The document summarizes the structure and functions of the skin. It describes the three main layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and acts as a protective barrier. Underneath is the dermis, which contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels. The deepest layer is the hypodermis, which provides insulation and fat storage. The skin serves important protective, sensory, regulatory, and synthetic functions for the body.

1. Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist Bhandara M.S. 441802
Heena A. Rahangdale, Karina N. Koreti
Subject: Cosmetic science, B. Pharm Final Year
Guide Name: Chandrashekhar M. Chakole
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

2.  CONTENT:
• Introduction to the skin
• Structure of skin
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis
• Functions of the skin
• Reference

3. .
 INTRODUCTION OF SKIN:
The biggest organ of human body is skin, comprising of numerous layers
of tissue that cover and ensure the body's basic structures. It serves as a defensive
obstruction against physical harm, pathogens, and hurtful UV radiation, whereas
too directing temperature, sensation, and squander disposal.
The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis are composed in skin, each with
unmistakable structures and capacities.

4.  STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN:
The structure of skin is composed of three layers: the dermis, epidermis and
hypodermis.
• The outermost layer is the epidermis, which acts as a defensive obstruction.
• Underneath the epidermis is the dermis, which contains hair follicles, blood
vessels and sweat organs.
• The most profound layer is the hypodermis, which provides insulation and fat
storage.

5. FIG 1: LAYERS OF SKIN

6.  EPIDERMIS:
The highest multi-layer of the skin is epidermis, composed of stratified keratinised squamous
epithelium. It contains four rule sorts of cells, such as melanocytes, Langerhans cells and
Merkel cells, keratinocytes (90%) .
The epidermis is separated into five sub-layers specifically:
Stratum lucidum
Stratum Corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum (thorny cell layer)
Stratum germinativum ( dermo epidermal intersection)

7.  DERMIS:
The layer between epidermis & hypodermis is called dermis. Contains a
organize of sweat organs, blood vessels, sebaceous organs & hair follicles
Dermis gives flexibility & structure to the skin with dermal thickness of
approximately 2 mm thick. Components of dermis work as arrange composed
of collagen, elastin, lymph, blood vessels, pole cells & fibro blasts. The
foremost common auxiliary component inside the dermis is the protein
collagen which gives the quality & adaptability of the skin. Blood vessels
offer assistance in thermoregulation of the body by choking or enlarging to
preserve. or discharge warm. They too help in safe work & give oxygen &
supplements to the lower layers of the epidermis.

8.  HYPODERMIS (Subcutis):
➤ It is basically composed of fat tissue.
➤ It protecting the body,
➤ It serves as a save vitality supply
➤ It secures the skin
➤ It permits for its portability over the basic
structures.
➤ It incorporates a restorative impact in molding
body forms

10.  FUNCTIONS OF SKIN:
 Assurance : The skin acts as a physical obstruction, ensuring the body from hurtful
substances, pathogens, and UV radiation.
 Sensation: The skin contains tangible receptors that distinguish touch, weight,
temperature, and torment, permitting us to associated with our environment.
 Direction : The skin makes a difference direct body temperature through the
generation of sweat and widening or narrowing of blood vessels.
 Excretion: Sweat organs within the skin offer assistance dispose of squander items
from the body.
 Insusceptibility: The skin plays a part within the body's resistant reaction by lodging
resistant cells that offer assistance protect against disease.
 Vitamin D union : The vitamin D is produce by skin when uncovered to daylight,
which is basic for bone wellbeing and other substantial capacities.

11.  REFERENCE:
1. Kamla Pathak, Ankur Vaidya, Cosmetic Science Textbook , Nirali publication
2018 Edition, pg.no.4.1-4.5.
2. Satya sing, Nigam Vijay , Cosmetic Science Textbook, Thakur Publication,
Edition 2021, pg, no. 32-35 .
3. Kailash Biyani, Aijaz Sheikh, A Textbook of Cosmetic Science , pee vee
publications
4. Montagna, W. (2002) The structure and function of skin, pg. no.19-58.