Nutritional Problems in India . pptx
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Nutrition problems are one of the major hazards that is faced by India right now. Here, several problems are listed as a simple pptx.
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Diet during pregnancy
This document discusses the importance of nutrition for a healthy pregnancy and baby. It covers key nutrients needed like protein, iron, folate, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids. The roles and sources of these nutrients are described. Nutritional needs vary in the three trimesters, with energy and nutrients especially important in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters to support rapid fetal growth. Both under-eating and over-eating can impact pregnancy outcomes. Maintaining a healthy diet and weight gain during pregnancy is important for the health of both mother and baby.
Breast Feeding
Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants, providing all essential nutrients for growth. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months. Breastfeeding directly feeds an infant from the female breast. The breast is made up of adipose tissue, connective tissue, and lobes that produce milk under the influence of hormones like prolactin and oxytocin. There are some medical conditions that contraindicate breastfeeding due to risks to infant health. Alternatives allow using breast milk when direct breastfeeding is not possible.
Nursing management of pregnant women
This document provides information on promoting fetal and maternal wellbeing during pregnancy. It discusses danger signs of pregnancy like vaginal bleeding or fever that require medical attention. It also outlines signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The document then covers various self-care activities, appropriate exercise, nutrition, antenatal checkups, and management of minor disorders like backache, constipation, and frequent urination that can occur during pregnancy. Recommended daily allowances of nutrients like calories, protein, iron and calcium are also provided.
Psychological changes-during-pregnancy
This document discusses the psychological adaptations that occur during pregnancy. It covers three trimesters of pregnancy and the common experiences women face, including ambivalence, introversion, acceptance of pregnancy, role assumption, self-image changes, establishing a relationship with the fetus, and preparation for birth. It also discusses cultural influences on pregnancy experiences, such as dietary practices, activity levels, and birth preparations that are specific to different cultures. Understanding these psychological and cultural aspects can help both mothers and their partners during this transition to parenthood.
Diet Pregnancy.ppt
The document provides dietary guidelines for pregnant women, recommending a balanced diet that meets increased caloric and nutrient needs. It emphasizes consuming complex carbohydrates, sprouted grains, and home-cooked foods. A daily diet should include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, and moderate fats/oils. Key nutrients like folic acid, iron, iodine, vitamins, calcium are vital for fetal development and lactation. Traditional Indian concepts of Sattvic foods like vegetables are best.
Anaemia prophylaxis programme
This document discusses anemia prophylaxis programs. It defines anemia and its classifications according to WHO. Globally, anemia affects 30% of people, and 40-90% in developing countries and India. The main causes of increased anemia incidence are poor iron balance pre-pregnancy, improper iron supplementation during pregnancy, repeated childbirths, low socioeconomic status, and infections. Anemia can lead to complications in pregnancy like preterm labor, and complications during labor like postpartum hemorrhage. National programs provide iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant and lactating women, and children aged 6-60 months. The guidelines recommend expanding the program to include infants aged 6-12 months, school-aged
Community nutrition programme
The document discusses several community nutrition programmes in India that aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups. It describes the objectives and services provided by key programmes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme and Mid-Day Meal Scheme. ICDS provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups and education to children under 6, pregnant/nursing mothers. It has shown positive impacts like reduced malnutrition and school dropout rates. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides free lunches to over 100 million school-going children, improving nutrition and increasing school attendance and completion.
Vital statistics related to maternal health in india
This topic contains introduction of vital statistics, list of important statistics, birth rate, death rate, specific death rates, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under five mortality rate, maternal mortality rate (detailed), perinatal mortality rate (detailed), expectation of life, general fertility rate and still births.
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Diet during pregnancy
This document discusses the importance of nutrition for a healthy pregnancy and baby. It covers key nutrients needed like protein, iron, folate, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids. The roles and sources of these nutrients are described. Nutritional needs vary in the three trimesters, with energy and nutrients especially important in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters to support rapid fetal growth. Both under-eating and over-eating can impact pregnancy outcomes. Maintaining a healthy diet and weight gain during pregnancy is important for the health of both mother and baby.
Breast Feeding
Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants, providing all essential nutrients for growth. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months. Breastfeeding directly feeds an infant from the female breast. The breast is made up of adipose tissue, connective tissue, and lobes that produce milk under the influence of hormones like prolactin and oxytocin. There are some medical conditions that contraindicate breastfeeding due to risks to infant health. Alternatives allow using breast milk when direct breastfeeding is not possible.
Nursing management of pregnant women
This document provides information on promoting fetal and maternal wellbeing during pregnancy. It discusses danger signs of pregnancy like vaginal bleeding or fever that require medical attention. It also outlines signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The document then covers various self-care activities, appropriate exercise, nutrition, antenatal checkups, and management of minor disorders like backache, constipation, and frequent urination that can occur during pregnancy. Recommended daily allowances of nutrients like calories, protein, iron and calcium are also provided.
Psychological changes-during-pregnancy
This document discusses the psychological adaptations that occur during pregnancy. It covers three trimesters of pregnancy and the common experiences women face, including ambivalence, introversion, acceptance of pregnancy, role assumption, self-image changes, establishing a relationship with the fetus, and preparation for birth. It also discusses cultural influences on pregnancy experiences, such as dietary practices, activity levels, and birth preparations that are specific to different cultures. Understanding these psychological and cultural aspects can help both mothers and their partners during this transition to parenthood.
Diet Pregnancy.ppt
The document provides dietary guidelines for pregnant women, recommending a balanced diet that meets increased caloric and nutrient needs. It emphasizes consuming complex carbohydrates, sprouted grains, and home-cooked foods. A daily diet should include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, and moderate fats/oils. Key nutrients like folic acid, iron, iodine, vitamins, calcium are vital for fetal development and lactation. Traditional Indian concepts of Sattvic foods like vegetables are best.
Anaemia prophylaxis programme
This document discusses anemia prophylaxis programs. It defines anemia and its classifications according to WHO. Globally, anemia affects 30% of people, and 40-90% in developing countries and India. The main causes of increased anemia incidence are poor iron balance pre-pregnancy, improper iron supplementation during pregnancy, repeated childbirths, low socioeconomic status, and infections. Anemia can lead to complications in pregnancy like preterm labor, and complications during labor like postpartum hemorrhage. National programs provide iron and folic acid supplementation to pregnant and lactating women, and children aged 6-60 months. The guidelines recommend expanding the program to include infants aged 6-12 months, school-aged
Community nutrition programme
The document discusses several community nutrition programmes in India that aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups. It describes the objectives and services provided by key programmes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme and Mid-Day Meal Scheme. ICDS provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups and education to children under 6, pregnant/nursing mothers. It has shown positive impacts like reduced malnutrition and school dropout rates. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides free lunches to over 100 million school-going children, improving nutrition and increasing school attendance and completion.
Vital statistics related to maternal health in india
This topic contains introduction of vital statistics, list of important statistics, birth rate, death rate, specific death rates, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under five mortality rate, maternal mortality rate (detailed), perinatal mortality rate (detailed), expectation of life, general fertility rate and still births.
Diet during pregnancy
This document discusses the nutritional needs and diet modifications for pregnant and lactating women. It notes that pregnancy requires increased intake of proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats and carbohydrates to support fetal growth and development as well as the mother's needs. Specific nutritional guidelines are provided for common pregnancy concerns like nausea, constipation and anemia. The diet needs of high-risk groups like adolescent mothers and those with diabetes are also outlined.
Issues of maternal and child health
Maternal and child health issues can be influenced by several factors such as lifestyle, socio-cultural aspects, nutrition, psychology, gender, sexuality, and maternal age. Key issues include maternal age increasing risks of pregnancy complications; gender discrimination affecting care for female babies; and nutrition playing a critical role in pregnancy outcomes but being impacted by poverty and busy schedules. Socio-cultural factors like religious beliefs, views of pregnancy, and concerns for modesty also influence maternal health behaviors and utilization of prenatal care services.
Mid day meal programme
The document discusses India's Mid Day Meal Programme which provides a cooked meal to children in government and government-aided schools. The meal aims to provide at least 300 calories and 8-12 grams of protein per child daily for a minimum of 200 days. The program has improved school attendance, reduced dropout rates, and benefited children's nutrition. Its objectives are to enhance the nutritional status of children in classes 1 through 8 and encourage poor and disadvantaged children to attend and focus on school by providing them nutritional support.
Physiological changes in puerperium
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING TEAM-FUNCTIONS
This document discusses the functions of a community health team in India. It defines a health team as a group that works together to promote better health. The key members of a community health team are described as physicians, national social workers, health assistants, village health guides, panchayat leaders, teachers, and woman health leaders. The functions of the health care team are outlined as providing maternal and child health services, family planning, disease prevention, and primary medical care to individuals, families and the community.
Fetal skull
This document describes the fetal skull, its parts, bones, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters. It begins by introducing the fetal skull and its adaptation for birth. The objectives are to describe the regions, bones of the vault, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters of the fetal skull. It then proceeds to describe each of these parts in detail, including labeling diagrams. Key points are that the fetal skull has movable bones, sutures, and fontanelles that allow for molding during birth. The various diameters and circumference are also described as they relate to assessing labor progress and fetal position.
High risk pregnancy
A high risk pregnancy is one complicated by factors that adversely impact maternal or fetal outcomes. Initial screening considers maternal age and reproductive history, including prior miscarriages, preterm births, or babies with health issues. Medical disorders like infections, cardiac issues, and pre-eclampsia can also increase risk. Examinations evaluate uterine size and pelvic structure, while special tests may be needed. High risk pregnancies face greater risks of complications during labor, delivery, postpartum, and for the newborn. Care involves counseling, specialized antenatal and delivery management.
Diet During Pregnancy And Lactation
It is natural and necessary to gain weight during pregnancy, with the average being 25-35 lbs. Nutritional needs increase during pregnancy, including protein and vitamins/minerals that are essential for fetal development. Common concerns during pregnancy include nausea, constipation, heartburn, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. A healthy diet is important, while avoiding alcohol, drugs, tobacco, and limiting caffeine intake. Lactation requires extra nutrients as breast milk production demands additional calories. Breastfeeding provides antibodies and proper nutrition for infant growth and development.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Good nutrition during pregnancy is important for the health of both the mother and developing baby. Pregnant women need to gain weight within recommended ranges based on their pre-pregnancy BMI and consume additional calories and nutrients to support the growth of the fetus. Key nutrients that require special attention include folic acid, calcium, iron, and protein. Common issues like morning sickness and constipation can be managed through a nutritious diet with small, frequent meals and staying hydrated.
Management of normal purperium
The document discusses postnatal care and management. It defines puerperium as the period following childbirth when the body's tissues, especially the pelvic organs, return to their non-pregnant state over approximately 6 weeks. It outlines the principal goals of postnatal management as restoring the mother's health, preventing infection, promoting breastfeeding, and providing contraceptive information. It also describes various postnatal exercises that can help recovery.
Fetal skull.pptx
Fetal skull is important in obstetrical standpoint as cephalic presentataion is common and a competent midwife must have knowledge about it along with female pelvis.
Diet during pregnancy. Dr. Sharda Jain
1) A healthy, balanced diet during pregnancy is important for both mother and baby's health and development. A poor diet can lead to complications like stillbirth, low birthweight, prematurity, and brain damage or poor immunity in babies.
2) Pregnant women need to gain weight according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. The recommended weight gain ranges from 12.7-18kg for underweight women to 6.8-11.3kg for overweight women.
3) A balanced diet during pregnancy includes milk, pulses, non-veg/paneer, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, sugar, and fats in moderation. Small, frequent meals and avoiding junk food is recommended.
Primary health care
1. Health promotion aims to enable people to increase control over their health through interventions like health education, environmental modifications, and lifestyle changes. It differs from disease prevention by focusing on overall health rather than specific illnesses.
2. Primary health care provides essential health services that are accessible to all members of the community through their participation. Its goals are to promote health and prevent disease through interventions like immunizations, maternal/child care, treatment of common illnesses, and ensuring access to essential drugs and sanitation.
3. Nurses play an important role in primary health care by providing health education, immunizations, treating minor ailments, and coordinating with communities and other sectors like agriculture and education to promote health. Research shows
FEMALE PELVIS
This document describes the structure of the female pelvis and its relation to childbirth. The pelvis is comprised of four bones - the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. It has several diameters that must accommodate the fetus during labor and delivery, including the anteroposterior, oblique, and transverse diameters. There are also four types of pelvises - gynecoid, anthropoid, android, and platypeloid - that can impact the birthing process. The pelvis, its joints, ligaments, and diameters are all designed to allow the fetus to pass through the birth canal during labor.
NUTRITION IN PREGNANCY, LACTATION AND NEW BORN
Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease.
Nutritionists use ideas from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to understand how nutrients affect the human body.
MINOR NB DISORDER NEWBORN
This document discusses the common minor disorders seen in newborns and their management. It defines a newborn as an infant from birth until 28 days old. Some common minor ailments mentioned include stuffy nose, sticky eyes, skin rashes, oral thrush, neonatal jaundice, engorged breasts, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hiccups, sneezing, fever, failure to pass urine or meconium, excessive crying, excessive sleepiness, caput succedaneum, umbilical granuloma, pink eye, baby acne, and genital issues. The document provides treatment recommendations for each condition.
Unit 7 health team
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of various members of a health team. It focuses on the roles of nursing personnel like the Lady Health Visitor (LHV) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). The LHV acts as a supervisor, guiding and monitoring the work of ANMs. Key duties of the LHV include supervising ANMs, ensuring supply and maintenance of health centers, coordinating immunization programs, and providing maternal and child health services. The ANM works closely with communities, providing antenatal care, assisting deliveries, immunizations, nutrition programs, and family planning services.
Fetal skull
The fetal skull contains the delicate brain and must adapt to pass through the birth canal. It is large relative to the true pelvis. The skull is divided into the vault, base, and face. Key regions include the occiput, vertex, brow, and face. The skull contains bones like the occipital, parietal, and frontal bones joined by sutures. Fontanelles form where sutures meet. Key diameters that allow the skull to mold during birth include the biparietal, suboccipitobregmatic, and mentovertical diameters.
Introduction to maternal
The document provides an introduction to maternal and child health. It notes that in developing countries, women of childbearing age and children under 15 make up 59% of the population and are vulnerable groups. Maternal and child mortality rates vary widely between countries. Mother and child health services have increasingly been integrated and provided as a package of essential primary healthcare. The document outlines various aspects of maternal and child health including antenatal care, maternal and infant health stages, and objectives and services provided during the antenatal period.
Community health nursing
The document discusses community health nursing. It defines community health nursing as a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice aimed at promoting and preserving the health of populations. The nature of community health nursing is general, comprehensive, and continuous rather than limited or episodic, with the dominant responsibility being to the total population. The key principles of community health nursing include recognizing the needs of communities, clearly defining objectives, involving citizens groups, making services available to all, recognizing families and communities as service units, providing health education, and ensuring qualified supervision. Quality assurance in community health nursing aims to ensure delivery of quality care and demonstrate efforts to achieve the best results. Various conceptual models are also applicable to community health nursing practice, including systems, development,
food science nutritional disorder
This document discusses several major nutritional disorders including kwashiorkor, marasmus, nutritional anemia, endemic goiter, and fluorosis. It defines each disorder, describes their signs and symptoms, and outlines corrective measures. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disorder characterized by edema and easily pluckable hair. Marasmus is an energy deficiency disorder seen in underweight children. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients needed for hemoglobin formation. Endemic goiter is an iodine deficiency disorder causing thyroid enlargement. Fluorosis results from excessive fluoride intake, damaging teeth and bones. Prevention focuses on balanced nutrition and treatment involves slow refeeding,
Fluoride as Minerals .pptx
Fluoride is a mineral that is naturally present in many foods and water supplies. It helps prevent dental caries by strengthening tooth enamel but can cause dental or skeletal fluorosis if consumed in excessive amounts. The recommended intake of fluoride varies by age but is generally between 0.7-4 mg per day. A healthy diet containing a variety of foods along with fluoride from dental products provides sufficient fluoride intake for good dental health.
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Diet during pregnancy
This document discusses the nutritional needs and diet modifications for pregnant and lactating women. It notes that pregnancy requires increased intake of proteins, vitamins, minerals, fats and carbohydrates to support fetal growth and development as well as the mother's needs. Specific nutritional guidelines are provided for common pregnancy concerns like nausea, constipation and anemia. The diet needs of high-risk groups like adolescent mothers and those with diabetes are also outlined.
Issues of maternal and child health
Maternal and child health issues can be influenced by several factors such as lifestyle, socio-cultural aspects, nutrition, psychology, gender, sexuality, and maternal age. Key issues include maternal age increasing risks of pregnancy complications; gender discrimination affecting care for female babies; and nutrition playing a critical role in pregnancy outcomes but being impacted by poverty and busy schedules. Socio-cultural factors like religious beliefs, views of pregnancy, and concerns for modesty also influence maternal health behaviors and utilization of prenatal care services.
Mid day meal programme
The document discusses India's Mid Day Meal Programme which provides a cooked meal to children in government and government-aided schools. The meal aims to provide at least 300 calories and 8-12 grams of protein per child daily for a minimum of 200 days. The program has improved school attendance, reduced dropout rates, and benefited children's nutrition. Its objectives are to enhance the nutritional status of children in classes 1 through 8 and encourage poor and disadvantaged children to attend and focus on school by providing them nutritional support.
Physiological changes in puerperium
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING TEAM-FUNCTIONS
This document discusses the functions of a community health team in India. It defines a health team as a group that works together to promote better health. The key members of a community health team are described as physicians, national social workers, health assistants, village health guides, panchayat leaders, teachers, and woman health leaders. The functions of the health care team are outlined as providing maternal and child health services, family planning, disease prevention, and primary medical care to individuals, families and the community.
Fetal skull
This document describes the fetal skull, its parts, bones, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters. It begins by introducing the fetal skull and its adaptation for birth. The objectives are to describe the regions, bones of the vault, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters of the fetal skull. It then proceeds to describe each of these parts in detail, including labeling diagrams. Key points are that the fetal skull has movable bones, sutures, and fontanelles that allow for molding during birth. The various diameters and circumference are also described as they relate to assessing labor progress and fetal position.
High risk pregnancy
A high risk pregnancy is one complicated by factors that adversely impact maternal or fetal outcomes. Initial screening considers maternal age and reproductive history, including prior miscarriages, preterm births, or babies with health issues. Medical disorders like infections, cardiac issues, and pre-eclampsia can also increase risk. Examinations evaluate uterine size and pelvic structure, while special tests may be needed. High risk pregnancies face greater risks of complications during labor, delivery, postpartum, and for the newborn. Care involves counseling, specialized antenatal and delivery management.
Diet During Pregnancy And Lactation
It is natural and necessary to gain weight during pregnancy, with the average being 25-35 lbs. Nutritional needs increase during pregnancy, including protein and vitamins/minerals that are essential for fetal development. Common concerns during pregnancy include nausea, constipation, heartburn, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. A healthy diet is important, while avoiding alcohol, drugs, tobacco, and limiting caffeine intake. Lactation requires extra nutrients as breast milk production demands additional calories. Breastfeeding provides antibodies and proper nutrition for infant growth and development.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Good nutrition during pregnancy is important for the health of both the mother and developing baby. Pregnant women need to gain weight within recommended ranges based on their pre-pregnancy BMI and consume additional calories and nutrients to support the growth of the fetus. Key nutrients that require special attention include folic acid, calcium, iron, and protein. Common issues like morning sickness and constipation can be managed through a nutritious diet with small, frequent meals and staying hydrated.
Management of normal purperium
The document discusses postnatal care and management. It defines puerperium as the period following childbirth when the body's tissues, especially the pelvic organs, return to their non-pregnant state over approximately 6 weeks. It outlines the principal goals of postnatal management as restoring the mother's health, preventing infection, promoting breastfeeding, and providing contraceptive information. It also describes various postnatal exercises that can help recovery.
Fetal skull.pptx
Fetal skull is important in obstetrical standpoint as cephalic presentataion is common and a competent midwife must have knowledge about it along with female pelvis.
Diet during pregnancy. Dr. Sharda Jain
1) A healthy, balanced diet during pregnancy is important for both mother and baby's health and development. A poor diet can lead to complications like stillbirth, low birthweight, prematurity, and brain damage or poor immunity in babies.
2) Pregnant women need to gain weight according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. The recommended weight gain ranges from 12.7-18kg for underweight women to 6.8-11.3kg for overweight women.
3) A balanced diet during pregnancy includes milk, pulses, non-veg/paneer, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, sugar, and fats in moderation. Small, frequent meals and avoiding junk food is recommended.
Primary health care
1. Health promotion aims to enable people to increase control over their health through interventions like health education, environmental modifications, and lifestyle changes. It differs from disease prevention by focusing on overall health rather than specific illnesses.
2. Primary health care provides essential health services that are accessible to all members of the community through their participation. Its goals are to promote health and prevent disease through interventions like immunizations, maternal/child care, treatment of common illnesses, and ensuring access to essential drugs and sanitation.
3. Nurses play an important role in primary health care by providing health education, immunizations, treating minor ailments, and coordinating with communities and other sectors like agriculture and education to promote health. Research shows
FEMALE PELVIS
This document describes the structure of the female pelvis and its relation to childbirth. The pelvis is comprised of four bones - the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. It has several diameters that must accommodate the fetus during labor and delivery, including the anteroposterior, oblique, and transverse diameters. There are also four types of pelvises - gynecoid, anthropoid, android, and platypeloid - that can impact the birthing process. The pelvis, its joints, ligaments, and diameters are all designed to allow the fetus to pass through the birth canal during labor.
NUTRITION IN PREGNANCY, LACTATION AND NEW BORN
Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease.
Nutritionists use ideas from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to understand how nutrients affect the human body.
MINOR NB DISORDER NEWBORN
This document discusses the common minor disorders seen in newborns and their management. It defines a newborn as an infant from birth until 28 days old. Some common minor ailments mentioned include stuffy nose, sticky eyes, skin rashes, oral thrush, neonatal jaundice, engorged breasts, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hiccups, sneezing, fever, failure to pass urine or meconium, excessive crying, excessive sleepiness, caput succedaneum, umbilical granuloma, pink eye, baby acne, and genital issues. The document provides treatment recommendations for each condition.
Unit 7 health team
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of various members of a health team. It focuses on the roles of nursing personnel like the Lady Health Visitor (LHV) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). The LHV acts as a supervisor, guiding and monitoring the work of ANMs. Key duties of the LHV include supervising ANMs, ensuring supply and maintenance of health centers, coordinating immunization programs, and providing maternal and child health services. The ANM works closely with communities, providing antenatal care, assisting deliveries, immunizations, nutrition programs, and family planning services.
Fetal skull
The fetal skull contains the delicate brain and must adapt to pass through the birth canal. It is large relative to the true pelvis. The skull is divided into the vault, base, and face. Key regions include the occiput, vertex, brow, and face. The skull contains bones like the occipital, parietal, and frontal bones joined by sutures. Fontanelles form where sutures meet. Key diameters that allow the skull to mold during birth include the biparietal, suboccipitobregmatic, and mentovertical diameters.
Introduction to maternal
The document provides an introduction to maternal and child health. It notes that in developing countries, women of childbearing age and children under 15 make up 59% of the population and are vulnerable groups. Maternal and child mortality rates vary widely between countries. Mother and child health services have increasingly been integrated and provided as a package of essential primary healthcare. The document outlines various aspects of maternal and child health including antenatal care, maternal and infant health stages, and objectives and services provided during the antenatal period.
Community health nursing
The document discusses community health nursing. It defines community health nursing as a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice aimed at promoting and preserving the health of populations. The nature of community health nursing is general, comprehensive, and continuous rather than limited or episodic, with the dominant responsibility being to the total population. The key principles of community health nursing include recognizing the needs of communities, clearly defining objectives, involving citizens groups, making services available to all, recognizing families and communities as service units, providing health education, and ensuring qualified supervision. Quality assurance in community health nursing aims to ensure delivery of quality care and demonstrate efforts to achieve the best results. Various conceptual models are also applicable to community health nursing practice, including systems, development,
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Semelhante a Nutritional Problems in India . pptx
food science nutritional disorder
This document discusses several major nutritional disorders including kwashiorkor, marasmus, nutritional anemia, endemic goiter, and fluorosis. It defines each disorder, describes their signs and symptoms, and outlines corrective measures. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disorder characterized by edema and easily pluckable hair. Marasmus is an energy deficiency disorder seen in underweight children. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients needed for hemoglobin formation. Endemic goiter is an iodine deficiency disorder causing thyroid enlargement. Fluorosis results from excessive fluoride intake, damaging teeth and bones. Prevention focuses on balanced nutrition and treatment involves slow refeeding,
Fluoride as Minerals .pptx
Fluoride is a mineral that is naturally present in many foods and water supplies. It helps prevent dental caries by strengthening tooth enamel but can cause dental or skeletal fluorosis if consumed in excessive amounts. The recommended intake of fluoride varies by age but is generally between 0.7-4 mg per day. A healthy diet containing a variety of foods along with fluoride from dental products provides sufficient fluoride intake for good dental health.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses of nutrients that can harm health. It includes undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is caused by insufficient food intake or poor absorption of nutrients and can result in conditions like marasmus, kwashiorkor, and micronutrient deficiencies. Marasmus is characterized by wasting of muscle and tissue due to lack of calories, while kwashiorkor involves protein deficiency and swelling. Poverty is a leading cause of malnutrition globally as it limits access to nutritious foods. Treatment involves correcting nutritional imbalances through diet and supplements.
Trace elements
This document discusses essential trace elements in nutrition. It begins by defining trace elements and classifying them as either essential, probably essential, or potentially toxic in low doses. The document then focuses on the essential trace elements iron, iodine, fluoride, zinc, and copper. For each element, it provides details on sources, absorption, functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, requirements, and role in oral health. The document emphasizes the critical roles these trace elements play in growth, metabolism, enzyme functions and more.
FerroCare Division White paper on Iron Therapy
This white paper will discuss iron therapy in general, why it is sometimes problematic,mainly due to tolerance and practical issues for those suffering from iron deficiency.
Important groups that are discussed in this aspect are children, young girls, fertile females, seniors and people with chronic diseases such as IBD, CHF, CKD that affect the iron metabolism and how Heme‐Iron supplementation change this situation.
The target is to inform the medicinal and pharmaceutical communities of this relatively
new form of therapy and why it has great benefits compared to the traditional methods.
Malnutrition
The document discusses malnutrition, defining it as deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in energy and nutrient intake. It describes two types - undernutrition, which includes stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition, which includes overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases. The document outlines the causes, signs, and effects of malnutrition as well as strategies for prevention.
MindShapers
Malnutrition is caused by a poor diet lacking in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It can result from insufficient nutrient intake or the inability to absorb nutrients properly. Malnutrition affects individuals dependent on others for food like infants, the elderly, and ill people. However, the leading cause of malnutrition is poverty, as those living on less than $1 per day have very limited access to a balanced diet and healthcare. Nutritional deficiencies weaken the body and can lead to diseases like kwashiorkor, marasmus, beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, and rickets.
Nutrient Deficiency in Poultry
Nutrient deficiencies can occur in poultry if the nutrient is absent from their feed or if the bird cannot properly utilize the nutrient. Common deficiencies include protein, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, sodium, zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B2, B3, B5, and biotin. Symptoms vary by nutrient but include poor growth and feathering, bone abnormalities, reduced egg production, and skin lesions. Providing the deficient nutrient as a dietary supplement usually results in recovery. Maintaining proper nutrient balances and meeting requirements is important for poultry health.
Lecture 12 : Animal Diseases
This document discusses various deficiency diseases in domestic animals and birds, focusing on calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, D, and selenium/vitamin E deficiencies. For each deficiency, the document outlines the clinical findings seen and recommended treatments. It provides details on conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, and nutritional muscular dystrophy that can result from prolonged deficiencies. The treatment sections focus on correcting dietary deficiencies and providing supplements as needed.
Dr.p.s.mahapatra asst.prof biochem,bankura
This document discusses fluorosis, a disease caused by excess fluoride intake. It notes that fluoride can enter the body through water, food, toothpaste, and industrial sources. Fluorosis manifests as dental, skeletal, or non-skeletal forms and is a public health problem in 24 countries including India, where around 70 million people are affected. In West Bengal, 7 districts including Bankura are affected. The document outlines testing and diagnosis of fluorosis as well as interventions like providing safe drinking water, improving nutrition, and reducing overall fluoride exposure.
Effect of Nutrition and Diet on Periodontal health
This document discusses the effect of nutrition and diet on teeth and the periodontium. It defines key terms and outlines the roles that various nutrients like vitamins A, B, C, D, E, proteins, lipids, and micronutrients play in tooth and periodontal health. Certain diets are linked to conditions like early childhood caries. A balanced diet with nutrients like vitamins and minerals is important for bone formation, periodontal regeneration, and healing after periodontal surgery. Nutrient deficiencies can lead to oral manifestations and increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease.
oral health and mineral
This document discusses the role of minerals in oral health, specifically calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and fluoride. It notes that calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium make up most of the composition of bones and teeth. It outlines the various sources of these minerals and describes how deficiencies can impact oral health. The document also provides details on fluoride, including its role in strengthening enamel and preventing cavities, sources like water and toothpaste, and the differences between topical and systemic fluoride applications. It discusses dental fluorosis that can result from excessive fluoride intake during tooth development.
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AND PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
Nutritional disorder are diseases that occur when a person's dietary intake does not contain the right amount of nutrients for healthy functioning, or when a person cannot correctly absorb nutrients from food. Nutritional disorders can be caused by undernutrition, over nutrition or an incorrect balance of nutrients.
7 Common Nutrition Deficiencies In Australians & Health Alternatives.pptx
Australia is the fortunate nation in which we reside. The Aussie lifestyle is known for its good standard of living and, for the most part, access to some of the best foods on earth. From our highly regarded dairy sector to our premium beef, incredible fruits, and, last but not least, our excellent wines. The majority of Australians have access to all the fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy, seeds, and grains needed for a diet high in all the vitamins and minerals needed for a healthy body and brain function.
Visit- https://theaussieway.com.au/7-common-nutrition-deficiencies-in-australians-health-alternatives/
Nutritional problems
The document discusses various nutritional problems, including major problems like protein energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, nutritional anemia, and iodine deficiency disorders. It also covers minor nutritional disorders and provides details on the causes, clinical manifestations, assessment, prevention, and control of various deficiencies. Specific conditions discussed in depth include kwashiorkor, marasmus, marasmic kwashiorkor, low birth weight, endemic fluorosis, and lathyrism.
Fluoride toxicity - slideshare
This document discusses fluoride toxicity and its effects. It begins by classifying fluoride toxicity into acute and chronic categories. Acute toxicity results from excessive one-time fluoride ingestion and can cause nausea, vomiting, and even death in severe cases. Chronic toxicity occurs from small amounts of fluoride over long periods. This includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and non-skeletal fluorosis. Dental fluorosis ranges from mild white lines to severe enamel damage. Skeletal fluorosis stiffens joints and bones from very high fluoride levels over many years. Non-skeletal effects include muscle damage and infertility. The document provides details on symptoms, classifications, treatments and thresholds for the different toxicity types.
Malnutrition by monal das.pdf
Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient nutrient intake due to poor diet, digestion, or absorption issues. It affects individuals who depend on others for food like infants, elderly, disabled, or ill people. The number one cause of malnutrition is poverty, as nearly 3 billion people live on less than $1 per day and cannot access adequate nutrition. Specific deficiency diseases include kwashiorkor from protein deficiency, beriberi from lack of vitamin B1, pellagra from niacin deficiency, and rickets from lack of vitamin D.
Nutritional disease epidemiology
Nutritional disease or disorders are associated both with deficiency and excess. Affect masses rather than individuals thus to understand their epidemiology is important but it is too complex.
CHAPTER 8 MINERALS Section.pptx
The document provides an overview of minerals, including their functions, dietary recommendations, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms. It discusses 15 essential minerals: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, fluoride, chromium, iodine, and manganese. For each mineral, it details major functions, recommended intake amounts, common food sources, and the symptoms of excessive intake and deficiency. It focuses specifically on sodium, potassium, calcium, and their relationships to blood pressure and bone health.
Fluorosis.pptx
Fluorosis is a condition caused by excess fluoride deposition in tissues from drinking water, food, or industrial sources over long periods. It most commonly affects teeth (dental fluorosis) and bones (skeletal fluorosis). Regions of India like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh have high fluoride levels in groundwater and suffer worst from this disease. Treatment focuses on changing water source and diet, while prevention emphasizes community education, micronutrient supplementation, and limiting fluoride intake.
Semelhante a Nutritional Problems in India . pptx (20)
Effect of Nutrition and Diet on Periodontal health
Effect of Nutrition and Diet on Periodontal health
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AND PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS AND PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION
7 Common Nutrition Deficiencies In Australians & Health Alternatives.pptx
7 Common Nutrition Deficiencies In Australians & Health Alternatives.pptx
Último
Katherine Romanak - Geologic CO2 Storage.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Último (20)
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Nutritional Problems in India . pptx
- 3. Malnutrition Refers to deficiency or excess in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization. it encompasses both under nutrition and overnutrition.
- 4. Overnutrition Excessive intake of nutrients. Leads to overweight & obesity. Undernutrition Micronutrient deficiency/ low birth weight children. Leads to Wasting, Stunting, Underweight, Protein energy malnutrition etc.
- 6. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Kwashioker Marasmus
- 7. Fluorosis is a crippling and painful disease caused by intake of fluoride. Fluoride can enter the body through drinking water, food, toothpaste, mouth rinses and other dental products; drugs, and fluoride dust and fumes from industries using fluoride containing salt and or hydrofluoric acid.
- 9. Dental Fluorosis Skeletal Fluorosis Genu Valgum
- 10. Lathyrism is a neurological disorder caused by eating certain legumes of the genus Lathyrus such as Kesari Dal. Overconsumption causing severe muscle weakness and brittle bones.
- 11. Vitamin A deficiency is due to low intake of vitamin A source or due to the malabsorption or storage of vitamin A is affected.
- 14. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. In India, it affects more than 600 million people.