, and
empower people about
health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships
in order to identify and solve
health problems
30. 10 Essential Services
5. Develop policies and plans that
support health efforts.
6. Enforce laws and regulations that
protect health and
ensure safety
31. 10 Essential Services
7. Link people to personnel
health services and
assure the provision of
health care
8. Assure a competent public health
and health care workers.
32. 10 Essential Services
9. Evaluate the effectiveness
accessibility, and quality of services
10. Research for new insights and
innovative solutions to health
problems.
36. Achievements
• Control of Infectious
Diseases
• Family Planning
• Decline in Deaths from
Heart Disease & Stroke
37. Achievements
• Recognition of Tobacco
Use as a Health Hazard
a) Healthier Mothers
and Babies
• Fluoridation of Drinking
Water
38. Aims of Public Health
• Prevents epidemics and the spread of disease
• Protects against environmental hazards
• Prevents injuries
• Promotes and encourages healthy behaviors
• Responds to disasters and assists communities in recoveries
• Assures the quality and accessibility of health services
39. Public Health Fundamentals
• 5 Ps of Public Health (expansion from the 3 Ps)
• Prevention (individual and community-focused)
• Promotion (voluntary, education, advocacy)
• Protection (policies/regulations; enforcement)
• Population-based (communities, groups)
• New 5th P: Preparedness (e.g., bioterrorism, natural disasters, pandemics)
• Closely linked to Environmental Health
40. Factors affecting of community health
1. Physical Determinants -The physical factors affecting the health of a
community include: the geography (e.g. high land versus low land), the
environment (e.g. manmade or natural catastrophes) and the industrial
development (e.g. pollution occupational hazards)
2. Socio – cultural determinants – The socio- cultural factors affecting the
health of a community include the beliefs, traditions, and social customs in
the community. It also involves the economy, politics and religion in the
community.
3. Community organization - Community organization include the
community size, arrangement and distribution of resources (“relations of
productions’)
4. Behavioral determinants- The behavioral determinants affecting health
include individual behavior and life style affecting the health of an
individual and the community.
41. Globalization and Health
Globalization is the process of increasing political and social
interdependence and global integration that takes place as capital,
traded goods, persons, concepts, images, ideas and Values diffuse
across the stated boundaries (Hurrel &woods 1995).
Globalization must ensure that people, particularly the poor, enjoy
better health that is the most important factor in improving the
economic wellbeing of the population in general and in reducing
poverty in particular. The effects of Globalization on health are
diverse; these can be positive, negative or mixed. Some of the
effects of Globalization are listed hereunder.
42. Effects of Globalization on health includes
• Externalities of some diseases due to increased communication
decreased human mobility
• Accelerated economic growth and technological advances have
enhanced health and life expectancy in many population
• Increasing effects of international and bilateral agencies (structural
adjustment programs and Global initiatives)
• Jeopardizing population health Via erosion of social and
environmental conditions and exacerbating inequalities
• Other health risks of Globalization includes - Fragmentation and
weakening of labor markets due to greater power of mobile capital
• Tobacco induced diseases
43. Effects of Globalization on health includes
• - Food markets & obesity as well as chemicals in food
• - Rapid spread of infectious diseases
• - Depression in aged and fragmented population
• - Adverse effects on the environment
44. Model of disease causation theories
• A model is a representation of a system that specifies its
components and the relationships among the variables.
• E.g. includes graphs, charts, and decision trees
• I – Nineteen-century models
• Each effort to prevent disease in the 19th century was based on
one or the other three theories of disease causality. These are:
1. Contagion theory
2. Supernatural theory
3. Personal behavior theory
4. Miasma theory
45. 1. Contagion theory
• This theory was common at the beginning of the 19th century.
Most official disease prevention activities were based on the
hypothesis that illness is contagious. It required :
• Keeping sick people away from well people.
• The institution of quarantine of ships (the traditional period was
forty days la quarantine) during which time ships, their crews
and cargos waited off shores or at some isolated islands.
• Setting up military cordons around infected towns
• Isolation of households if they were infected, and
• Fumigating or washing the bedding and clothing of the sick.
46. 1. Contagion theory
• Problems confounded the acceptance of this theory were
• There were too many instances where people become ill regardless of
their isolation from human contact and
• Too many others where brave souls nursed the dying and carried their bodies
to the graveyard yet remained well.