The document outlines a lecture on Linux internals given by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti. It covers the history of Linux, popular distributions like Red Hat, Ubuntu and Debian. It also discusses licensing models and provides an overview of common Linux commands for managing directories, files and general utilities. The lecture aims to introduce students to key concepts in Linux including its development history, distributions, licensing and basic commands.
Transaction concept, ACID property, Objectives of transaction management, Types of transactions, Objectives of Distributed Concurrency Control, Concurrency Control anomalies, Methods of concurrency control, Serializability and recoverability, Distributed Serializability, Enhanced lock based and timestamp based protocols, Multiple granularity, Multi version schemes, Optimistic Concurrency Control techniques
Transaction concept, ACID property, Objectives of transaction management, Types of transactions, Objectives of Distributed Concurrency Control, Concurrency Control anomalies, Methods of concurrency control, Serializability and recoverability, Distributed Serializability, Enhanced lock based and timestamp based protocols, Multiple granularity, Multi version schemes, Optimistic Concurrency Control techniques
PostgreSQL and ZFS were made for each other. This talk dives downstack into the internals and way that PostgreSQL consumes disk resources and tricks that are available if you run PostgreSQL on ZFS (ZFS on Linux, ZFS on FreeBSD, or ZFS on Illumos). Topics covered will include:
* Performance and sizing considerations
* Workload estimation heuristics
* Standard administrative practices that leverage ZFS
* Recovery using ZFS
* Performing database migrations using ZFS
Data Storage Needs, Storage Solutions, Network Storage, SAN, NAS, DAS, Types of Data, Data center Infrastructure, Information Management, Information Life Cycle, Tiered Storage
A presentation on the Ext4 file system and the evolution of Ext filesystem in Linux operating system. Linux uses virtual filesystem. The comparison of the ext filesystem generations is provided.
Shell: A Command-Line Interpretor that connects a user to Operating System and allows to execute the commands or by creating text script.
Process: Any task that a user run in the system is called a process. A process is little more complex than just a task.
File: It resides on hard disk (hdd) and contains data owned by a user.
X-windows aka windows: A mode of Linux where screen (monitor) can be split in small “parts” called windows, that allow a user to do several things at the same time and/or switch from one task to another easily and view graphics in a nice way.
Text terminal: A monitor that has only the capability of displaying text stuff, no graphics or a very basic graphics display.
Session: Time between logging on and logging out of the system.
Course 102: Lecture 24: Archiving and Compression of Files Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the different commands and utilities used for archiving and compression of files and directories in Linux
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6ZQ6PJyy28
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Course 102: Lecture 3: Basic Concepts And Commands Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture covers the basic file management commands
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Technical Proposal for computer laboratory setupParam Radadiya
Technical Proposal writing.
Here i give PDF with fully detailed Proposal related to below topic.
Global University is planning for their students, they are looking for an agency that can set up a lab with 50 computer within a period of one month, Create and submit a proposal for the same. Format your proposal well for making a positive impact.
Linux commands working with file contents:
head, tail, cat, tac, more, less and strings, more file
attributes: hard links, symbolic links, fins, umask
and inodes The Linux file tree: the root directory, binary
directories, configuration directories, data
directories, Commands and arguments: $PATH,
echo, ls, env
PostgreSQL and ZFS were made for each other. This talk dives downstack into the internals and way that PostgreSQL consumes disk resources and tricks that are available if you run PostgreSQL on ZFS (ZFS on Linux, ZFS on FreeBSD, or ZFS on Illumos). Topics covered will include:
* Performance and sizing considerations
* Workload estimation heuristics
* Standard administrative practices that leverage ZFS
* Recovery using ZFS
* Performing database migrations using ZFS
Data Storage Needs, Storage Solutions, Network Storage, SAN, NAS, DAS, Types of Data, Data center Infrastructure, Information Management, Information Life Cycle, Tiered Storage
A presentation on the Ext4 file system and the evolution of Ext filesystem in Linux operating system. Linux uses virtual filesystem. The comparison of the ext filesystem generations is provided.
Shell: A Command-Line Interpretor that connects a user to Operating System and allows to execute the commands or by creating text script.
Process: Any task that a user run in the system is called a process. A process is little more complex than just a task.
File: It resides on hard disk (hdd) and contains data owned by a user.
X-windows aka windows: A mode of Linux where screen (monitor) can be split in small “parts” called windows, that allow a user to do several things at the same time and/or switch from one task to another easily and view graphics in a nice way.
Text terminal: A monitor that has only the capability of displaying text stuff, no graphics or a very basic graphics display.
Session: Time between logging on and logging out of the system.
Course 102: Lecture 24: Archiving and Compression of Files Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the different commands and utilities used for archiving and compression of files and directories in Linux
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6ZQ6PJyy28
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Course 102: Lecture 3: Basic Concepts And Commands Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture covers the basic file management commands
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Technical Proposal for computer laboratory setupParam Radadiya
Technical Proposal writing.
Here i give PDF with fully detailed Proposal related to below topic.
Global University is planning for their students, they are looking for an agency that can set up a lab with 50 computer within a period of one month, Create and submit a proposal for the same. Format your proposal well for making a positive impact.
Linux commands working with file contents:
head, tail, cat, tac, more, less and strings, more file
attributes: hard links, symbolic links, fins, umask
and inodes The Linux file tree: the root directory, binary
directories, configuration directories, data
directories, Commands and arguments: $PATH,
echo, ls, env
All Things Containers - Docker, Kubernetes, Helm, Istio, GitOps and moreAll Things Open
Presented by: Brent Laster, SAS
Presented at All Things Open 2020
Abstract: In this workshop, students will get a quick overview of what containers are and why they form the basis for many of the key technologies that we use today in cloud environments.
We’ll explore what makes up a container and how they are managed and leveraged in key industry tooling including Docker, Kubernetes, Helm, and Istio. You’ll also learn the basics of these technologies, what they are used for, and see some simple examples of how to use them.
This workshop will include hands-on labs where you will get experience:
Building container images, running them as containers, and tagging and pushing them into a Docker repository.
Creating deployments, services, and pods for containers and instantiating and running those in Kubernetes.
Working with Helm to leverage templates for Kubernetes objects and managing releases in Kubernetes.
Working with Istio to do traffic shaping between multiple versions of your app, fault and delay injection for testing and validation in Kubernetes.
We’ll also briefly cover GitOps – the recommended Git-based way to manage infrastructure like your Kubernetes cluster.
Linux Tutorial For Beginners | Linux Administration Tutorial | Linux Commands...Edureka!
This Linux Tutorial will help you get started with Linux Administration. This Linux tutorial will also give you an introduction to the basic Linux commands so that you can start using the Linux CLI. Do watch the video till the very end to see all the demonstration. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1) Why go for Linux?
2) Various distributions of Linux
3) Basic Linux commands: ls, cd, pwd, clear commands
4) Working with files & directories: cat, vi, gedit, mkdir, rmdir, rm commands
5) Managing file Permissions: chmod, chgrp, chown commands
6) Updating software packages from Linux repository
7) Compressing & Decompressing files using TAR command
8) Environment variables and Regular expressions
9) Starting and killing processes
10) Managing users
11) SSH protocol for accessing remote hosts
Kubernetes the deltatre way the basics - introduction to containers and orc...Rauno De Pasquale
The basics - Introduction to Containers and Orchestrators (May 18th, 2020)
by Rauno De Pasquale (Newesis), supported by Cristiano Degiorgis (Deltatre)
A new version of the introduction to containers and orchestrator, done for the series of events "Kubernetes - The Deltatre way".
Knowing the context and concepts behind container use is essential to be able to proceed on the path that will lead to master Kubernetes and Cloud Native applications. This initial session is about basic skills to answer questions such as: what is a container image? Why did anyone feel the need for an orchestrator? Are there any alternatives to Docker and Kubernetes? How does working with containers and Kubernetes connect to traditional virtualization? The session aims to provide the basic skills to be able to guide yourself in the next sessions where the ways of creating and execution of applications in Kubernetes environment will be tackled.
Recorded session: YouTube | Facebook
Repository: https://github.com/deltatrelabs/community-events-kubernetes-the-deltatre-way
Discussed about
An overview – Object basics – Object state and properties – Behavior – Methods – Messages –
Information hiding – Class hierarchy – Relationships – Associations – Aggregations- Identity –
Dynamic binding – Persistence – Metaclasses – Object oriented system development life cycle.
Containers in depth – Understanding how containers work to better work with c...All Things Open
Presented by: Brent Laster, SAS
Presented at All Things Open 2020
Abstract: Containers are all the rage these days – from Docker to Kubernetes and everywhere in-between. But to get the most out of them it can be helpful to understand how containers are constructed, how they depend and interact with the operating system, and what the differences and interactions are between layers, images, and containers. Join R&D Director, Brent Laster as he does a quick, visual overview of how containers work and how applications such as Docker work with them. Topics to be discussed include:
What containers are and the benefits they provide
How containers are constructed
The differences between layers, images, and containers
What does immutability really mean
The core Linux functionalities that containers are based on
How containers reuse code
The differences between containers and VMs
What Docker really does
The Docker storage drivers
How overlays work
The Open Container Initiative
A good analogy for understanding all of this
Federated Kubernetes: As a Platform for Distributed Scientific ComputingBob Killen
A high level overview of Kubernetes Federation and the challenges encountered when building out a Platform for multi-institutional Research and Distributed Scientific Computing.
containerit at useR!2017 conference, BrusselsDaniel Nüst
**Webpage**
https://github.com/o2r-project/containerit/
**Abstract**
Reproducibility of computations is crucial in an era where data is born digital and analysed algorithmically. Most studies however only publish the results, often with figures as important interpreted outputs. But where do these figures come from? Scholarly articles must provide not only a description of the work but be accompanied by data and software. R offers excellent tools to create reproducible works, i.e. Sweave and RMarkdown. Several approaches to capture the workspace environment in R have been made, working around CRAN’s deliberate choice not to provide explicit versioning of packages and their dependencies. They preserve a collection of packages locally (packrat, pkgsnap, switchr/GRANBase) or remotely (MRAN timemachine/checkpoint), or install specific versions from CRAN or source (requireGitHub, devtools). Installers for old versions of R are archived on CRAN. A user can manually re-create a specific environment, but this is a cumbersome task.
We introduce a new possibility to preserve a runtime environment including both, packages and R, by adding an abstraction layer in the form of a container, which can execute a script or run an interactive session. The package containeRit automatically creates such containers based on Docker. Docker is a solution for packaging an application and its dependencies, but shows to be useful in the context of reproducible research (Boettiger 2015). The package creates a container manifest, the Dockerfile, which is usually written by hand, from sessionInfo(), R scripts, or RMarkdown documents. The Dockerfiles use the Rocker community images as base images. Docker can build an executable image from a Dockerfile. The image is executable anywhere a Docker runtime is present. containeRit uses harbor for building images and running containers, and sysreqs for installing system dependencies of R packages. Before the planned CRAN release we want to share our work, discuss open challenges such as handling linked libraries (see discussion on geospatial libraries in Rocker), and welcome community feedback.
containeRit is developed within the DFG-funded project Opening Reproducible Research to support the creation of Executable Research Compendia (ERC) (Nüst et al. 2017).
**References**
Boettiger, Carl. 2015. “An Introduction to Docker for Reproducible Research, with Examples from the R Environment.” ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 49 (January): 71–79. doi:10.1145/2723872.2723882.
Nüst, Daniel, Markus Konkol, Edzer Pebesma, Christian Kray, Marc Schutzeichel, Holger Przibytzin, and Jörg Lorenz. 2017. “Opening the Publication Process with Executable Research Compendia.” D-Lib Magazine 23 (January). doi:10.1045/january2017-nuest.
Chimera Linux: A BSD-LLVM distro from scratchIgalia
Chimera Linux is a new Linux distribution started in mid-2021. It's a
general-purpose operating system based on binary packages that aims to be
practical and clean, while addressing various shortcomings of an average Linux
distro. One of the things making it unique is that it's a non-GNU distribution,
utilizing a combination of userland utilities originating from FreeBSD, the
LLVM/Clang toolchain and musl libc, besides other things. On top of that, it is
not based on any existing distribution and comes with its own packaging
infrastructure and various custom software that was needed to fill in the gaps.
It's also highly portable, already supporting x86_64, POWER, AArch64 and
RISC-V, with more possibly coming. In the presentation I will cover the
progress made in the last year, as well as give a general overview of the
system and what it takes to create a distro from scratch.
The distribution follows a rolling release model and by default uses the GNOME
desktop with Wayland. The custom package building infrastructure was created
after having learned from the shortcomings of equivalent systems in other
distros, aiming to be flexible and fast, while emphasizing correctness and
allowing for fully sandboxed, unprivileged builds. The result is binary
packages/repositories for apk-tools, which Chimera uses as a frontend package
manager. The build tooling can also bring the system up from source using a
foreign musl-based distribution as a base, making it easily bootstrappable. The
resulting repositories utilize LLVM's ThinLTO for nearly all packages, and
special emphasis is also placed on security hardening (including CFI and
others). Service management is based on the Dinit suite with a custom set of
core services and is fully supervising, dependency-based and aims to provide
practical parity with systemd, while remaining lean and grokkable (and most
importantly, portable). A major aspect of the project is to also improve
software portability across the stack, improving the state of matters for both
Linux and the BSDs. We also aim to contribute code improvements back to
FreeBSD.
Most importantly, this is not any kind of dogmatic, niche effort. It's a system
that tries to be pragmatic, providing a complete package that is polished and
has well-defined defaults, while establishing its own identity and not being
like something else. We also want to establish a community that is open and
welcoming, without pointless elitism, and most importantly have fun doing all
of this.
This is a follow-up presentation to last year's FOSDEM, but I will try my best
to make it standalone and as easy to understand as possible for the general
audience. Some basic Linux administration knowledge may be necessary for some
of the information.
(c) FOSDEM 2023
4 & 5 February 2023
https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/chimera_linux/
What -IoT
Why - IoT
Why - IoT
IoT is enabling Technology to ML, DL, AI and Data Science
Applications
IoT Product Development – Entrepreneurs
Research Gap
Online Tools
Discussed about:
A Short History of Business Models
The Business Model Canvas
Who is the Business Model for
Models
Funding an IoT Start-up
Lean Start-ups
Discussed about the following topics: A Web Security Forensic Lesson
Web Languages
Introduction to different web attacks
overview of n-tier web applications
Web servers
Apache
IIS
Database Servers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
3. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ 1969 - Dennis Ritchie - and Ken Thompson developed
the C language and the Unix operating system at AT&T
Bell Labs.
✓ 1975 – Commercial UNIX & BSD UNIX.
✓ 1980 – Many companies has their own UNIX - Richard
Stallman – GNU (1984) – root of Linux
✓ 1990- Linus Torvalds, a Swedish speaking Finnish
student, buying a 386 computer and writing a brand new
POSIX compliant kernel. combination of this kernel
with the GNU tools.
✓ 2015 - Linux
History
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 3
14. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Whereis
✓ Whereis –m whois location of the manpage will be
revealed
✓ Man sections
✓ Section numbers will be in brackets ex. (1)
✓ Man $section $file
✓ man passwd opens the first manual found
✓ man 5 passwd opens a page from section 5
✓ Man man
✓ If you want to know more about man, then Read The
Fantastic Manual (RTFM)
✓ Mandb
✓ Mandb man page exists, but you can't access it
Linux commands – Man/Manual Pages
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 14
15. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Pwd
✓ Pwd print working directory
✓ Cd
✓ Cd touched change your current directory
✓ Absolute and relative paths
✓ Paths in the file tree
✓ Path starting with a slash (/), then the root of the file tree is
assumed
✓ If you don't start your path with a slash, then the current
directory is the assumed starting point.
✓ Cd home or cd /home
Linux commands – Working with directories
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 15
19. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Cal
✓ Cal Shows current month calendar on the terminal with the
current date highlighted.
✓ Cal –y Shows the calendar of the complete current year
with the current date highlighted
✓ Cal 08 2000
✓ Cal 2000
✓ Date
✓ Date displays date - pacific daylight time
✓ Date –u Greenwich Mean Time)/UTC(Coordinated
Universal Time )
✓ Date –date=“2 year ago”
✓ Date –date=“5 sec ago”
Linux commands – general purpose utilities
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 19
20. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Script
✓ script command in Linux is used to make typescript or
record all the terminal activities.
✓ After executing the script command it starts recording
everything printed on the screen including the inputs and
outputs until exit.
✓ By default, all the terminal information is saved in the file
typescript
✓ Script
✓ Who
✓ The who command is used to get information about currently
logged in user on to system.
✓ who
Linux commands – general purpose utilities
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 20
21. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Tty
✓ tty which displays information related to terminal
✓ tty is short of teletype, but popularly known as a terminal it
allows you to interact with the system by passing on the data
(you input) to the system, and displaying the output
produced by the system.
✓ Tty --version
✓ Pwd
✓ pwd stands for Print Working Directory. It prints the path of
the working directory, starting from the root
Linux commands – general purpose utilities
2/9/2023 Linux Internals by Dr. Vikram Neerugatti 21
22. JAIN
–
DEEMED
TO
BE
UNIVERSITY
GLOBAL
CAMPUS:
45th
km
NH
-
209
Jakkasandra
Post,
Kanakapura
Rd,
Bengaluru,
Karnataka
562112
Department of CSE
✓ Ps
✓ Linux provides us a utility called ps for viewing information
related with the processes on a system which stands as
abbreviation for “Process Status”.
✓ ps command is used to list the currently running processes
and their PIDs along with some other information depends
on different options.
✓ Ps
✓ Uname
✓ The command ‘uname‘ displays the information about the
system.
✓ Uname -a
Linux commands – general purpose utilities
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