This document provides an overview of various topics related to social and professional issues in law and business. It discusses definitions of criminal law, civil law, and the legislative process. It also examines the concept of a profession, continuing professional development, education, and representing a profession. Additionally, it outlines topics such as organizing a company, financing a start-up, human resources issues, anti-discrimination legislation, and structuring and managing organizations. The document serves as a reference for key concepts and terms across multiple areas of law, business, and professional issues.
Types of Organizational Cultures Essay
The Five Types of Organizational Structure
4 Types Of Teams Essay
Essay about Organizational Structures
Two Types Of Organizational Structure
Essay about Organizational Culture
Henry Mintzberg s Organizational Archetypes
The Four Types Of Organizational Cultures
Assignment : Types Of Business Organization
Organizational Structure
Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Levels Of Management Essay
Organizational Structure And Life Cycle
Organizational Structure Essay
This document discusses key concepts in organization theory. It outlines current challenges facing organizations like globalization, ethics, speed of change, and the digital workplace. It then defines six dimensions along which organizations can be analyzed and compared: specialization, standardization, formalization, centralization, professionalism, and personnel ratios. Specialization refers to job division and tasks, standardization is rules and procedures, formalization is use of written rules, and centralization is where decision-making power lies in the hierarchy. Professionalism measures employee education levels and personnel ratios examine staff allocation across functions.
There are two main types of organizational structures: functional and product. A functional structure groups employees by specialty, with marketing, engineering, etc. reporting to the CEO. A product structure organizes the company by the products or brands it sells. The document also discusses divisional, geographical, and matrix structures. Key factors in choosing a structure include company strategy, size, operations, and whether it has multiple locations or products.
The document discusses the concept of organization, defining it as a group of people working together to achieve common goals. It also outlines different levels within organizations from individuals to entire groups and departments. Finally, it examines different theories of organizational structure, comparing approaches like functional specialization versus fewer management levels between top and bottom of the organization.
Organizational Structure
Essay about Cisco Systems
Essay on Ideology
Advantages Of Formal Business Structure
Mg/561 Organizational Structure
The Structural Theory of Functionalism Essay
Carbon Essay
Essay On Business Structure
Presentation Analysis Essay examples
The Structure and Agency Debate
Rubber Egg Lab Essay examples
Structure and Agency Essay
Describe A Molecules Structure
The Structural Theory Of Poverty
Essay about Structuralism
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviourijtsrd
This article aimed to determine whether there are differences in opinion between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when assessing the different environmental factors that favour or hinder entrepreneurial behaviour. This article comes to the conclusion that there are significant differences between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when they assess the factors that, in their opinion, are hindering or promoting entrepreneurial behaviour. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37922.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/37922/factors-influencing-the-entrepreneurial-behaviour/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
Building Collaborative Relationships Final2ChrisBruhl
The document discusses building collaborative relationships through public-private partnerships. It outlines the goals of enhancing knowledge of partnerships, developing understanding of successful collaboration models, and learning innovative approaches. It then provides details on the Business Council of Fairfield County and its role in connecting organizations across sectors through leveraging existing relationships and social networks to identify opportunities for collaboration focused on shared objectives and mutual benefit.
Types of Organizational Cultures Essay
The Five Types of Organizational Structure
4 Types Of Teams Essay
Essay about Organizational Structures
Two Types Of Organizational Structure
Essay about Organizational Culture
Henry Mintzberg s Organizational Archetypes
The Four Types Of Organizational Cultures
Assignment : Types Of Business Organization
Organizational Structure
Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Levels Of Management Essay
Organizational Structure And Life Cycle
Organizational Structure Essay
This document discusses key concepts in organization theory. It outlines current challenges facing organizations like globalization, ethics, speed of change, and the digital workplace. It then defines six dimensions along which organizations can be analyzed and compared: specialization, standardization, formalization, centralization, professionalism, and personnel ratios. Specialization refers to job division and tasks, standardization is rules and procedures, formalization is use of written rules, and centralization is where decision-making power lies in the hierarchy. Professionalism measures employee education levels and personnel ratios examine staff allocation across functions.
There are two main types of organizational structures: functional and product. A functional structure groups employees by specialty, with marketing, engineering, etc. reporting to the CEO. A product structure organizes the company by the products or brands it sells. The document also discusses divisional, geographical, and matrix structures. Key factors in choosing a structure include company strategy, size, operations, and whether it has multiple locations or products.
The document discusses the concept of organization, defining it as a group of people working together to achieve common goals. It also outlines different levels within organizations from individuals to entire groups and departments. Finally, it examines different theories of organizational structure, comparing approaches like functional specialization versus fewer management levels between top and bottom of the organization.
Organizational Structure
Essay about Cisco Systems
Essay on Ideology
Advantages Of Formal Business Structure
Mg/561 Organizational Structure
The Structural Theory of Functionalism Essay
Carbon Essay
Essay On Business Structure
Presentation Analysis Essay examples
The Structure and Agency Debate
Rubber Egg Lab Essay examples
Structure and Agency Essay
Describe A Molecules Structure
The Structural Theory Of Poverty
Essay about Structuralism
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviourijtsrd
This article aimed to determine whether there are differences in opinion between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when assessing the different environmental factors that favour or hinder entrepreneurial behaviour. This article comes to the conclusion that there are significant differences between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs when they assess the factors that, in their opinion, are hindering or promoting entrepreneurial behaviour. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi "Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Behaviour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37922.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/37922/factors-influencing-the-entrepreneurial-behaviour/dr-le-nguyen-doan-khoi
Building Collaborative Relationships Final2ChrisBruhl
The document discusses building collaborative relationships through public-private partnerships. It outlines the goals of enhancing knowledge of partnerships, developing understanding of successful collaboration models, and learning innovative approaches. It then provides details on the Business Council of Fairfield County and its role in connecting organizations across sectors through leveraging existing relationships and social networks to identify opportunities for collaboration focused on shared objectives and mutual benefit.
The document discusses developing strategic community alliances through Institutional Collaborative and Community Outreach Agreements (ICCOAs) and Activity Agreements (AAs). ICCOAs outline the agreement between organizations to collaborate, while AAs lay out detailed plans for specific collaborative projects or activities following an ICCOA. Collaborations help organizations better serve communities by sharing resources. ICCOAs and AAs demonstrate an ability to work with others and attract potential funders who want to see evidence of collaborative efforts. The process for developing agreements involves identifying opportunities, drafting ICCOAs outlining goals and responsibilities, and creating AAs with specific activities, timelines, and outcomes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Integration & Quality of Work Life by Raja Rao PagidipalliRaja Ramesh
This document discusses quality of work life and industrial relations. It defines quality of work life as the degree to which workers can satisfy personal needs through their job experiences. Eight criteria for measuring quality of work life are described, including adequate compensation, safe working conditions, opportunities for growth and social relevance of work. Quality circles are discussed as a way to involve workers in problem solving. Industrial relations are defined as relationships between workers and management. Causes of industrial disputes and methods for settling disputes like investigation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration are outlined.
This essay discusses the importance of organizational structure for businesses. It begins by defining organizational structure and explaining its purpose. The second paragraph discusses three main types of organizational structures - functional, divisional, and matrix structures. The third paragraph analyzes factors that influence the choice of organizational structure, such as a company's strategy, size, and industry. The conclusion restates the key role of organizational structure in allowing businesses to operate efficiently.
The essay opens by defining organizational structure as the framework for how job tasks are divided and how information flows within a company. It states that structure provides the foundation for how a business is operated and managed. The second paragraph then
The ACT annual meeting featured speakers who challenged ACT to think differently about how to improve education and workforce outcomes. Steve Perry, founder of Capital Preparatory Magnet School, encouraged ACT to create a test that measures what students can learn rather than what they already know. Anthony Carnevale said the US economy needs a "jolt" to get out of a catch-22 situation where workers lack skills and employers lack incentives for workers to gain skills. ACT leaders discussed how measuring multiple dimensions of readiness across kindergarten through career can help align people's interests with education and career opportunities.
This document is a project report submitted by Preetam Salve to Prof. Dr. Varsha Sonawane on the topic of organizational structure. It includes a declaration, certificate, acknowledgements, and index sections. The introduction provides definitions of key terms like company, corporation, and organizational structure. The review of literature section summarizes several academic sources on organizational structure and the relationship between structure and public relations roles. The objectives of the study are to understand organizational structure, management, design, and corporate strategies. The research methodology uses secondary data sources. The report then discusses functional organizational structure, its strengths in allowing specialization, and weaknesses in coordination.
The document discusses the process of organizing within management. It defines organizing as identifying and grouping work to be performed, delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationships. The key aspects of organizing discussed include differentiation of tasks, integration of units, and the nature of organizations as involving groups working toward common objectives through division of labor and cooperation. The importance of organizing is also summarized as facilitating administration, encouraging growth, enabling optimal technology use, and ensuring coordination among members. Finally, the document outlines the process of organizing as identifying activities, grouping activities, assigning duties, and delegating authority.
The document discusses the concept of organization from several perspectives:
- An organization can be defined as a social arrangement that pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has boundaries separating it from the environment.
- Organizing establishes relationships between activities and authority within a structure, whether it be a business, charity, or other type of group.
- There are multiple ways to interpret organizing, including how management designs structures, groups work, and establishes relationships among functions, jobs, and employees.
- Key concepts in organization include division of labor, formal charts, chains of command, communication channels, and hierarchies. Organizing is both an art and a science, applying skills and knowledge to solve problems and
Impact of Corporate Governance on Organizational PerformanceJenıstön Delımä
Citation: Delima, V. J., & Ragel, V. R. (2017). Impact of corporate governance on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 5(5).
Abstract- This study examined whether corporate governance has impact on organizational performance in Financial Institutions as research problem. This research was carried out with objective to measure association between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance in Batticaloa district. Conceptual framework has been developed to measure linkages between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance. Board Size, Corporate Governance Mechanism, Communication Strategies, and Code of Conduct are considered as the measurement variables of Corporate Governance which was derived from Changezi & Saeed (2013) and Customer Satisfaction, Employee Commitment and Corporate Reputation are considered as the measurement variable of Organizational Performance which was derived from Bayoud (2012) and Carton (2004). Questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. 115 Management Respondents and 115 Customers from whole Financial Institutions in Batticaloa district have been selected for this study. Data were analyzed and evaluated by Univariate and Bivariate techniques. In Univariate analysis, Descriptive statistic has been used for the analysis. In Bivariate analysis, Correlation and multiple regressions have been used for the analysis. Findings have shown the Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance are at high level. Moreover, it also found that there is a strong positive relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance. Corporate Governance significantly impacts Organizational Performance of Financial Institutions. These findings would be useful to consider more on Corporate Governance practices to avoid the Corporate Collapses and to achieve successful Organizational Performance
Organisational Behaviour: Meaning – Elements – Need and importance – Approaches – Models – Levels - Global scenario – Socio, cultural, political and economic differences and their influence on International Organisational behaviour – Future of Organisational behaviour.
This document summarizes a research article that explores the organizational factors that allowed BRAC, a large NGO in Bangladesh, to become a sustainable social enterprise. The researchers conducted a case study of BRAC to evaluate its organizational strategy and ability to maintain its values as an NGO while operating social enterprises. Key findings were that BRAC addressed social and client needs through its unique model and strategy. Visionary leadership and competent management also helped BRAC become financially sustainable while continuing its social mission. The study provides insights into how other NGOs can establish social enterprises, especially in contexts with informal economies and unstable political systems.
A Government Agency With Fice Of Quality, Performance, And...Chelsea Porter
The document discusses various government agencies and their roles in regulating behavior and enforcing statutes passed by Congress and the executive branch. It notes that regulatory agencies exist at the federal, state, and local levels. The Food and Drug Administration and Federal Election Commission are provided as examples of federal regulatory agencies that carry out mandates from Congress. The document also discusses the three levels of government in the US - federal, state, and local - and how each draws legitimacy from the Constitution but also has its own authority and jurisdiction.
Perspectives on Collaboration: What works (we think)Lucas Cioffi
The National Academy is a non-profit organization that provides objective assessments and solutions to critical public administration issues. It explores opportunities for collaboration across government through its Collaboration Project. The Collaboration Project brings together leaders to share best practices using collaborative technologies and assists agencies in harnessing collaboration. Effective collaboration requires identifying problems where new perspectives can help, building an engaged community, and ensuring collaboration leads to productive outcomes.
The Future of Corporate Governance - a personal odyssey Pt. 2Bob Tricker
This document discusses different perspectives on defining corporate governance and the need for an overarching paradigm. It identifies five main perspectives: 1) individual and interpersonal behavior, 2) direction and control, 3) the legal perspective, 4) the economists' perspective, and 5) the stakeholder and societal perspective. Each perspective focuses on corporate governance at a different level or "system level." The document argues that a unified paradigm is needed to integrate all these perspectives and levels. It proposes using a systems theory approach to map the relationships between the different perspectives and define corporate governance at an overall "meta-level" system.
A Comparative Study of Certain Administrative and Academic Aspects of Minorit...IOSR Journals
This document discusses minority educational institutions in India and compares certain administrative and academic aspects between minority institutions and other private educational institutions. It provides background on the constitutional protections for minority institutions in India. It then examines various administrative functions of schools like planning, organization, motivation, evaluation, and record keeping. It discusses characteristics of successful school administration and concludes that there are no significant differences found between minority institutions and other private schools based on the data collected for this study.
Organisation structure and relationshipswtnspicyaqua
This document discusses organizational structure and relationships. It begins with an abstract that introduces the topic of organizational structure as a fundamental challenge in organizational behavior. Different types of organizational structures and how they are represented through organizational charts are examined. The document then provides detailed sections on definitions of organization, types of organizational structures including departmentation and spans of management, and different types of organizational relationships such as line, staff, and matrix structures. An organizational chart questionnaire related to ICICI Bank is also included. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts relating to organizational structure and relationships through definitions, examples, and theoretical frameworks.
The memo discusses whether the UNB Faculty of Business Administration in Fredericton should pursue third-party accreditation, specifically AACSB accreditation. It considers the benefits and costs of accreditation, changes to AACSB standards, stakeholder views on value, and the impact on short- and long-term strategy. The final decision should weigh costs/benefits for all, long-term impact on the faculty, and alignment with strategic direction.
Different Types Of Market Forms Essay
Different Types Of Market Structures
Essay about Organizational Structures
Different Organisational Structures And Cultures
The Types Of Market Structures
The Four Different Market Structures Essay
Organizational Structure
Major Types Of Social Structure Theories
The Five Types of Organizational Structure
The Influence Of Organisational Structure On...Sandy Harwell
This document discusses the organisational structure of a sorority organization. It begins by listing the collegiate chapters across several Midwestern states ordered from smallest to largest membership. It then describes the organizational structure, noting it is divided into 14 districts each led by a director and specialists in key areas. When exploring new chapters, the organization reaches out to local alumnae to serve as advisers and supports from the beginning. Overall it outlines the hierarchical structure and process for establishing new collegiate chapters within the organization's districts.
The document discusses developing strategic community alliances through Institutional Collaborative and Community Outreach Agreements (ICCOAs) and Activity Agreements (AAs). ICCOAs outline the agreement between organizations to collaborate, while AAs lay out detailed plans for specific collaborative projects or activities following an ICCOA. Collaborations help organizations better serve communities by sharing resources. ICCOAs and AAs demonstrate an ability to work with others and attract potential funders who want to see evidence of collaborative efforts. The process for developing agreements involves identifying opportunities, drafting ICCOAs outlining goals and responsibilities, and creating AAs with specific activities, timelines, and outcomes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Integration & Quality of Work Life by Raja Rao PagidipalliRaja Ramesh
This document discusses quality of work life and industrial relations. It defines quality of work life as the degree to which workers can satisfy personal needs through their job experiences. Eight criteria for measuring quality of work life are described, including adequate compensation, safe working conditions, opportunities for growth and social relevance of work. Quality circles are discussed as a way to involve workers in problem solving. Industrial relations are defined as relationships between workers and management. Causes of industrial disputes and methods for settling disputes like investigation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration are outlined.
This essay discusses the importance of organizational structure for businesses. It begins by defining organizational structure and explaining its purpose. The second paragraph discusses three main types of organizational structures - functional, divisional, and matrix structures. The third paragraph analyzes factors that influence the choice of organizational structure, such as a company's strategy, size, and industry. The conclusion restates the key role of organizational structure in allowing businesses to operate efficiently.
The essay opens by defining organizational structure as the framework for how job tasks are divided and how information flows within a company. It states that structure provides the foundation for how a business is operated and managed. The second paragraph then
The ACT annual meeting featured speakers who challenged ACT to think differently about how to improve education and workforce outcomes. Steve Perry, founder of Capital Preparatory Magnet School, encouraged ACT to create a test that measures what students can learn rather than what they already know. Anthony Carnevale said the US economy needs a "jolt" to get out of a catch-22 situation where workers lack skills and employers lack incentives for workers to gain skills. ACT leaders discussed how measuring multiple dimensions of readiness across kindergarten through career can help align people's interests with education and career opportunities.
This document is a project report submitted by Preetam Salve to Prof. Dr. Varsha Sonawane on the topic of organizational structure. It includes a declaration, certificate, acknowledgements, and index sections. The introduction provides definitions of key terms like company, corporation, and organizational structure. The review of literature section summarizes several academic sources on organizational structure and the relationship between structure and public relations roles. The objectives of the study are to understand organizational structure, management, design, and corporate strategies. The research methodology uses secondary data sources. The report then discusses functional organizational structure, its strengths in allowing specialization, and weaknesses in coordination.
The document discusses the process of organizing within management. It defines organizing as identifying and grouping work to be performed, delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationships. The key aspects of organizing discussed include differentiation of tasks, integration of units, and the nature of organizations as involving groups working toward common objectives through division of labor and cooperation. The importance of organizing is also summarized as facilitating administration, encouraging growth, enabling optimal technology use, and ensuring coordination among members. Finally, the document outlines the process of organizing as identifying activities, grouping activities, assigning duties, and delegating authority.
The document discusses the concept of organization from several perspectives:
- An organization can be defined as a social arrangement that pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has boundaries separating it from the environment.
- Organizing establishes relationships between activities and authority within a structure, whether it be a business, charity, or other type of group.
- There are multiple ways to interpret organizing, including how management designs structures, groups work, and establishes relationships among functions, jobs, and employees.
- Key concepts in organization include division of labor, formal charts, chains of command, communication channels, and hierarchies. Organizing is both an art and a science, applying skills and knowledge to solve problems and
Impact of Corporate Governance on Organizational PerformanceJenıstön Delımä
Citation: Delima, V. J., & Ragel, V. R. (2017). Impact of corporate governance on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 5(5).
Abstract- This study examined whether corporate governance has impact on organizational performance in Financial Institutions as research problem. This research was carried out with objective to measure association between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance in Batticaloa district. Conceptual framework has been developed to measure linkages between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance. Board Size, Corporate Governance Mechanism, Communication Strategies, and Code of Conduct are considered as the measurement variables of Corporate Governance which was derived from Changezi & Saeed (2013) and Customer Satisfaction, Employee Commitment and Corporate Reputation are considered as the measurement variable of Organizational Performance which was derived from Bayoud (2012) and Carton (2004). Questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. 115 Management Respondents and 115 Customers from whole Financial Institutions in Batticaloa district have been selected for this study. Data were analyzed and evaluated by Univariate and Bivariate techniques. In Univariate analysis, Descriptive statistic has been used for the analysis. In Bivariate analysis, Correlation and multiple regressions have been used for the analysis. Findings have shown the Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance are at high level. Moreover, it also found that there is a strong positive relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance. Corporate Governance significantly impacts Organizational Performance of Financial Institutions. These findings would be useful to consider more on Corporate Governance practices to avoid the Corporate Collapses and to achieve successful Organizational Performance
Organisational Behaviour: Meaning – Elements – Need and importance – Approaches – Models – Levels - Global scenario – Socio, cultural, political and economic differences and their influence on International Organisational behaviour – Future of Organisational behaviour.
This document summarizes a research article that explores the organizational factors that allowed BRAC, a large NGO in Bangladesh, to become a sustainable social enterprise. The researchers conducted a case study of BRAC to evaluate its organizational strategy and ability to maintain its values as an NGO while operating social enterprises. Key findings were that BRAC addressed social and client needs through its unique model and strategy. Visionary leadership and competent management also helped BRAC become financially sustainable while continuing its social mission. The study provides insights into how other NGOs can establish social enterprises, especially in contexts with informal economies and unstable political systems.
A Government Agency With Fice Of Quality, Performance, And...Chelsea Porter
The document discusses various government agencies and their roles in regulating behavior and enforcing statutes passed by Congress and the executive branch. It notes that regulatory agencies exist at the federal, state, and local levels. The Food and Drug Administration and Federal Election Commission are provided as examples of federal regulatory agencies that carry out mandates from Congress. The document also discusses the three levels of government in the US - federal, state, and local - and how each draws legitimacy from the Constitution but also has its own authority and jurisdiction.
Perspectives on Collaboration: What works (we think)Lucas Cioffi
The National Academy is a non-profit organization that provides objective assessments and solutions to critical public administration issues. It explores opportunities for collaboration across government through its Collaboration Project. The Collaboration Project brings together leaders to share best practices using collaborative technologies and assists agencies in harnessing collaboration. Effective collaboration requires identifying problems where new perspectives can help, building an engaged community, and ensuring collaboration leads to productive outcomes.
The Future of Corporate Governance - a personal odyssey Pt. 2Bob Tricker
This document discusses different perspectives on defining corporate governance and the need for an overarching paradigm. It identifies five main perspectives: 1) individual and interpersonal behavior, 2) direction and control, 3) the legal perspective, 4) the economists' perspective, and 5) the stakeholder and societal perspective. Each perspective focuses on corporate governance at a different level or "system level." The document argues that a unified paradigm is needed to integrate all these perspectives and levels. It proposes using a systems theory approach to map the relationships between the different perspectives and define corporate governance at an overall "meta-level" system.
A Comparative Study of Certain Administrative and Academic Aspects of Minorit...IOSR Journals
This document discusses minority educational institutions in India and compares certain administrative and academic aspects between minority institutions and other private educational institutions. It provides background on the constitutional protections for minority institutions in India. It then examines various administrative functions of schools like planning, organization, motivation, evaluation, and record keeping. It discusses characteristics of successful school administration and concludes that there are no significant differences found between minority institutions and other private schools based on the data collected for this study.
Organisation structure and relationshipswtnspicyaqua
This document discusses organizational structure and relationships. It begins with an abstract that introduces the topic of organizational structure as a fundamental challenge in organizational behavior. Different types of organizational structures and how they are represented through organizational charts are examined. The document then provides detailed sections on definitions of organization, types of organizational structures including departmentation and spans of management, and different types of organizational relationships such as line, staff, and matrix structures. An organizational chart questionnaire related to ICICI Bank is also included. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts relating to organizational structure and relationships through definitions, examples, and theoretical frameworks.
The memo discusses whether the UNB Faculty of Business Administration in Fredericton should pursue third-party accreditation, specifically AACSB accreditation. It considers the benefits and costs of accreditation, changes to AACSB standards, stakeholder views on value, and the impact on short- and long-term strategy. The final decision should weigh costs/benefits for all, long-term impact on the faculty, and alignment with strategic direction.
Different Types Of Market Forms Essay
Different Types Of Market Structures
Essay about Organizational Structures
Different Organisational Structures And Cultures
The Types Of Market Structures
The Four Different Market Structures Essay
Organizational Structure
Major Types Of Social Structure Theories
The Five Types of Organizational Structure
The Influence Of Organisational Structure On...Sandy Harwell
This document discusses the organisational structure of a sorority organization. It begins by listing the collegiate chapters across several Midwestern states ordered from smallest to largest membership. It then describes the organizational structure, noting it is divided into 14 districts each led by a director and specialists in key areas. When exploring new chapters, the organization reaches out to local alumnae to serve as advisers and supports from the beginning. Overall it outlines the hierarchical structure and process for establishing new collegiate chapters within the organization's districts.
Semelhante a SOCIAL-AND PROFESSIONAL-ISSUES1 lecture notes (19)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372479545
SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
Presentation · July 2023
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18404.35209
CITATIONS
0
READS
1,266
1 author:
Rolfe Matthew Alipio
La Consolacion University Philippines
1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Rolfe Matthew Alipio on 21 July 2023.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
2. SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
Rolfe Matthew Alipio
● What is the law?
o “The law is a collection of rules that governs society. A system that
protects and maintains social order and the shape of society.” (USLegal
Inc., n.d.).
● Criminal law and civil law
o “Criminal laws deal with crimes committed against the society and social
order which they disapprove of and seek to control whilst Civil laws deal
with private disputes between individuals.” Rivera, J. (2022, August 25).
● Where does the law come from?
o “Laws start as Bills that are introduced by the congress and are passed
into laws when approved by both chambers and the President. ” Clever, S.,
& Imol, Z. (2022, June 12).
● The legislative process in the Philippines
o “The legislative process in the Philippines is a long and arduous process
that includes the preparation of the bill, first reading, committee
consideration and action, second reading, third reading, transmittal of the
approved bill to the Senate, Senate action on the approved House bill, and
conference committee.” Inc., P. M. (2016, October 2).
● The legislative process in other countries
o “Every country has a different system for passing laws. In some countries,
the legislative has considerable authority, which enables it to pass laws
independently of the executive branch whilst, in other countries, the
executive branch has the power to veto legislation that it disagrees with.
3. There are also nations where the two branches work together to pass
laws.” Clever, S., & Imol, Z. (2022, June 12).
● The law across borders
o “The law across borders is a broad area of law that is complicated and
constantly evolving. It covers both transnational law and international law,
which regulate cross-border interactions between people and entities as
well as connections between countries and their populations. The
domestic laws of several countries also influence international law.”
Shaw, M. (2023, May 5).
4. THE COMPUTING PROFESSION
● The concept of a profession
o “Professions are occupations that demand unique and positive
characteristics, specialized education, and training that includes distinctive
knowledge and expertise relating to a particular field.” Saks, M. (2012).
● Royal charters
o “Are formal grants issued by royals under royal pursuant to their letters
patent. They served as a means of promoting laws. An example is the English
Magna Carta (greater charter) of 1215.” Wikipedia contributors. (2023)
● Professional Conduct
o “Professional conduct refers to the professional behavior of an employee
towards clients, employers, other colleagues, etc expected from individuals in
a professional setting. It includes how an individual conducts himself toward
problems responsibly, respectfully, diligently, courteously, and with
competence, skill, good judgment, ethics, and maturity.” MindTools | Home.
(n.d.).
● Education
o “The exchange of knowledge between people (which can also be done
through instruction or schooling and an institution) and the process of
learning something new (Scanlon et al., 2023).”
● The advancement of knowledge
o The process of improving or developing knowledge involves engaging in
intellectual activities such as research. By conducting research and
5. experimenting with new ideas, people can expand their understanding of a
subject or field, leading to personal and societal development. Improving or
developing knowledge involves engaging in intellectual activities like research
(Tannenbaum, 2021).
● Continuing professional development
o “Continuing to be proficient and competent in your profession can help you
advance in your career. This includes maintaining your professional
proficiency and competence, and by controlling your own learning and
development, you can also benefit in your personal life (Lparsons, 2022).”
● Representing the profession
o "By consistently presenting professional behavior in the work you do and the
way you do it, even outside your profession, you show that you take your
responsibilities seriously and are committed to maintaining high standards in
everything you do," reads a statement from the American Society of Business
Ethics (Saks, 2012).”
● Membership grades
o “Membership grades reflect your level of capability, knowledge, and influence
at work and are used to designate your current position in your career and
can help you understand where you stand in relation to others in your field.”
CIPD | Membership grades. (n.d.).
Reservation of title and function
o “A contract with a "reservation of title and function" reserves ownership of its
deliverables to the seller until all payments have been made (Tettenborn,
1992).”
6. WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION
● The role of organizations
o "The role of an organization is defined by its function, which involves putting
knowledge to work and serving as an important component of social and
physical environments." (Garnett & Balmford, 2022)
● Commercial organizations
o “Commercial organizations are businesses that sell products or services with
the aim of providing value to their customers and generating profit.”
Commercial Organization | UpCounsel 2023. (n.d.).
● Limited companies
o A limited company is a type of business structure in which the company is
regarded as a separate legal entity which means that the liability of the
company is restricted to the company itself and not its owners (Hayes, 2022).
● Setting up a company
o “It is to formally establish a new business, group of people, operating model,
etc.“ Haan, K. (2023, May 3).
● The constitution of a limited company
o “A limited company's constitution is a legal document that lays out the
guidelines for management, including the relationship between its directors
and shareholders.” (Peng, 2018).
● Directors
7. o “A director is a member of a board of shareholder-elected organization within
a company. It exists to safeguard the interests of shareholders and to act as
advisers to the company's executive and keep them in check.” Chen, J.
(2023).
● Takeovers, mergers, and outsourcing
o “A takeover refers to the transfer of control of a corporation from one party to
another. A merger, on the other hand, is the voluntary combination of two
companies into a single legal entity. Outsourcing involves contracting certain
business functions to an external service provider.” Methods of expansion -
external (inorganic) growth - Expanding a business - AQA - GCSE Business
Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize. (n.d.).
● Non-commercial bodies
o “A legal entity, primarily engaged in a profession organized solely for
purposes other than profit and does not operate for profit. Its income is used
by the body to achieve its purposes.”
8. STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF
ORGANIZATIONS
● Organizational models
o “An organizational structure is a framework that outlines how activities
such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward
the achievement of organizational goals. It can include a company’s
hierarchy, its lines of authority and communication, and the rights and
duties of its employees.” What Is an Organizational Model? (2018, August
29).
● Structuring principles
o “Organizational structure is a system for accomplishing and connecting
the activities that occur within a work organization. People rely on
structures to know what work they should do, how their work supports or
relies on other employees, and how these work activities fulfill the purpose
of the organization itself” 10.1 Organizational Structures and Design -
Principles of Management | OpenStax. (n.d.).
● Depth of structure
o “It defines the depth of the system used by an organization to outline how
its activities and operations are divided, organized, and coordinated.
Includes the relationship between employer, employee, departments, roles,
and responsibilities.” Kenton, W. (2023).
● Centralization
9. o “The process of consolidating planning and decision-making tasks to one
leader or location within an organization is known as centralization
(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023).”
● Setting up a structure in practice
o “In setting up a structure, we must first know and be able to differentiate
among the types of organizational structure; Functional, Divisional or
Multidivisional, Team-Based, Flat, Matrix, Circular, Network, etc. and
understand why a structure is needed.” Kenton, W. (2023).
● Job design
o “Job design is the process of grouping the responsibilities and tasks that
better describe a job position as well as the qualifications required to
adequately perform it. It is a process that companies use to create a new
job or add duties to an existing job. This allows a company to more easily
reach its goals by having more employees perform more tasks within the
organization. Job design may involve developing a new position or simply
adjusting the set of tasks that a current position encompasses “ What is
Job Design? - Definition | Meaning | Example. (2023, March 27).
10. FINANCING A START-UP COMPANY
● Why capital is needed
o “Startup capital is used to fund a business venture for a variety of reasons,
including the launch of a company, the purchase of the real estate, the hiring
of a team, the acquisition of necessary tools, the launch of a product, or the
expansion of the business (Carlson, 2020). “
● The business plan
o “In essence, a business plan should direct a founder's actions through each
stage of growth. A business plan is a detailed written document that
describes your business's activities, goals, and strategy. It includes
information on everything from the products a company sells to the executive
summary to the overall management (Gross, 2022) “
● Sources of finance
o “A company's success depends on having a reliable source of financing
because it guarantees that there will be enough money to pay for all
necessary costs for facilities, equipment, advertising, paying employees,
paying suppliers, etc. to keep the business operating (Carlson, 2022). “
● Gearing
o “Gearing is a financial ratio that compares a company's debt or borrowed
funds to some form of owner's equity (or capital). It is a measure of an
entity's financial leverage that shows how much of a firm's activities are
funded by shareholders' funds versus creditors' funds. Carlson, R. (2020).”
11. HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES
● What are human resources?
o “Human resources (HR) professionals ensure that employees have everything
they need to perform their daily tasks and are also responsible for fostering a
positive work environment that attracts and retains qualified individuals. HR
is the department in charge of all employees and employee-related
operations in an organization (Marinaki, 2022).”
● The legal context
o “The laws and regulations that govern employment are referred to as the legal
context of human resources, and they have a significant impact on how
human resources are managed in organizations (Murphy, 2018).”
● Recruitment and selection
o “The recruitment process typically involve several steps, including
understanding the employer's needs, developing a recruitment plan, writing a
job description, advertising the open position, analyzing applications,
conducting interviews, and concluding the recruitment process. Recruiters
within the HR department take on this responsibility when the organization
looks to make a hire by creating job listings, screening candidates, and
setting up interviews (Indeed Editorial Team, 2022).”
● Staff training and development
o “Employee training can refer to anything from safety training for an entire
staff to introducing a new hire to the ins and outs of a specific job to
instructing an existing employee how to use new technology. Employee
training is any instruction or activity that teaches employees new skills or
12. enhances their current skills and performance. Employee training, for
instance, is getting a new tablet for the office and teaching your staff the
fundamentals of how to use it. Employee development, on the other hand, is
sending an employee to take an online course or obtain certification to
advance their current skills (Coursera, 2023).”
● Remuneration policies and job evaluation
o “The guidelines and principles that an organization uses to decide how much
to pay its employees are known as remuneration policies. These policies take
into account elements like the employee's job responsibilities, experience,
and performance as well as market rates for comparable positions (“What Is
a Remuneration Policy?” 2023).”
o “A hierarchy of jobs based on their importance to the organization is
established through job evaluation, which is a systematic process used to
assess the relative value of jobs within an organization. This hierarchy is then
used to determine pay scales and other compensation-related decisions (Van
Vulpen, 2023b).“
● Appraisal schemes
o “An appraisal scheme is a system used by employers to evaluate their
employees’ work performance. An appraisal system is made up of
predetermined standards that are used to gauge an employee's behavior at
work. The results are then given to the employee as feedback. Employers can
make decisions about employee promotion, compensation, and, in some
unfortunate cases, termination with the aid of an appraisal system (Reinbolt,
2023).”
● Redundancy, dismissal, and grievance procedures
13. o “Redundancy is a form of termination, and if you're being made redundant,
you might be entitled to certain benefits, such as redundancy pay, a notice
period, a consultation with your employer, the option to move into a different
position, and time off to look for a new job.”
o “Dismissal is when your employer terminates your employment for a valid
reason, such as misconduct or redundancy. A fair procedure must be
followed.”
o “A grievance procedure is a formal process for resolving workplace issues.
Your employer should have one, and if you’re unhappy with the outcome, you
may take your case to an employment tribunal.”
o Dismissals and Redundancy | Peninsula UK. (n.d.).
● Contracts of employment
o “A written employment contract outlines the conditions of the working
relationship between an employer and employee, including rights and
obligations (Indeed Editorial Team, 2023).”
● Human resource planning
o “Human resource planning involves analyzing current and future workforce
requirements, identifying gaps, and putting solutions into place to ensure the
organization has the right people in the right roles at the right time. It is the
process of projecting an organization's future staffing needs and developing
strategies to meet those needs (Hayes, 2023).“
14. ANTI-DISCRIMINATION
LEGISLATION
● The development of anti-discrimination legislation
o “The development of anti-discrimination legislation promotes equality and
averts unfair treatment in a variety of spheres of life. It is developed by
drafting and enacting laws that forbid discrimination based on traits like race,
gender, age, religion, or disability. Amnesty International. (2023, April 14).”
● What is discrimination?
o “Discrimination is defined as treating someone less favorably than others
because of certain characteristics such as; race, gender, age, or disability. It
has two forms, that being direct and indirect. Discrimination comes in two
forms: direct and indirect, and while they differ, both can have a big impact on
one's social and professional life (Amnesty International, 2023).”
● Discrimination on the grounds of sex
o “The term "discrimination on the grounds of sex" involves someone being
treated unfairly or unjustly due to their sex, which includes the person’s sexual
orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy that can affect various areas of life.
(DISCRIMINATION - Amnesty Philippines, 2023)”
● Discrimination on racial grounds
o “Discrimination on the ground of race is the unfair treatment toward a person
or a group of people based on their race and/or ethnicity, which can have a
15. negative impact on their well-being, opportunities, and dignity
(DISCRIMINATION - Amnesty Philippines, 2023).”
● Discrimination on the grounds of disability
o “Discrimination on the grounds of disability is the unfair treatment of people
who have a physical or mental impairment that limits their abilities. It can
take many different forms, such as denying access to social services,
employment, health care, or transportation. It can also include harassment,
bullying, or violence against people with disabilities (DISCRIMINATION -
Amnesty Philippines, 2023).”
● Discrimination on the grounds of age
o “Discrimination on the grounds of age (also called ageism) is the unfair
treatment of people based on their age group. It frequently occurs in the
workplace and can negatively affect a victim's career prospects, income,
health, and well-being (Age Discrimination, n.d.).“
● Avoiding discrimination
o “This includes prohibiting derogatory language and emphasizing that
promotions, raises, and other opportunities will be decided on experience and
skills, not on race, gender, sexual orientation, age, or religion. It is important to
heed the anti-discrimination policies that we have and make sure people
understand what types of behavior are and are not acceptable
(“Discrimination: What It Is and How to Cope,” 2022).”
16. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
● Intellectual property
o “The legal protections for intellectual property, including inventions,
literary and artistic works, as well as logos, names, and images used in
commerce (Kenton, 2022).”
● Copyright
o “Authors and creators have their works protected by copyrights, which
stipulate that the original creators can authorize anyone through a
licensing agreement to use the work. Copyrights give authors and creators
of original material the exclusive right to use, copy, or duplicate their
material (Kenton, 2022).”
● Examples of copyright cases involving software
o “In Lotus Development Corporation v. Borland International, Inc., a seminal
case on software copyright heard by the Supreme Court in 19962, Borland
International, Inc. was accused of stealing the names and hierarchical
structure of the menu commands in Lotus' spreadsheet program, 1-2-3,
and offering them in Borland's rival Quattro Pro software (Wikipedia
contributors, 2021).”
o “In Oracle America, Inc. v. Google LLC, Oracle accused Google of violating
its copyright by using the Java programming language to create the
Android operating system (Google LLC V. Oracle America Inc. - Bing, n.d.)“
● Confidential information
o “Confidential information is often protected by trade secrets. Trade
secrets, which are typically the result of a company's research and
17. development and which must be actively protected by the company
(which is why some employers require the signing of non-disclosure
agreements or NDAs), are a company's process or practice that is not
public information and which provides an economic benefit or advantage
to the company or the holder of the trade secret (Kenton, 2022).”
● Patents
o “Are legal protections granted to inventors that provide them with
exclusive rights to their inventions for a limited time. Patents may
encompass a vast array of inventions, such as machines, processes,
substances, and other products and technologies. (Kenton, 2022)”
● Trademarks
o “Are symbols, names, phrases, or designs used to identify and
differentiate the products or services of one business from those of
another. Included among trademark examples are logos, slogans, and
brand names. (Kenton, 2022)”
● Domain names
o “A domain name typically consists of a top-level domain (such
as.com,.org, or.edu) and a second-level domain. Domain names are
distinctive, human-readable identifiers used to locate and identify
websites on the Internet (Welham, 2023).”
18. SOFTWARE CONTRACTS AND
LICENSES
● What is a contract?
o “A contract is simply an agreement between two or more people (the
parties to the contract) that can be enforced in a court of law. The parties
may be legal persons or natural persons (Bott, n.d.).”
● License agreements
o “A software license agreement is a legal contract that protects a
developer's and a user's legal rights against unauthorized software
distribution. Businesses impose these limits to protect the developer's
intellectual property (IP) rights and to reduce any liability for damage
caused by their software. (Software License Agreement: What Is It? Types
and Terms, n.d.).”
● Outsourcing
o “Outsourcing involves hiring out services or functions to a third party. It
can be done onshore, nearshore, or offshore, and can reduce costs, boost
productivity, and provide access to expertise, but it also comes with risks
and challenges (Overby, 2023).”
● Contracts for bespoke software
o “It specifies the project scope and cost, intellectual property rights,
confidentiality, success metrics, timeframes, and warranties. This contract
is crucial because it outlines the development services you anticipate
from your partner. A software development contract is a service
19. agreement between you and your software development partner (Software
Development Contracts: All You Need to Know + Templates, n.d.)“
● Contracts for consultancy and contract hire
o “The scope of services to be provided, the rate of payment for services,
invoicing and payment terms, confidentiality, and intellectual property
rights are all typically covered in a consulting agreement, a document that
outlines the services that an independent contractor can provide to client
business and safeguards both the consultant and the business from
potential disputes (“Understanding Consultant Vs Contractor,” 2020).”
o “Contrarily, contract hire is a kind of long-term vehicle rental agreement
that enables businesses to lease vehicles for a set period of time at a set
monthly cost, typically with maintenance and servicing included (What
Car? Leasing, n.d.).”
● Liability for defective software
o “Software liability refers to the legal responsibility of software developers,
providers, and users for the damages brought about by software errors,
omissions, negligence, or breaches. Software liability insurance is a type
of coverage that aids in shielding software companies from lawsuits and
costs associated with software failures. (What You Need to Know About
Software Liability | Insureon, n.d.)”
● Health and safety
o “Software contracts and licensing agreements can outline the duties of
the software provider, user, and developer in ensuring that the software is
safe to use and does not pose any health risks. For instance, a software
license agreement may include terms that require the software developer
20. to adhere to pertinent health and safety regulations and
standards.(Software License Agreement: What Is It? Types and Terms, n.d.-
b)”
21. DATA PROTECTION, PRIVACY AND
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
● Background
○ “Personal information refers to any information that can be used to identify
an individual. This can include information such as a person’s name, address,
date of birth, or social security number. In the context of data protection,
privacy, and freedom of information, personal information is subject to
various laws and regulations that aim to ensure that it is collected, stored,
and processed in a secure and lawful manner (Data Privacy Philippines | What
Is Personal Information?, n.d.).”
● Data protection
○ “Data protection is the process of defending sensitive data against loss,
tampering, and damage (Gravier, 2023). “
● Privacy
○ “In its broadest sense, privacy refers to the right of people, groups, or
organizations to decide who can see, use, or access something that belongs
to them, like their bodies, property, ideas, data, or information (Gravier, 2022).”
● Freedom of information
○ “Freedom of Information (FOI) is a principle that upholds the right of
individuals and the public to access information that is relevant to their
interests .” Safeopedia, W. I. F. O. I.-. D. F. (2017).
22. INTERNET ISSUES AND COMPUTER
MISUSE
● The effects of the Internet
o “The rise of networked sociability and social movements, as well as
the transformation of communication, all resulted from the Internet. It
also helped to foster the culture of autonomy, in which people
construct their autonomy by defining their particular projects in
interaction with society (Castells, n.d.). “
o In the study conducted by Avila R. (2023), Student Learning Space
create a relaxed environment that facilitates communication and
discussions related to education. They also offer flexibility for
movement, which can enhance student motivation.
● Internet Service providers
o “An internet service provider (ISP) is a business that offers access to
the internet to both personal and business customers. ISPs enable
their customers to browse the internet, shop online, conduct business,
and connect with family and friends—all for a fee. ISPs may also offer
other services, such as email services, domain registration, web
hosting, and browser packages (Twin, 2022).”
o “There are several internet service providers in the Philippines,
including Converge ICT Solutions, One SKY, PLDT, Smart Bro Home
Wifi, Smart, Sun, and Globe.”
● The law across national boundaries
23. o “The law of internet and computer use varies across different
countries. Cybercrime provides rules for internet and computer use,
including rules of conduct, evidence, and criminal procedure. They
also aim to reduce the risk and harm associated with technology use
(Katharina.kiener-Manu, n.d.).”
24. ● Defamation
o “Defamation or online misinformation can occur through the spread of
false or misleading information, either unintentionally
(misinformation) or intentionally (disinformation). Digital
misinformation/disinformation and children. (n.d.).”
● Spam
o “While the term "spam" is most often associated with email, it can also
be used to describe unwanted, unsolicited mass communications
such as robocalls, spam comments on blogs and social media,
physical junk mail, and more (Edwards, 2021).”
● E-commerce regulations
o “E-commerce regulations are the laws and rules that control online
transactions and shield consumers from fraud and other types of
abuse that may differ between countries. E-commerce regulations can
help stop fraudulent activities like phishing, identity theft, and credit
card fraud (Varghese, 2022).”
References:
10.1 Organizational Structures and Design - Principles of Management | OpenStax.
(n.d.). https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/10-1-
organizational-structures-and-design
Age Discrimination. (n.d.). StudySmarter US.
https://www.studysmarter.us/studium/social-studies/stratification-and-
differentiation/age-discrimination/
Amnesty International. (2023, April 14). Discrimination - Amnesty International.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/discrimination/
25. ANTI-DISCRIMINATION | Senate of the Philippines Legislative Reference Bureau.
(n.d.). https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/subject/anti-discrimination
appraisal scheme - Bing. (n.d.). Bing.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=appraisal+scheme&cvid=aa9e67790dc4
40a7842de1aa62318e57&aqs=edge.1.69i57j0.4703j0j9&FORM=ANAB01&
PC=U531
Avila, Rozel. (2023). Innovation for Education Project Student Learning Space
(SLS). 10.13140/RG.2.2.16582.45122.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372476708_Innovation_for_Ed
ucation_Project_Student_Learning_Space_SLS
Bott, F. (n.d.). Professional Issues in Information Technology, 2nd Edition. O’Reilly
Online Learning. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/professional-
issues-in/9781780171807/20_chapter12.xhtml
Carlson, R. (2020a). What Is a Gearing Ratio? The Balance.
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/calculating-gearing-ratio-393228
Carlson, R. (2020b). What Is Startup Capital? The Balance.
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/initial-investment-393328
Carlson, R. (2022). Sources and Tips for Startup Business Financing. The
Balance. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/six-sources-of-startup-
business-financing-393415
Castells, M. (n.d.). The Impact of the Internet on Society: A Global Perspective |
OpenMind. OpenMind. https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/the-
impact-of-the-internet-on-society-a-global-perspective/
Check out this article. . .Commercial Organization | UpCounsel 2023. (n.d.).
UpCounsel. https://www.upcounsel.com/commercial-organization
Chen, J. (2023). Board of Directors: What It Is, What Its Role Is. Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boardofdirectors.asp
CIPD | Membership grades. (n.d.). CIPD.
https://www.cipd.org/en/membership/grades/
26. Corporate Finance Institute. (2023). Centralization. Corporate Finance Institute.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/centraliza
tion/
Coursera. (2023). Employee Training: What It Is and Why It’s Important. Coursera.
https://www.coursera.org/articles/employee-training
Data Privacy Philippines | What is personal information? (n.d.).
https://www.privacy.com.ph/learn-data-privacy-compliance/what-is-
personal-information/
Digital misinformation / disinformation and children. (n.d.). UNICEF Office of
Global Insight & Policy.
https://www.unicef.org/globalinsight/stories/digital-misinformation-
disinformation-and-children
DISCRIMINATION - Amnesty Philippines. (2023, February 14). Amnesty
Philippines. https://www.amnesty.org.ph/campaigns/discrimination/
Discrimination: What it is and how to cope. (2022, October 31).
https://www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/topics/racism-bias-
discrimination/types-stress
Dismissal, redundancy and grievance. (n.d.-a). TUC.
https://www.tuc.org.uk/workplace-guidance/dismissal-redundancy-and-
grievance
Dismissal, redundancy and grievance. (n.d.-b). TUC.
https://www.tuc.org.uk/workplace-guidance/dismissal-redundancy-and-
grievance
Dismissals and Redundancy | Peninsula UK. (n.d.).
https://www.peninsulagrouplimited.com/resource-
hub/redundancy/dismissals-redundancy/
Edwards, B. (2021). What Is Spam, and Why Do We Call It That? How-To Geek.
https://www.howtogeek.com/773383/what-is-spam-and-why-do-we-call-
it-that/
27. Freedom of Information Bill | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the
Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/foi/
Garnett, E., & Balmford, A. (2022). The vital role of organizations in protecting
climate and nature. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(3), 319–321.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01260-z
Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc. - Bing. (n.d.). Bing.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=Google+LLC+v.+Oracle+America+Inc.&c
vid=ca2e0dfc478b4e2caf25a701233cc22d&aqs=edge..69i57j0l8.591j0j4&
FORM=ANAB01&PC=U531
Gravier, O. (2022, June 7). Data Privacy | Imperva. Learning Center.
https://www.imperva.com/learn/data-security/data-privacy/
Gravier, O. (2023, March 14). What is Data Protection | Principles, Strategies &
Policies | Imperva. Learning Center. https://www.imperva.com/learn/data-
security/data-protection/
Gross, R. L. (2022, May 31). What Is a Business Plan? The Balance.
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-a-business-plan-5188291
Haan, K. (2023, May 3). How To Start A Business In 11 Steps (2023 Guide).
Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/how-to-start-a-
business/
Hayes, A. (2022). Limited Company (LC): Definition, Meaning, and Variations.
Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limited_company.asp
Hayes, A. (2023). Human Resource Planning (HRP) Meaning, Process, and
Examples. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/human-
resource-planning.asp
Indeed Editorial Team. (2022). What Is Recruitment in HR?: Definition and 8-Step
Process. Indeed Career Guide. https://www.indeed.com/career-
advice/career-development/recruitment-in-
hr#:~:text=8%20steps%20of%20the%20recruiting%20process%20in%20H
R,candidates%20. . .%207%207.%20Close%20the%20process%20
28. Indeed Editorial Team. (2023). Contracts of Employment: A Comprehensive
Guide. Indeed Career Guide. https://www.indeed.com/career-
advice/starting-new-job/what-is-contract-of-
employment#:~:text=A%20contract%20of%20employment%20is%20a%20
written%20document,employer%20sign%20a%20contract%20to%20signify
%20your%20agreement.
Katharina.kiener-Manu. (n.d.). Cybercrime Module 3 Key Issues: The Role of
Cybercrime Law. https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/cybercrime/module-
3/key-issues/the-role-of-cybercrime-law.html
Kenton, W. (2022). What Is Intellectual Property, and What Are Some Types?
Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intellectualproperty.asp
Kenton, W. (2023). Organizational Structure for Companies With Examples and
Benefits. Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/organizational-structure.asp
Lparsons. (2022, August 23). Why is Professional Development Important? -
Professional Development | Harvard DCE. Professional Development |
Harvard DCE. https://professional.dce.harvard.edu/blog/why-is-
professional-development-important/
Marinaki, A. (2022). What is Human Resources (HR)? Recruiting Resources: How
to Recruit and Hire Better. https://resources.workable.com/hr-
terms/human-resources-definition
Methods of expansion - external (inorganic) growth - Expanding a business - AQA -
GCSE Business Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). BBC Bitesize.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zmjyscw/revision/5
MindTools | Home. (n.d.). https://www.mindtools.com/av44li2/professionalism
Murphy, K. (2018). The Legal Context of the Management of Human Resources.
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104435
29. Overby, S. (2023). What is outsourcing? Definitions, benefits, challenges,
processes, advice. CIO. https://www.cio.com/article/272355/outsourcing-
outsourcing-definition-and-solutions.html
Peng, S. H. (2018). Business & Corporate Law - Constitution of a Company.
Harmfulalgae.
https://www.academia.edu/37424996/Business_and_Corporate_Law_Co
nstitution_of_a_Company
Privacy: Background – thepublicvoice.org. (n.d.).
https://thepublicvoice.org/issues_and_resources/privacy-background/
Rahnama, H. (2022, February 25). The New Rules of Data Privacy. Harvard
Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/02/the-new-rules-of-data-privacy
Reinbolt, M. (2023, May 5). What is a Performance Appraisal System? Definition,
FAQs & More. https://www.selecthub.com/hris/employee-performance-
management/performance-appraisal-
system/#:~:text=An%20appraisal%20system%20helps%20employers%20
with%20the%20decision-
making,are%20typically%20used%20in%20conjunction%20with%20each%
20other.
Safeopedia, W. I. F. O. I.-. D. F. (2017). Freedom of Information (FOI).
safeopedia.com. https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/340/freedom-of-
information-foi
Saks, M. (2012). Defining a Profession: The Role of Knowledge and Expertise.
Professions and Professionalism, 2(1).
https://doi.org/10.7577/pp.v2i1.151
Scanlon, D. G., Nakosteen, M. K., Gelpi, E., Arnove, R. F., Ipfling, H., Shimahara, N.,
Chen, T. H., Vázquez, J. Z., Mukerji, S., Naka, A., Graham, H. F., Huq, M. S.,
Chambliss, J., Lauwerys, J. A., Lawson, R. F., Bowen, J., Moumouni, A.,
Riché, P., Thomas, R. M., . . . Szyliowicz, J. S. (2023, May 3). Education |
Definition, Development, History, Types, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/education
30. Sex discrimination | Equality and Human Rights Commission. (n.d.).
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/sex-
discrimination
Sex-Based Discrimination. (n.d.). US EEOC. https://www.eeoc.gov/sex-based-
discrimination#:~:text=Sex%20discrimination%20involves%20treating%20
someone%20%28an%20applicant%20or,the%20person%27s%20sexual%2
0orientation%2C%20gender%20identity%2C%20or%20pregnancy.
Shaw, M. (2023, May 5). International law | Definition, History, Characteristics,
Examples, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-law
Smedley, A. (2023, May 3). Racism | Definition, History, Laws, & Facts.
Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/racism
Software Development Contracts: All You Need to Know + Templates. (n.d.).
https://www.altigee.com/magazine/software-development-contracts-all-
you-need-to-know-templates
Software License Agreement: What Is It? Types and Terms. (n.d.-a).
https://www.contractscounsel.com/t/us/software-license-agreement
Software License Agreement: What Is It? Types and Terms. (n.d.-b).
https://www.contractscounsel.com/t/us/software-license-agreement
Tannenbaum, J. (2021). The Pursuit and Advancement of Knowledge as a
Justification for the Use of Animals in Research. Ilar Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilz013
Team, I. (2022). What Is Remuneration? Here's What Counts as Employee
Compensation. Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/remuneration.asp
Tettenborn, A. (1992). Reservation of Title Clauses. Impact and Implications. By
Sally Wheeler. [Oxford: Clarendon Press1991. ix, 202, (Appendix) 15,
(Bibliography) 5 and (Index) 3 pp. Hardback £27·50 net.]. Cambridge Law
Journal, 51(2), 382–384. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300095659
31. Twin, A. (2022). Internet Service Provider (ISP): What They Do and Examples.
Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/isp.asp
Understanding Consultant vs Contractor. (2020, October 20). KPMG.
https://kpmg.com/ph/en/home/insights/2020/10/understanding-
consultant-vs-contractor.html
Van Vulpen, E. (2023a). A Full Guide to Job Evaluation for HR. AIHR.
https://www.aihr.com/blog/job-evaluation/
Van Vulpen, E. (2023b). A Full Guide to Job Evaluation for HR. AIHR.
https://www.aihr.com/blog/job-evaluation/
Varghese, J. (2022, July 3). AWS Penetration Testing Report: Everything You
Should Know! Astra Security Blog.
https://www.getastra.com/blog/knowledge-base/ecommerce-security/
Welham, A. (2023, April 28). Domain names – are they intellectual property? | Briffa
Legal. Briffa Legal. https://www.briffa.com/blog/domain-names-are-they-
intellectual-property/
What Car? Leasing. (n.d.). What is contract hire? https://www.whatcar.com/car-
leasing/leasing-guide/what-is-contract-hire/
What is a Remuneration Policy? (2023). Smart Capital Mind.
https://www.smartcapitalmind.com/what-is-a-remuneration-
policy.htm#:~:text=A%20remuneration%20policy%2C%20also%20called%
20compensation%20policy%2C%20is,will%20get%20paid%20for%20worki
ng%20for%20the%20organization.
What Is an Organizational Model? (2018, August 29). Small Business - Chron.com.
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-model-22014.html
What is direct and indirect discrimination? | Equality and Human Rights
Commission. (n.d.). https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-
and-guidance/what-direct-and-indirect-discrimination
What is Job Design? - Definition | Meaning | Example. (2023, March 27). My
Accounting Course. https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/accounting-
dictionary/job-design
32. What You Need to Know About Software Liability | Insureon. (n.d.).
https://www.insureon.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-software-
liability
Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int’l, Inc. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Dev._Corp._v._Borland_Int%27l,_Inc.
Wikipedia contributors. (2023). Royal charter. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_charter
View publication stats