THE-COMMON-LANGUAGE-TREE Family in Southeast AsiaJohnCarloEdejer
The document discusses the linguistic composition and cultural influences in Southeast Asia. It notes that the thousands of languages spoken in the region can be traced back to four major families: Sino-Tibetan, Tai, Austronesian, and Austro-Asiatic. It also discusses how Indian and Chinese cultural influences diffused into Southeast Asia over millennia through trade, migration, and conquest, blending with local cultures to create diverse traditions across the region.
The presentation should include:
Language
Symbols
Food
Music
Arts and Literature
Entertainment
Education
Religion
Transportation
Government Structure
Customs and Traditions
Family
Sports and Recreation
Complete a one-paragraph reflection with the following information:
Describe culture, material culture, and nonmaterial culture.
Describe how symbols and language reflect cultural values.
Explain how culture impacts the individual and society.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cultural diversity refers to having different races, cultures, religions and backgrounds within a community. It exists in the variety of human societies and cultures in a region or worldwide. Some positive effects of cultural diversity include cultures mixing to create peace, good trade between countries, and exposure to various ethnic celebrations and perspectives. However, some negative effects can include ethnic prejudices leading to disagreements about status, differences seeming too great and myths being believed, and potential for discrimination and social unrest. While ethnicity is defined by ancestry and inherited traits, culture is a social phenomenon defined by the characteristics of a society and is acquired rather than inherited. Accommodations for different ethnic groups have increased, such as integrated housing and a diverse cabinet of ministers.
Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions and ancestry that unite a group of people. An ethnic group is defined by common traits like language, religion, customs, and ancestry. Larger ethnic groups can be divided into smaller subgroups over time through isolation or intermarriage. Southeast Asia is home to many ethnic groups that have been influenced by Indian, Chinese, Islamic, and Western cultures due to the region's history of trade and colonization. The ethnic groups vary across Southeast Asian countries and include distinctions based on language, religion, and region. Gender roles also differ across cultures but generally assign males as active and dominant and females as passive and nurturing. [/SUMMARY]
Language and Identity: How Dialects and Accents Shape Cultural Diversity - Po...TheSpanishGroupLLC
Language, a cornerstone of human communication, plays a profound role in shaping individual and collective identities. Beyond the words we use, our dialects and accents carry the essence of our cultural roots, contributing to the rich tapestry of global diversity. In this blog, we will explore the intricate relationship between language, identity, and cultural diversity, delving into how dialects and accents serve as powerful markers of who we are.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY ENGLISH 2JorgeCzares1
Linguistic and cultural diversity refers to the variety of languages and cultures that exist within a society or community. This includes differences in languages spoken, as well as diverse cultural practices, traditions, beliefs, and values. Linguistic diversity is evident in places like Switzerland where different languages dominate in different regions. Cultural diversity is on display in Brazil during annual celebrations like Carnival, where each region expresses its culture through unique music, dance, costumes, and traditions. Managing linguistic and cultural diversity can present challenges such as language barriers or loss of cultural identity, but it also provides opportunities such as richer perspectives and economic and community benefits from cultural exchange.
The Indonesian ancestors began migrating to the Philippines around 5,000-6,000 years ago, influencing the development of Filipino languages. Early Filipino societies were composed of small coastal communities called barangays, each led by a Datu. These barangays traded with one another but owed allegiance to different leaders. Indonesian, Tagalog, and other Philippine languages share Austronesian roots and contributed many words to one another's vocabularies due to geographic proximity and cultural exchange.
THE-COMMON-LANGUAGE-TREE Family in Southeast AsiaJohnCarloEdejer
The document discusses the linguistic composition and cultural influences in Southeast Asia. It notes that the thousands of languages spoken in the region can be traced back to four major families: Sino-Tibetan, Tai, Austronesian, and Austro-Asiatic. It also discusses how Indian and Chinese cultural influences diffused into Southeast Asia over millennia through trade, migration, and conquest, blending with local cultures to create diverse traditions across the region.
The presentation should include:
Language
Symbols
Food
Music
Arts and Literature
Entertainment
Education
Religion
Transportation
Government Structure
Customs and Traditions
Family
Sports and Recreation
Complete a one-paragraph reflection with the following information:
Describe culture, material culture, and nonmaterial culture.
Describe how symbols and language reflect cultural values.
Explain how culture impacts the individual and society.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cultural diversity refers to having different races, cultures, religions and backgrounds within a community. It exists in the variety of human societies and cultures in a region or worldwide. Some positive effects of cultural diversity include cultures mixing to create peace, good trade between countries, and exposure to various ethnic celebrations and perspectives. However, some negative effects can include ethnic prejudices leading to disagreements about status, differences seeming too great and myths being believed, and potential for discrimination and social unrest. While ethnicity is defined by ancestry and inherited traits, culture is a social phenomenon defined by the characteristics of a society and is acquired rather than inherited. Accommodations for different ethnic groups have increased, such as integrated housing and a diverse cabinet of ministers.
Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions and ancestry that unite a group of people. An ethnic group is defined by common traits like language, religion, customs, and ancestry. Larger ethnic groups can be divided into smaller subgroups over time through isolation or intermarriage. Southeast Asia is home to many ethnic groups that have been influenced by Indian, Chinese, Islamic, and Western cultures due to the region's history of trade and colonization. The ethnic groups vary across Southeast Asian countries and include distinctions based on language, religion, and region. Gender roles also differ across cultures but generally assign males as active and dominant and females as passive and nurturing. [/SUMMARY]
Language and Identity: How Dialects and Accents Shape Cultural Diversity - Po...TheSpanishGroupLLC
Language, a cornerstone of human communication, plays a profound role in shaping individual and collective identities. Beyond the words we use, our dialects and accents carry the essence of our cultural roots, contributing to the rich tapestry of global diversity. In this blog, we will explore the intricate relationship between language, identity, and cultural diversity, delving into how dialects and accents serve as powerful markers of who we are.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY ENGLISH 2JorgeCzares1
Linguistic and cultural diversity refers to the variety of languages and cultures that exist within a society or community. This includes differences in languages spoken, as well as diverse cultural practices, traditions, beliefs, and values. Linguistic diversity is evident in places like Switzerland where different languages dominate in different regions. Cultural diversity is on display in Brazil during annual celebrations like Carnival, where each region expresses its culture through unique music, dance, costumes, and traditions. Managing linguistic and cultural diversity can present challenges such as language barriers or loss of cultural identity, but it also provides opportunities such as richer perspectives and economic and community benefits from cultural exchange.
The Indonesian ancestors began migrating to the Philippines around 5,000-6,000 years ago, influencing the development of Filipino languages. Early Filipino societies were composed of small coastal communities called barangays, each led by a Datu. These barangays traded with one another but owed allegiance to different leaders. Indonesian, Tagalog, and other Philippine languages share Austronesian roots and contributed many words to one another's vocabularies due to geographic proximity and cultural exchange.
Language and Identity: How Dialects and Accents Shape Cultural DiversityTheSpanishGroupLLC
Language, a cornerstone of human communication, plays a profound role in shaping individual and collective identities. Beyond the words we use, our dialects and accents carry the essence of our cultural roots, contributing to the rich tapestry of global diversity. In this blog, we will explore the intricate relationship between language, identity, and cultural diversity, delving into how dialects and accents serve as powerful markers of who we are.
The document discusses several case studies that illustrate the relationship between local and global linguistic varieties and the social meanings associated with them.
In Soulan, France, the local Soulatan variety was replaced by French as the language became associated with modernity and global institutions. On Martha's Vineyard, pronunciation of diphthongs signaled speakers' identification with either local tradition or the new global economy.
At a Detroit-area high school, social groups known as "jocks" and "burnouts" were distinguished by their use of standard vs. nonstandard language, reflecting their orientation to the school as an institution or rejection of it. Linguistic varieties take on ideological meanings regarding community membership, social class,
chapter 9Culture and EducationBy this point in the volJinElias52
chapter 9
Culture and Education
By this point in the volume, the need for dialogue in public spaces
may seem obvious. But having this conversation occur in shared, respect-
ful, and productive ways is not easy in diverse, pluralistic settings. It may
be even more difficult in those settings where differences in race, gender,
sexual orientation, and language are awarded pride of place or position. In
this chapter Sonia Nieto advances the conversation about the educational
implications of some of the ideas we grappled with in Part Two: if
democracy involves people creating common and uncommon worlds in
order to define themselves and live together, what are some of the hori-
zons of significance available for this kind of education? Nieto captures
the challenge as how to live together and thrive amidst what seems
inevitable interracial misunderstanding and conflict explained by
differences in ethnicity, color, language—often referred to as cultural
differences.
Nieto reminds us that culture is not a given, but a human creation,
dependent on particular geographical, temporal, and sociopolitical con-
texts and therefore vulnerable to issues of power and control. She unpacks
some of the features that follow from this understanding—culture
as dynamic, multifaceted, embedded in context, influenced by social,
economic, and political factors, socially constructed, learned,
and dialectical—often drawing on her personal experience to illustrate
her points.
Sonia Nieto is Professor Emerita of Language, Literacy, and
Culture in the School of Education, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. Her books include Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical
Context of Multicultural Education (5th edition, 2008, with Patty Bode),
What Keeps Teachers Going? (2003), and the edited volumes Puerto Rican
Students in U.S. Schools (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000), Why We Teach
(Teachers College Press, 2005), and Dear Paulo: Letters from Those Who
Dare Teach (Paradigm Publishers, 2008). She has taught at the elemen-
tary grades through graduate school and continues to speak and
write on multicultural education, teacher preparation, and the educa-
tion of Latinos and other culturally and linguistically diverse student
populations.
127
Culture and Education1
sonia nieto
[We] are not simply bearers of cultures, languages, and histories, with a duty to
reproduce them. We are the products of linguistic-cultural circumstances,
actors with a capacity to resynthesize what we have been socialized into and to
solve new and emerging problems of existence. We are not duty-bound to
conserve ancestral characteristics which are not structurally useful. We are both
socially determined and creators of human futures.2
The term culture can be problematic because it can mean different
things to different people in different contexts. For instance, culture is
sometimes used as if it pertained only to those with formal education
and privileged social status, implying activities such as attendin ...
This document discusses cultural communication and tribal culture. It provides definitions of tribes and describes their socio-cultural, religious, political, and economic characteristics. Tribes are typically isolated groups that engage in hunting, live in forests, and have their own distinct languages and belief systems. While modernization has disrupted tribal autonomy and traditions, preserving tribal culture is important for celebrating India's diversity. Finding community and belonging within a tribe can provide fulfillment and benefits to well-being.
The document discusses different cultures around the world. It provides information on the cultures of Africa, America, India, China, Japan, Greece, Egypt, Mayan, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, South Asia, Italy, Ireland, French Canada, Hong Kong, Peru, Samoan, South Korea, Malaysia, Celtic, Gothic, English Romanticism, and sociology's perspective on culture. The document examines elements of each culture like languages, traditions, history, food, religion, and how cultures have developed and been influenced over time.
National culture is most important for the business who want to globalized in the world. It is very important to understand national culture to expand business because of what people want in that particular area and that region.
National culture is study about people needs in that area where company want to grow there business.
The document provides an overview of tradition and culture. It defines tradition as a belief or behavior passed down over time with symbolic meaning. Culture is defined as patterns of human activity and symbolic structures that give significance to those activities. The document then discusses 10 common elements of culture, including arts, clothing, food, dance, and traditions. It provides brief overviews of the cultures of several countries, highlighting some distinguishing cultural aspects of Italy, Spain, India, Greece, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia, Ireland, Indonesia, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.
TALKING ABOUT TRIBEMOVING FROMSTEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS.docxssuserf9c51d
TALKING ABOUT "TRIBE":
MOVING FROM
STEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS
highly developed trade networks
without recourse to elaborate states.
Tribe is also used for all sorts of
smaller units of such larger nations,
peoples or ethnic groups. The
followers of a particular local leader
may be called a tribe. Members of an
extended kin-group may be called a
tribe. People who live in a particular
area may be called a tribe. We find
tribes within tribes, and cutting across
other tribes. Offering no useful
distinctions, tribe obscures many. As a
description of a group, tribe means
...
J:-
r-
~-Z
~
J:-
III
o
C...
one, Hutu and Tutsi
lived interspersed in the
same territory. They
spoke the same language,
married each other, and
shared virtually all
aspects of culture. At no point
in history could the distinction
be defined by distinct
territories, one of the key
assumptions built into "tribe."
Tribe is used for groups
who trace dleir heritage to
great kingdoms. It is applied to
Nigeria's Igbo and other peoples who
organized orderly societies composed
of hundreds of local communities and
Benin, who share a
language but have an
eight-hundred year
history of multiple and
sometimes warring city-
states, and of religious
diversity even within the
same extended families.
Tribe is used for Hutu
and Tutsi in the central
African countries of
Rwanda and Burundi .
Yet the two societies
(and regions within
them) have different
histories. And in each
What's Wrong With "Tribe?"
~ Tribe has no coherent meaning.
What is a tribe? The Zulu in South
Africa, whose name and common
identity was forged by the creation of a
powerful state less than two centuries
ago, and who are a bigger group than
French Canadians, are called a tribe. So
are the !Kung hunter-gatherers of
Botswana and Namibia, who number
in the hundreds. The term is applied to
Kenya's Maasai herders and Kikuyu
farmers, and to members of these
groups in cities and towns when they
go dlere to live and work. Tribe is used
for millions of Yoruba in Nigeria and
"tribe" does not contribute to
understanding these identities or the
conflicts sometimes tied to them. There
are, moreover, many less loaded and
more helpful alternative words to use.
Depending on context, people, ethnic
group, nationality, commwlity, village,
chiefdom, or kin-group might be
appropriate. Whatever the term one
uses, it is essential to understand that
identities in Africa are as diverse,
ambiguous, complex, modern, and
changing as anywhere else in the world.
Most scholars already prefer other
terms to "tribe." So, among the media,
does dle British Broadcasting
Corporation. But "tribal" and
"Afi-ican" are still virtually synonyms in
most media, among policy-makers and
among Western publics. Clearing away
this stereotype, dlis paper argues, is an
essential step for beginning to
understand the diversity and richness
of African realities.
II
or most people in Western
c ...
Origin of culture :Cultural hearth and cultural realm, cultural region.RAJKUMARPOREL
The document discusses the origin and development of cultural hearths and cultural regions around the world. It identifies the seven original cultural hearths as Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, the Aegean region, the Indus River Valley, the Ganges River Valley, the Wei-Huang Valley, and West Africa. These early hearths developed around major river systems and influenced the spread of culture. The document also outlines the major cultural realms of Occidental, Islamic, Indian, East Asian, and minor realms of Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. It defines key terms like cultural area and cultural boundary.
Hybridization refers to the process of cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred in the Caribbean beginning with European colonization. When different groups like Europeans, Africans, and indigenous peoples encountered one another, they adopted aspects of each other's languages and cultural practices, producing new "creole" forms. However, it was the institution of plantation slavery that most deeply entrenched hybridization in Caribbean society and culture by forcing interactions between these groups.
This chapter of the textbook focuses on cultural geography and explores how culture shapes and is shaped by space, place and landscape. It examines fundamental aspects of culture like language and religion, which demonstrate both globalizing and localizing trends. Cultural geographers also study how other forms of cultural identity, such as gender, sexuality and ethnicity, are used to assert identity and resist dominant cultural influences. The chapter outlines how it will examine cultural systems, nationalism, identity and the relationship between culture, environment and globalization. It provides learning objectives and an outline of topic areas that will be covered, along with maps, figures and discussion topics to illustrate key concepts.
Who are Indigenous Peoples and its behaviorrtuppil
The document discusses indigenous communities in the Philippines. It defines indigenous peoples as descendants of those inhabiting a country prior to conquest or colonization who maintain distinct social, cultural and political identities. There are estimated to be between 12-17 million indigenous peoples belonging to over 100 ethnolinguistic groups across the Philippines. The majority live in Mindanao, with others scattered throughout Luzon, the Visayas islands and Palawan. The document outlines the geographic distribution and sociocultural characteristics of various indigenous communities.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It states that language and culture cannot be separated, as language is used to explore and experience cultures and understand cultural perspectives. It also notes that as cultures develop new ideas, they create language components to express those concepts, and the limitations of a language can prevent some concepts from being part of a culture. Finally, it argues that language serves an important social function as a means of communicating values, beliefs, and customs, and helps foster group identity and solidarity while preserving culture and traditions.
Indigenous peoples are estimated to number over 370 million spread across 70 countries. They descended from those inhabiting areas before conquest or colonization and maintain distinct social, cultural and political traditions from dominant societies. They include groups like Native Americans, Inuit, Aboriginal Australians and Maori. While no single definition exists, indigenous identity is generally based on self-identification and historical continuity with pre-colonial societies, strong ties to traditional lands and cultures, and non-dominance within nation states. Indigenous peoples seek recognition of their identities and rights to lands, cultures and self-determination.
The document discusses various aspects of culture including definitions, theories of multiculturalism, and differences across cultures. It provides definitions of culture from various scholars and discusses Sir Edward Tylor's 1871 definition of culture as the complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs of a society. It also summarizes theories of multiculturalism such as the melting pot theory and salad bowl theory. Finally, it highlights differences in areas like communication styles, personal space, attitudes toward time, and social norms across cultures.
This document discusses the culture and social classes of Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has a rich cultural background influenced by surrounding regions. The country has four main provinces, each with their own distinct culture and languages. English is the official language but Urdu is most widely spoken. Western influences are also present, especially in urban areas and among wealthy Pakistanis. The document outlines the three main social classes in Pakistan - upper, middle, and working - defined based on education, occupation, income, and place of residence. The upper class makes up 2% of the population and controls 60-65% of wealth. The middle class is 28% and works in small/medium businesses or government. The working class is 70% and has low
ELECTIVE 1 MULTICULTURAL GROUP 1
This is a compilation of the reports made by group 1 about what is culture, its components and the Filipino culture.
---USEP CED-BSED TLE 3
Culture can be defined as the shared patterns of behavior and interactions that develop over time within groups and are passed down through socialization. The document then provides brief overviews of the main characteristics of several major cultures, including Western culture which developed from Greco-Roman traditions and Christianity, Eastern culture which was influenced by religions and rice cultivation, Latin culture which spread through Spanish and Portuguese languages, Middle Eastern culture which is linked by Arabic language and the major religions that originated there, and African culture which is extremely diverse with many ethnic groups and was influenced by migration patterns across the continent.
Language and Identity: How Dialects and Accents Shape Cultural DiversityTheSpanishGroupLLC
Language, a cornerstone of human communication, plays a profound role in shaping individual and collective identities. Beyond the words we use, our dialects and accents carry the essence of our cultural roots, contributing to the rich tapestry of global diversity. In this blog, we will explore the intricate relationship between language, identity, and cultural diversity, delving into how dialects and accents serve as powerful markers of who we are.
The document discusses several case studies that illustrate the relationship between local and global linguistic varieties and the social meanings associated with them.
In Soulan, France, the local Soulatan variety was replaced by French as the language became associated with modernity and global institutions. On Martha's Vineyard, pronunciation of diphthongs signaled speakers' identification with either local tradition or the new global economy.
At a Detroit-area high school, social groups known as "jocks" and "burnouts" were distinguished by their use of standard vs. nonstandard language, reflecting their orientation to the school as an institution or rejection of it. Linguistic varieties take on ideological meanings regarding community membership, social class,
chapter 9Culture and EducationBy this point in the volJinElias52
chapter 9
Culture and Education
By this point in the volume, the need for dialogue in public spaces
may seem obvious. But having this conversation occur in shared, respect-
ful, and productive ways is not easy in diverse, pluralistic settings. It may
be even more difficult in those settings where differences in race, gender,
sexual orientation, and language are awarded pride of place or position. In
this chapter Sonia Nieto advances the conversation about the educational
implications of some of the ideas we grappled with in Part Two: if
democracy involves people creating common and uncommon worlds in
order to define themselves and live together, what are some of the hori-
zons of significance available for this kind of education? Nieto captures
the challenge as how to live together and thrive amidst what seems
inevitable interracial misunderstanding and conflict explained by
differences in ethnicity, color, language—often referred to as cultural
differences.
Nieto reminds us that culture is not a given, but a human creation,
dependent on particular geographical, temporal, and sociopolitical con-
texts and therefore vulnerable to issues of power and control. She unpacks
some of the features that follow from this understanding—culture
as dynamic, multifaceted, embedded in context, influenced by social,
economic, and political factors, socially constructed, learned,
and dialectical—often drawing on her personal experience to illustrate
her points.
Sonia Nieto is Professor Emerita of Language, Literacy, and
Culture in the School of Education, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. Her books include Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical
Context of Multicultural Education (5th edition, 2008, with Patty Bode),
What Keeps Teachers Going? (2003), and the edited volumes Puerto Rican
Students in U.S. Schools (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000), Why We Teach
(Teachers College Press, 2005), and Dear Paulo: Letters from Those Who
Dare Teach (Paradigm Publishers, 2008). She has taught at the elemen-
tary grades through graduate school and continues to speak and
write on multicultural education, teacher preparation, and the educa-
tion of Latinos and other culturally and linguistically diverse student
populations.
127
Culture and Education1
sonia nieto
[We] are not simply bearers of cultures, languages, and histories, with a duty to
reproduce them. We are the products of linguistic-cultural circumstances,
actors with a capacity to resynthesize what we have been socialized into and to
solve new and emerging problems of existence. We are not duty-bound to
conserve ancestral characteristics which are not structurally useful. We are both
socially determined and creators of human futures.2
The term culture can be problematic because it can mean different
things to different people in different contexts. For instance, culture is
sometimes used as if it pertained only to those with formal education
and privileged social status, implying activities such as attendin ...
This document discusses cultural communication and tribal culture. It provides definitions of tribes and describes their socio-cultural, religious, political, and economic characteristics. Tribes are typically isolated groups that engage in hunting, live in forests, and have their own distinct languages and belief systems. While modernization has disrupted tribal autonomy and traditions, preserving tribal culture is important for celebrating India's diversity. Finding community and belonging within a tribe can provide fulfillment and benefits to well-being.
The document discusses different cultures around the world. It provides information on the cultures of Africa, America, India, China, Japan, Greece, Egypt, Mayan, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, South Asia, Italy, Ireland, French Canada, Hong Kong, Peru, Samoan, South Korea, Malaysia, Celtic, Gothic, English Romanticism, and sociology's perspective on culture. The document examines elements of each culture like languages, traditions, history, food, religion, and how cultures have developed and been influenced over time.
National culture is most important for the business who want to globalized in the world. It is very important to understand national culture to expand business because of what people want in that particular area and that region.
National culture is study about people needs in that area where company want to grow there business.
The document provides an overview of tradition and culture. It defines tradition as a belief or behavior passed down over time with symbolic meaning. Culture is defined as patterns of human activity and symbolic structures that give significance to those activities. The document then discusses 10 common elements of culture, including arts, clothing, food, dance, and traditions. It provides brief overviews of the cultures of several countries, highlighting some distinguishing cultural aspects of Italy, Spain, India, Greece, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia, Ireland, Indonesia, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.
TALKING ABOUT TRIBEMOVING FROMSTEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS.docxssuserf9c51d
TALKING ABOUT "TRIBE":
MOVING FROM
STEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS
highly developed trade networks
without recourse to elaborate states.
Tribe is also used for all sorts of
smaller units of such larger nations,
peoples or ethnic groups. The
followers of a particular local leader
may be called a tribe. Members of an
extended kin-group may be called a
tribe. People who live in a particular
area may be called a tribe. We find
tribes within tribes, and cutting across
other tribes. Offering no useful
distinctions, tribe obscures many. As a
description of a group, tribe means
...
J:-
r-
~-Z
~
J:-
III
o
C...
one, Hutu and Tutsi
lived interspersed in the
same territory. They
spoke the same language,
married each other, and
shared virtually all
aspects of culture. At no point
in history could the distinction
be defined by distinct
territories, one of the key
assumptions built into "tribe."
Tribe is used for groups
who trace dleir heritage to
great kingdoms. It is applied to
Nigeria's Igbo and other peoples who
organized orderly societies composed
of hundreds of local communities and
Benin, who share a
language but have an
eight-hundred year
history of multiple and
sometimes warring city-
states, and of religious
diversity even within the
same extended families.
Tribe is used for Hutu
and Tutsi in the central
African countries of
Rwanda and Burundi .
Yet the two societies
(and regions within
them) have different
histories. And in each
What's Wrong With "Tribe?"
~ Tribe has no coherent meaning.
What is a tribe? The Zulu in South
Africa, whose name and common
identity was forged by the creation of a
powerful state less than two centuries
ago, and who are a bigger group than
French Canadians, are called a tribe. So
are the !Kung hunter-gatherers of
Botswana and Namibia, who number
in the hundreds. The term is applied to
Kenya's Maasai herders and Kikuyu
farmers, and to members of these
groups in cities and towns when they
go dlere to live and work. Tribe is used
for millions of Yoruba in Nigeria and
"tribe" does not contribute to
understanding these identities or the
conflicts sometimes tied to them. There
are, moreover, many less loaded and
more helpful alternative words to use.
Depending on context, people, ethnic
group, nationality, commwlity, village,
chiefdom, or kin-group might be
appropriate. Whatever the term one
uses, it is essential to understand that
identities in Africa are as diverse,
ambiguous, complex, modern, and
changing as anywhere else in the world.
Most scholars already prefer other
terms to "tribe." So, among the media,
does dle British Broadcasting
Corporation. But "tribal" and
"Afi-ican" are still virtually synonyms in
most media, among policy-makers and
among Western publics. Clearing away
this stereotype, dlis paper argues, is an
essential step for beginning to
understand the diversity and richness
of African realities.
II
or most people in Western
c ...
Origin of culture :Cultural hearth and cultural realm, cultural region.RAJKUMARPOREL
The document discusses the origin and development of cultural hearths and cultural regions around the world. It identifies the seven original cultural hearths as Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, the Aegean region, the Indus River Valley, the Ganges River Valley, the Wei-Huang Valley, and West Africa. These early hearths developed around major river systems and influenced the spread of culture. The document also outlines the major cultural realms of Occidental, Islamic, Indian, East Asian, and minor realms of Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. It defines key terms like cultural area and cultural boundary.
Hybridization refers to the process of cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred in the Caribbean beginning with European colonization. When different groups like Europeans, Africans, and indigenous peoples encountered one another, they adopted aspects of each other's languages and cultural practices, producing new "creole" forms. However, it was the institution of plantation slavery that most deeply entrenched hybridization in Caribbean society and culture by forcing interactions between these groups.
This chapter of the textbook focuses on cultural geography and explores how culture shapes and is shaped by space, place and landscape. It examines fundamental aspects of culture like language and religion, which demonstrate both globalizing and localizing trends. Cultural geographers also study how other forms of cultural identity, such as gender, sexuality and ethnicity, are used to assert identity and resist dominant cultural influences. The chapter outlines how it will examine cultural systems, nationalism, identity and the relationship between culture, environment and globalization. It provides learning objectives and an outline of topic areas that will be covered, along with maps, figures and discussion topics to illustrate key concepts.
Who are Indigenous Peoples and its behaviorrtuppil
The document discusses indigenous communities in the Philippines. It defines indigenous peoples as descendants of those inhabiting a country prior to conquest or colonization who maintain distinct social, cultural and political identities. There are estimated to be between 12-17 million indigenous peoples belonging to over 100 ethnolinguistic groups across the Philippines. The majority live in Mindanao, with others scattered throughout Luzon, the Visayas islands and Palawan. The document outlines the geographic distribution and sociocultural characteristics of various indigenous communities.
The document discusses the relationship between language and culture. It states that language and culture cannot be separated, as language is used to explore and experience cultures and understand cultural perspectives. It also notes that as cultures develop new ideas, they create language components to express those concepts, and the limitations of a language can prevent some concepts from being part of a culture. Finally, it argues that language serves an important social function as a means of communicating values, beliefs, and customs, and helps foster group identity and solidarity while preserving culture and traditions.
Indigenous peoples are estimated to number over 370 million spread across 70 countries. They descended from those inhabiting areas before conquest or colonization and maintain distinct social, cultural and political traditions from dominant societies. They include groups like Native Americans, Inuit, Aboriginal Australians and Maori. While no single definition exists, indigenous identity is generally based on self-identification and historical continuity with pre-colonial societies, strong ties to traditional lands and cultures, and non-dominance within nation states. Indigenous peoples seek recognition of their identities and rights to lands, cultures and self-determination.
The document discusses various aspects of culture including definitions, theories of multiculturalism, and differences across cultures. It provides definitions of culture from various scholars and discusses Sir Edward Tylor's 1871 definition of culture as the complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs of a society. It also summarizes theories of multiculturalism such as the melting pot theory and salad bowl theory. Finally, it highlights differences in areas like communication styles, personal space, attitudes toward time, and social norms across cultures.
This document discusses the culture and social classes of Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has a rich cultural background influenced by surrounding regions. The country has four main provinces, each with their own distinct culture and languages. English is the official language but Urdu is most widely spoken. Western influences are also present, especially in urban areas and among wealthy Pakistanis. The document outlines the three main social classes in Pakistan - upper, middle, and working - defined based on education, occupation, income, and place of residence. The upper class makes up 2% of the population and controls 60-65% of wealth. The middle class is 28% and works in small/medium businesses or government. The working class is 70% and has low
ELECTIVE 1 MULTICULTURAL GROUP 1
This is a compilation of the reports made by group 1 about what is culture, its components and the Filipino culture.
---USEP CED-BSED TLE 3
Culture can be defined as the shared patterns of behavior and interactions that develop over time within groups and are passed down through socialization. The document then provides brief overviews of the main characteristics of several major cultures, including Western culture which developed from Greco-Roman traditions and Christianity, Eastern culture which was influenced by religions and rice cultivation, Latin culture which spread through Spanish and Portuguese languages, Middle Eastern culture which is linked by Arabic language and the major religions that originated there, and African culture which is extremely diverse with many ethnic groups and was influenced by migration patterns across the continent.
Semelhante a INDIGENOUS COMMUNALITIES, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE (20)
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. INTRODUCTION
According to United Nations (UN), Indigenous communalities, people
and nations are those which, have a historical continuity with pre-
invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories,
consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now
prevailing on those territories, or parts of them.
Indigenous people are inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures
and ways of relating to people and the environment. They have
retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are
distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live.
Despite their cultural differences, indigenous people from around the
world share common problems related to the protection of their
rights as distinct peoples.
8. Indigenous peoples worldwide are the custodians of unique cultures and possess a profound connection to their
natural environment, distinguishing them from dominant societies. Their social, cultural, economic, and
political characteristics are preserved, creating a tapestry of diversity. The term "Indigenous Peoples" has
transcended conventional dictionary definitions, gaining recognition in international law to encompass a
broad spectrum of communities beyond initial interpretations.
At the heart of indigenous communities lies the concept of communality, a multifaceted dimension
encompassing the spiritual, ethical, and ideological codes that define their existence. This perspective
extends beyond the physical space inhabited by these communities, delving into the dynamic interplay
between individuals and the elements of nature. Communality is not a concept in opposition to Western
society but rather a distinct and intricate framework that shapes indigenous political, social, legal, cultural,
economic, and civil behaviors.
A. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
9. A. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Self-identification is paramount for indigenous peoples, who prefer names rooted in their own languages over
external labels such as "ethnic minorities" or "hill tribes" imposed by some governments. These communities
possess distinct languages, cultures, customary laws, and social and political institutions that coexist with,
yet differ from, those of dominant ethno-linguistic groups in their respective countries.
In the face of violent conflicts, some indigenous groups are forced to relocate to other countries, like Thailand,
Vietnam, or Laos. Despite not being the original inhabitants, they strive to preserve their way of life,
traditions, and practices, maintaining their identity as Indigenous Peoples. Their often small populations
belie the rich diversity among indigenous communities, all sharing a profound cultural attachment to and
dependence on land, forests, or the sea and the natural resources therein. Displacement not only threatens
livelihoods but also endangers the very essence of their identity, emphasizing the integral connection
between indigenous peoples and their territories.
11. B. COMMON LANGUAGE TREE
Language diversity globally is a testament to the rich tapestry of human communication, with thousands of
languages tracing back to common ancestral roots. The metaphorical language tree, employed by linguists,
helps elucidate the historical relationships between languages and their evolution over time. Southeast
Asia stands out for its linguistic complexity, shaped by four major language families: Sino-Tibetan, Tai,
Austro-Asiatic, and Austronesian.
Within the Sino-Tibetan family, there are over 400 languages, including Chinese and Tibeto-Burman.
Austronesian languages, spoken across Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific, boast a significant
speaker base of approximately 386 million.
12. B. COMMON LANGUAGE TREE
The Austro-Asiatic family encompasses 169 languages in Southeast Asia, while Tai languages, belonging
to the Kra-Dai family, include widely spoken varieties like Standard Thai and Lao.
13. B. COMMON LANGUAGE TREE
Despite linguistic diversity, certain dominant languages, such as Burmese, Thai, Khmer, and Vietnamese,
play crucial roles in defining national identity within their respective nations. In the Philippines and
Indonesia, linguistic variations are particularly pronounced, especially in fragmented and remote areas,
posing challenges to national integration and development. The influx of immigrant populations introduces
additional languages, with Chinese dialects like Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, and Teochew becoming
prevalent in various Southeast Asian countries, particularly Singapore.
Language emerges as a unifying force in some Southeast Asian nations, contributing to cultural identity
and fostering development. The intricate linguistic tapestry not only reflects the region's historical
interactions but also shapes its contemporary cultural landscape. Trade, migration, and diverse language
families have left an indelible mark on Southeast Asia, creating a unique blend of languages that continues
to evolve and shape the region's dynamic cultural mosaic.
15. B. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Language, beyond its practical elements of sounds and symbols, serves as a multifaceted vehicle for
expressing identity at various levels—individual, communal, and national. It acts as a mirror reflecting the soul
of a society, encapsulating its beliefs, attitudes, and values. The intricate relationship between language and
culture becomes particularly evident in the nuanced interpretations of seemingly simple expressions, such as
the notion of a "good day." In European cultures, it may be associated with sunshine, symbolizing positivity,
while in many African cultures, a "good day" might evoke images of life-sustaining rain, representing a
different set of values deeply rooted in the environment and agricultural practices.
This intertwining of language and culture goes beyond mere linguistic structures; it extends to shared
behavioral patterns and societal norms. When learning a new language, one embarks on a journey not just
into grammar rules and vocabulary but also into the customs and behaviors of the society that speaks that
language. The importance of referencing the culture in language education is underscored by the fact that
language is not an isolated entity but is deeply ingrained in the cultural context it represents. Thus, language
serves not only as a tool for communication but also as a gateway to understanding the intricate tapestry of
human cultures across the globe. In acknowledging this interdependence, we appreciate the richness that
language and culture collectively bring to the diverse mosaic of human expression.
17. B. Origins and Diffusion
The intricate web of cultural diffusion in Southeast Asia reveals a dynamic history shaped by the ebb and flow
of influences from various empires and regions. The impact of Indian traders is particularly noteworthy, with
their cultural contributions extending beyond tangible elements like cuisine and architecture to more profound
aspects such as religious beliefs. The introduction of Buddhism from India left an enduring legacy in the art
and architecture of Southeast Asian societies, symbolizing a spiritual connection that transcended
geographical boundaries.
Chinese influences, while significant, are also intertwined with the region's cultural evolution. The emergence
of the Dai Viet Empire in the Red River valley reflects the imprint of Han Chinese traditions, showcasing the
interplay of diverse influences. However, it is crucial to recognize that the complex cosmologies of distant
empires often had limited effects on the majority of the populace, composed mainly of peasants. The
resilience of local traditions and folk customs continues to form the backbone of mass culture, persisting
despite the millennia-long infusion of Indian cultural elements.
18. B. Origins and Diffusion
Southeast Asia stands as a captivating testament to the amalgamation of diverse cultures,
where classical Indian and Chinese contributions have interwoven with indigenous
practices to create a unique tapestry of traditions. This cultural fusion has not only shaped
high culture but has also permeated everyday life, leaving an indelible mark on the identity
of the hundreds of millions who call the region home. The ongoing interplay between
historical influences and contemporary dynamics underscores Southeast Asia's status as a
vibrant crucible of cultural exchange and adaptation.