What is Alopecia/Hair loss? How the baldness occur? what is the treatment protocols? management of hair loss. hair loss testing techniques. diet should follow. exercises should follow. laser treatment for hair loss. physiotherapy treatment for hair loss. yoga for hair loss
1. ALOPECIA / HAIR LOSS
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2. Content
Introduction
Definition
Types of hair
Structure of the hair
Hair growth cycle
Classification of alopecia
Causes of alopecia
Symptoms of alopecia
Diagnosis of alopecia
Prevention
Treatment
3. Introduction
Hair is a simple structure that is made up of Protein filaments called Keratin which is also the
primary component of finger and toe nails.
It's an important part of appearance and creates gender identity.
Humans develop hair follicles during fetal development, and no new follicles are produced after
birth.
Scalp: about 1,00,000 hairs.
Growth rate: about 1cm/month ( terminal hair ).
4. Definition
Alopecia is defined as the loss of hair from areas
where hair normally grows•
Partial or complete baldness or loss of hair.
Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness,
refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or
body.
6. Body Hair
Fetal hair –
• Lanugo hair: soft, fine, lightly pigmented
hairs.
Adult hair –
• Vellus hair: fine hairs cover most of the
body of youngsters and adults.
• Terminal hair: long, coarse, pigmented
hairs with larger diameters.
7. Structure of the hair
• Human hair is divided into two parts.
• Hair Root (roots are underground)- located
below the epidermis .
• Hair Shaft- located above the epidermis.
8. Structure of the Hair Root
*Hair Follicle -tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the
hair root.
*Hair Bulb -part of a strand of hair; thickened, club-shaped.
*Dermal Papilla -small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair
follicle that fits into the hair bulb.
*Arrector Pili Muscle - small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle;
when it contracts, we get goose bumps.
*Sebaceous Glands- oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles;
secretes sebum (fatty, oily substance)
9. Structures of the hair Shaft
*Hair cuticle- outermost layer of hair; consists of a single, overlapping
layer of transparent, scale-like cells; protects inner structure of hair;
creates shines and smoothness.
*Cortex -Cortex- middle layer of the hair; 90% of total hair weight
comes from the cortex; elasticity and color are the result of protein in
the cortex.
*Medulla-innermost layer of hair; generally only thick, coarse hair
contains a medulla; has no known purpose
10. Hair Growth Cycle
There are three type of hair growth cycle:
1. Anagen (Growing phase)
2. Catagen (Transition phase)
3. Telogen (Resting phase)
11. Anagen Phase
Hair growth begins with the Anagen
Phase, also known as the growth phase.
This period lasts between two to six
years. Hairs in the active growth phase
are called Anagen or sometimes
terminal hairs.
12. Catagen phase
Known as the transitional phase, the Catagen
Phase is the shortest of all the phases.
During this phase, which lasts for a few
weeks, the hair follicles begin to involute as
they transition to the resting or telogen
phase.
13. Telogen phase
Known as the resting phase, the Telogen Phase lasts
for about 3-4 months. About 15% of hairs on the scalp
are in this phase. Hairs are shed from their resting
follicles at this time. About 25-100 hair shafts in the
Telogen phase are shed each day.
14. Classification of alopecia
There are different types of alopecia. the main
types of hair loss are:
• Alopecia Areata (AA)
• Alopecia Totalis (AT)
• Alopecia Universalis (AU)
• Alopecia Barbae
• Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA)
• Scarring Alopecias (Cicatricial Alopecias)
15. Alopecia areata (AA)
• Alopecia areata is an
autoimmune condition
which causes patchy hair
loss. It can result in a single
bald patch or extensive
patchy hair loss.
16. Alopecia Totalis (AT)
• Alopecia totalis is a more
advanced form of alopecia
areata which results in total
loss of all hair on the scalp.
17. Alopecia Universalis (AU)
• Alopecia universalis is the most
advanced form of alopecia
areata which results in total loss
of all hair on the body, including
eyelashes and eyebrows.
18. Alopecia Barbae
• Alopecia barbae is alopecia
areata that is localised to the
beard area. It can be a single
bald patch or more extensive
hair loss across the whole of
the beard area.
19. Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA)
• Also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness.
• It is a thinning of the hair to an almost transparent state, in bothmen or women.
• It is hereditary
• In both men and women, it's linked to having an excess of male hormones
(androgens) around the hair follicles, which can block hair growth.
• Women are more likely to develop androgenic alopecia after menopause, when
they have fewer female hormones.
• Most cases of hair loss are due to androgenic alopecia.
21. • Scarring alopecias refers to a group of rare
disorders which cause permanent hair loss.
• Caused by any inflammatory processes which
causes permanent damage to hair follicles.
(burns, bacterial infections, autoimmune
diseases)
Scarring Alopecia (Cicatricial
Alopecia)
22. Causes of alopecia
Physical stress: surgery, illness, anemia, lack of sleep.
Emotional stress:psychiatric illness, death of family member, job loss, anxiety etc.
Diet consideration: rapid weight loss or gain, unusual dieting habits, protein
intake failure, prolonged fasting.
Hormonal causes:postpartum, oral contraceptives, menopause, ingestion of
testosterone containing hormone supplements.
Endocrinopathy: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism.
23. Symptoms of alopecia
Common symptoms of alopecia include:
Patches of hair loss, including your scalp, facial hair,
eyebrows, eyelashes and body hair.
Nail pitting.
but in rare cases, they may:
Itch (pruritus).
Develop Visible, mouth-like Openings in your hair Follicles.
24. Diagnosis of alopecia
Based on clinical symptoms.
1. The pull test: Gentle traction is exerted on a group of hair (about 40-60) on 3 different areas of the
scalp. if more than 10 hairs are obtained, the pull test is considered positive
2. Scalp biopsy:
3. Daily hair counts: more than 100/day
4. Trichoscopy:
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Complete blood count( CBC)
25. Prevention
Eat a nutritionally balanced diet.
Avoid tight hairstyles, such as braids, buns or ponytails.
Avoid compulsively twisting, rubbing or pulling your hair.
Treat your hair gently when washing and brushing. A wide-toothed comb
may help prevent pulling out hair.
Avoid combing in wet condition.
Avoid harsh treatments such as hot rollers, curling irons, hot oil
treatments and permanents.
Head massage with any natural oil and proper cleaning thereafter shall be
helpful
26. Treatment for alopecia
Treatment options include:
Corticosteroids: Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat autoimmune
diseases.Corticosteroids are injected into your scalp or other areas.
Minoxidil (Rogaine ®) : minoxidil is a topical drug that treats male and female pattern
baldness.
Platelet-rich plasma: A healthcare provider removes blood from your body,
processes it and then injects it into your scalp to stimulate hair growth.
Styling techniques : If your body doesn’t respond to other treatment options, you may be
able to obscure or hide your hair loss with certain hairstyles ,wigs or hair weaves .
27. Alopecia cure by physiotherapy
We are introducing India's 1st Hair Regeneration treatment by physiotherapy,it is
completely non-invasive which means there will be no cuts, no wounds, no stitches,
no medications, and no side- effects.
PUVA Therapy -
PUVA is a safe treatment modality .
Psoralen plus UVA therapy (PUVA) can be administered
with the psoralen delivered topically as a gel or paint ,or
orally.
28. Laser Therapy
Laser therapy for hair growth
has a 95% success rate.
• low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to
stimulate hair follicles and
promote hair growth.
29. Exercise for hair growth
Regular exercise has a positive impact on hair growth. Here
are some exercises that can help you achieve long and
healthy hair
Cardiovascular Exercises:
Cardiovascular exercises such as
running, cycling and swimming can
help increase blood circulation to the
scalp which promotes healthy hair
growth
31. Breathing exercise:
Breathing exercises like deep
breathing can help enhance hair
growth and promote relaxation by
reducing stress levels. Stress is a
common cause of hair loss
1. Side-to-Side Hops-
This exercise is known to help with hair
growth by improving your blood
circulation.
32. Scalp massage
Scalp massage is an excellent approach to increase blood flow to
the scalp, which is necessary for good hair development. To do a
scalp massage, softly stroke your scalp in a circular manner with
your fingertips.
36. 1. About how many follicles do you have on your scalp?
2. Which form of alopecia results in all of the hair on the entire body
falling out?
3. What is hair made up of ?
4. What are the 3 stage of hair growth cycle ?
5. What is fetal body hair called?
