Effect of Transmission Parameters on PAPR of Universal Filter Multicarrier Modulation Systems by Himanshu Monga* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in Next Generation Wireless Systems by Himanshu Monga* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Wavelet Packet based Multicarrier Modulation for Cognitive UWB SystemsCSCJournals
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) scheme where the sub carriers are orthogonal waves. The main advantages of OFDM are robustness against multi-path fading, frequency selective fading, narrowband interference, and efficient use of spectrum. Recently it is proved that MCM system optimization can be achieved by applying wavelet bases instead of conventional fourier bases. Wavelet packet based MCM (WPMCM) systems have overall the same capabilities as OFDM systems with some improved features. In this research the literature and analytic schemes of WPMCM system is addressed, a wavelet packet based cognitive ultra wideband (UWB) transceiver is proposed, and performance analysis of WPMCM in different wireless multipath channels is investigated. Simulation results show a significant enhancement in terms of BER, spectral efficiency and side-lobes suppression comparing to conventional OFDM.
This document provides an overview of MIMO-OFDM systems for wireless communication. It discusses how MIMO technology, which uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, can be combined with OFDM to enhance system capacity and increase diversity gain. It describes some key aspects of MIMO-OFDM systems, including spatial multiplexing to boost throughput, space-time coding to improve link reliability, and how OFDM converts frequency-selective MIMO channels into parallel frequency-flat channels to increase frequency efficiency. The document also discusses modulation techniques, space-time block coding, and how space-time coding can be applied in MIMO-OFDM systems.
Performance Analsis of Clipping Technique for Papr Reduction of MB-OFDM UWB S...ijcisjournal
Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as efficacious procedure for
ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication applications, which divides the spectrum into various subbands,
whose bandwidth is approximately 500MHz. Major arduousness in multiband-OFDM is ,it have
very large peak to average power ratio value which causes the signal to enter into dynamic region that
consequence in the loss of orthogonal properties and results in the interference of the carrier signals which
crops the amplifier saturation and finally limits the capacity of the system. Many PAPR amortize
algorithms have reported in the survey and pre-coding is PAPR reduction which is inserted after
modulation in the OFDM system. The Existing work presents the reduction of that value by different
clipping techniques namely Classical-Clipping (CC), Heavy side-Clipping (HC), Deep-Clipping (DC) and
Smooth-Clipping (SC) and their comparison analysis is done. Every clipping method is best at its own
level .The proficiency of these strategies are evaluated in locutions of average power disparity, complete
system decadence and PAPR reduction. Finally results show the MB OFDM yields better performance to
reduce PAPR in effective way.
techInvestigations with mode division multiplexed transmissionelelijjournal
This article presents proposed topology for mode division multiplexed link with SPDML and VCSEL, modulate electrical signal of 820nm wavelength. Transmission performance has been investigated for numerous modes, bit rates (2.5 to 10Gbps), transmission lengths of MMF (1 to 100km) and attenuation factor in conjunction with parabolic operational mode. Results illustrated successful performance up to nine modes in mode-division multiplexed transmission. Performance is improved at low data rates, illustrated higher OSNR with lower BER,-5dB attenuation factor. Though, at higher bit rate and longer
transmission length received OSNR is unsteady. It further inferred that transmission with large number of multiplexed modes result in degraded performance, augmented with minimization of mode coupling losses.Mode division multiplexed multimode optical communication can be a viable option for supplementary capacity augment in the preexisting and future fiber optic communication links.
WAVEFORM COMPARISON AND NONLINEARITY SENSITIVITIES OF FBMC, UFMC AND W-OFDM S...csandit
Recently, new waveforms for the 5th generation cellular system have been studied in many ways. UFMC, FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) and W-OFDM (window orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) waveforms are very strong candidates as a new waveform for 5G system. In this paper, we have evaluated the spectrum characteristic and BER performance of the waveforms under the effect of nonlinear HPA. Also, we like to show the comparison of the timefrequency resources of each system because it would be very important to estimate the spectral efficiency and communication throughput. As simulation results, it is confirmed that OOB power of each system increases, and OOB power increase of FBMC system is the biggest. Additionally, we have confirmed that performance of every system is degraded by strength of HPA nonlinearity, and every system needs the PAPR reduction method for the nonlinear
distortion compensation and power saving, even though it would be more complicated. Comparison table for the time-frequency resources requirement for the each modulation
systems is included.
Effect of Channel Variations on the Spectral Efficiency of Multiuser Diversit...IDES Editor
This document analyzes how the spectral efficiency of a multiuser diversity MIMO system is affected when the channel type deviates from Rayleigh fading to Nakagami-m fading. It simulates a system with different MIMO configurations and compares the average user data rates under absolute and proportional SNR scheduling schemes at 0dB, 10dB, and 20dB. The results show that user data rates decrease the most at 0dB SNR as the channel type changes from Rayleigh to Nakagami-m fading, with higher m values leading to greater losses.
Performance Evaluation of PAPR Reduction with SER and BER by Modified Clippin...ijcsse
This paper work focuses on performance analysis of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Now a days one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has been implemented by the next generation wireless communication technology: Long Term Evolution (LTE). Extra robustness to multipath fading and impulse noise is provided OFDM. It eliminates inter symbol interference (ISI) & inter carrier interference (ICI) with certain procedure. Therefore peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the basic problem with OFDM. However in this paper we proposed a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using clipping and filtering. Here we use a composed high pass , low pass & Chevyshev band pass filter II after amplitude clipping to reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) is also investigated as a new filter based clipping method is proposed. Our proposed clipping method with and composed high pass the Chevyshev bandpass filter II in PAPR performance of the system with a little compromise of BER & SER showing the significant improvement in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for Universal Filter Multi-Carrier Modulation in Next Generation Wireless Systems by Himanshu Monga* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Wavelet Packet based Multicarrier Modulation for Cognitive UWB SystemsCSCJournals
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) scheme where the sub carriers are orthogonal waves. The main advantages of OFDM are robustness against multi-path fading, frequency selective fading, narrowband interference, and efficient use of spectrum. Recently it is proved that MCM system optimization can be achieved by applying wavelet bases instead of conventional fourier bases. Wavelet packet based MCM (WPMCM) systems have overall the same capabilities as OFDM systems with some improved features. In this research the literature and analytic schemes of WPMCM system is addressed, a wavelet packet based cognitive ultra wideband (UWB) transceiver is proposed, and performance analysis of WPMCM in different wireless multipath channels is investigated. Simulation results show a significant enhancement in terms of BER, spectral efficiency and side-lobes suppression comparing to conventional OFDM.
This document provides an overview of MIMO-OFDM systems for wireless communication. It discusses how MIMO technology, which uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, can be combined with OFDM to enhance system capacity and increase diversity gain. It describes some key aspects of MIMO-OFDM systems, including spatial multiplexing to boost throughput, space-time coding to improve link reliability, and how OFDM converts frequency-selective MIMO channels into parallel frequency-flat channels to increase frequency efficiency. The document also discusses modulation techniques, space-time block coding, and how space-time coding can be applied in MIMO-OFDM systems.
Performance Analsis of Clipping Technique for Papr Reduction of MB-OFDM UWB S...ijcisjournal
Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is used as efficacious procedure for
ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication applications, which divides the spectrum into various subbands,
whose bandwidth is approximately 500MHz. Major arduousness in multiband-OFDM is ,it have
very large peak to average power ratio value which causes the signal to enter into dynamic region that
consequence in the loss of orthogonal properties and results in the interference of the carrier signals which
crops the amplifier saturation and finally limits the capacity of the system. Many PAPR amortize
algorithms have reported in the survey and pre-coding is PAPR reduction which is inserted after
modulation in the OFDM system. The Existing work presents the reduction of that value by different
clipping techniques namely Classical-Clipping (CC), Heavy side-Clipping (HC), Deep-Clipping (DC) and
Smooth-Clipping (SC) and their comparison analysis is done. Every clipping method is best at its own
level .The proficiency of these strategies are evaluated in locutions of average power disparity, complete
system decadence and PAPR reduction. Finally results show the MB OFDM yields better performance to
reduce PAPR in effective way.
techInvestigations with mode division multiplexed transmissionelelijjournal
This article presents proposed topology for mode division multiplexed link with SPDML and VCSEL, modulate electrical signal of 820nm wavelength. Transmission performance has been investigated for numerous modes, bit rates (2.5 to 10Gbps), transmission lengths of MMF (1 to 100km) and attenuation factor in conjunction with parabolic operational mode. Results illustrated successful performance up to nine modes in mode-division multiplexed transmission. Performance is improved at low data rates, illustrated higher OSNR with lower BER,-5dB attenuation factor. Though, at higher bit rate and longer
transmission length received OSNR is unsteady. It further inferred that transmission with large number of multiplexed modes result in degraded performance, augmented with minimization of mode coupling losses.Mode division multiplexed multimode optical communication can be a viable option for supplementary capacity augment in the preexisting and future fiber optic communication links.
WAVEFORM COMPARISON AND NONLINEARITY SENSITIVITIES OF FBMC, UFMC AND W-OFDM S...csandit
Recently, new waveforms for the 5th generation cellular system have been studied in many ways. UFMC, FBMC (filter bank multi-carrier) and W-OFDM (window orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) waveforms are very strong candidates as a new waveform for 5G system. In this paper, we have evaluated the spectrum characteristic and BER performance of the waveforms under the effect of nonlinear HPA. Also, we like to show the comparison of the timefrequency resources of each system because it would be very important to estimate the spectral efficiency and communication throughput. As simulation results, it is confirmed that OOB power of each system increases, and OOB power increase of FBMC system is the biggest. Additionally, we have confirmed that performance of every system is degraded by strength of HPA nonlinearity, and every system needs the PAPR reduction method for the nonlinear
distortion compensation and power saving, even though it would be more complicated. Comparison table for the time-frequency resources requirement for the each modulation
systems is included.
Effect of Channel Variations on the Spectral Efficiency of Multiuser Diversit...IDES Editor
This document analyzes how the spectral efficiency of a multiuser diversity MIMO system is affected when the channel type deviates from Rayleigh fading to Nakagami-m fading. It simulates a system with different MIMO configurations and compares the average user data rates under absolute and proportional SNR scheduling schemes at 0dB, 10dB, and 20dB. The results show that user data rates decrease the most at 0dB SNR as the channel type changes from Rayleigh to Nakagami-m fading, with higher m values leading to greater losses.
Performance Evaluation of PAPR Reduction with SER and BER by Modified Clippin...ijcsse
This paper work focuses on performance analysis of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Now a days one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has been implemented by the next generation wireless communication technology: Long Term Evolution (LTE). Extra robustness to multipath fading and impulse noise is provided OFDM. It eliminates inter symbol interference (ISI) & inter carrier interference (ICI) with certain procedure. Therefore peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the basic problem with OFDM. However in this paper we proposed a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using clipping and filtering. Here we use a composed high pass , low pass & Chevyshev band pass filter II after amplitude clipping to reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) is also investigated as a new filter based clipping method is proposed. Our proposed clipping method with and composed high pass the Chevyshev bandpass filter II in PAPR performance of the system with a little compromise of BER & SER showing the significant improvement in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
This document summarizes some key features of the LTE radio interface that enable unprecedented performance in mobile broadband. It discusses features like spectrum flexibility that allow LTE to operate in different frequency bands and bandwidths with both FDD and TDD duplexing. It also describes multi-antenna transmission techniques in LTE including transmit diversity to improve coverage and capacity, and multi-stream transmission to significantly increase peak data rates through multiple parallel data streams. Scheduling, link adaptation, and hybrid ARQ are explained as ways to efficiently utilize radio resources based on varying channel conditions.
Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-PSKCSCJournals
This document discusses performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM systems using QOSTBC coding for M-PSK modulation. It proposes a QOSTBC code structure for a 4x4 antenna configuration MIMO-OFDM system. It analyzes the performance of the system in AWGN and Rayleigh channels by evaluating BER versus SNR for different M-PSK modulation schemes and antenna configurations. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with 4x4 QOSTBC coding is shown to have better performance than other systems in terms of lower BER for a given SNR.
Pilot Decontamination over Time Frequency and Space Domains in Multi-Cell Ma...IJECEIAES
In this article, we show that Pilot contamination problem can be seen as a source separation problem using time, frequency, and space domains. Our method capitalizes on a nonunitary joint diagonalization of spatial quadratic time-frequency (STFD) signal representation to identify the desired and interfering users. We first compute the noise subspace from the STFD matrices selected appropriately. Secondly, we use the noise subspace obtained to estimate the Elevation (El) and the Azimuth (Az) angles for which the MUSIC cost function is maximized. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the behavior of the proposed approach.
Optical space division multiplexing uses multiple cores or modes in optical fibers to increase transmission capacity. A history of the technology was provided, noting the progression from single mode fibers to coherent detection and polarization multiplexing. Limits with single mode fibers were discussed, along with ways that multi-core and multi-mode fibers can overcome capacity constraints through spatial multiplexing across fiber cores and modes. Recent demonstrations showed record capacities of 57.6 Tb/s over multi-mode fiber and 24 Tb/s over hollow-core fiber. Integration challenges with spatial division multiplexing were also outlined.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
IRJET- BER Reduction of Distributed Spatial Modulation in Cooperative Relay N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing bit error rate (BER) of distributed spatial modulation in cooperative relay networks for cellular systems. The key points are:
1) Distributed spatial modulation (DSM) is proposed to overcome limitations of spatial modulation for mobile terminals by using multiple cooperative relays to form a virtual antenna array.
2) In DSM, source information is broadcast to relays and one relay is selected to forward the information to the destination, reducing transmit power.
3) A DSM-OFDM protocol is proposed where only one relay transmits per OFDM subcarrier while others transmit zero power.
4) Simulation results show the proposed DSM-OFDM scheme achieves
The document discusses different channel assignment strategies for wireless networks, including fixed channel assignment where each cell is predetermined channels and dynamic channel assignment where channels are allocated on request based on factors like channel occupancy. It also describes a partially overlapping channel (FPOC) assignment strategy that aims to increase capacity while minimizing interference through intelligent channel allocation between neighboring nodes.
Blind Channel Shortening for MIMO-OFDM System Using Zero Padding and Eigen De...ijsrd.com
This paper deals with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadband wireless communication systems, employing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In order to exploit the benefits of OFDM in highly frequency-selective channels, without any significant increase in receiver complexity, a channel shortening prefilter is inserted at the receiver. The main aim of inserting channel shorteners is to shorten the channel so that the main energy of the composite channel is concentrated within a duration smaller than the guard interval inserted while transmission. Thus by including channel shortening equalizers at the receiver the inter symbol interference or the inter block interference can be suppressed. The new approach proposed in this thesis is zero padding approach with Eigen decomposition approach. The advantages of the proposed approaches include immunity to delay spread, resistance to frequency selective fading and simple equalization. This shortening design is a blind one, i.e., a priori knowledge of the MIMO channel impulse response to be shortened is not required, and can be carried out in closed-form.
Comparatively analysis of FBG optical fiber in 25 & 35 Gbps DCDM based Commun...IJERD Editor
This document compares the performance of a 25 Gbps and 35 Gbps optical communication system using duty cycle division multiplexing (DCDM) with and without fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical filtering. It describes the DCDM technique which allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously using different duty cycles. The document presents the system design using a 5 user DCDM system and evaluates the performance based on signal-to-noise ratio, Q-factor, and bit error rate. It is observed that using an FBG filter improves the system performance for both the 25 Gbps and 35 Gbps systems.
This document provides a summary of a survey paper on Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) as an efficient technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in uplink communication systems. SC-FDMA was adopted for uplink transmission in Long Term Evolution (LTE) due to its lower PAPR compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA applies a DFT pre-coding to OFDMA signals before transmission, which converts the multi-carrier signal into a single-carrier signal and significantly reduces the PAPR. The document discusses the limitations of OFDM including high PAPR, and various PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM such as clipping,
This document analyzes the capacity of MIMO wireless channels when accounting for impairments from physical transceiver hardware limitations. It is shown that when including the effects of transceiver impairments like non-linearities, phase noise, and quantization noise, the capacity of MIMO channels reaches a finite limit as SNR increases, rather than increasing without bound. This results in a zero multiplexing gain, unlike the ideal case without impairments. However, the relative capacity increase from MIMO over single-antenna channels remains at least as large when including impairments. Various figures are presented showing the capacity and multiplexing gain for different channel models and transceiver configurations. The document concludes by stating the analysis provides insights into understanding
One of the main challenges faced by the developing (3GPP-LTE-Advanced) standard is providing high throughput at the cell edge.
One solution to improve coverage is the use of fixed relays.
This document discusses different multiplexing techniques used to transmit multiple channels over a single communication link, including frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), statistical TDM, asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL), and various digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. It provides examples of how FDM, TDM, and statistical TDM are used in analog carrier systems, digital carrier systems, synchronous optical network (SONET), and cable modem networks. It also describes how ADSL and discrete multitone (DMT) modulate signals across different frequencies to provide broadband internet over telephone lines.
It is prepared for simple presentation. Focused on basic optical fiber communication. And contains some important information about Space Division Multiplexing Technique.
WC & LTE 4G Broadband Module 2- 2019 by Prof.Suresha VSURESHA V
This document discusses multicarrier modulation techniques used in LTE, focusing on OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA. It covers the basics of OFDM including how it divides a high-rate data stream into multiple parallel low-rate substreams to mitigate intersymbol interference. The cyclic prefix is discussed as a guard interval to eliminate intercarrier interference. OFDMA and SC-FDMA are described as incorporating frequency division multiple access into OFDM. The document also reviews spatial diversity and multiplexing techniques used in LTE systems.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a distributed polar transmission system for frequency selective fading channels in a MIMO-OFDM relay communication system. The system uses polar coding at the source and relay nodes to provide higher reliability than conventional decode-and-forward or amplify-and-forward relay schemes. The system divides the polarizing relay channels into a down-polarizing system and an up-polarizing system. Analysis of the bit error rate performance indicates that the polar system can increase symmetric capacity under low-complexity successive interference cancellation decoding by exploiting channel polarization with OFDM symbol combining and splitting over frequency selective fading channels.
A Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Reduction in OFDM SystemsIRJET Journal
This document discusses peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It begins with an introduction to OFDM and the problem of high PAPR values in OFDM signals. It then describes the clipping and filtering method and parabolic peak cancellation method for PAPR reduction. It analyzes these techniques by evaluating complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves and bit error rate (BER) with the goal of minimizing PAPR while maintaining acceptable BER. Power amplifier nonlinearity is also discussed as a key factor affected by high PAPR OFDM signals.
A SEMI BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHOD BASED ON HYBRID NEURAL NETWORKS FOR UP...ijwmn
The paper describes how to improve channel estimation in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) system, using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks (HANN). The 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for uplink Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) uses pilot based
channel estimation technique. This kind of channel estimation method suffers from a considerable loss
ofbitrate due to pilot insertion; all data frame sent contains reference signal. The HANN converts data
aided channel estimator to semi blind channel estimator. To increase convergence speed, HANN uses some
channel propagation Fuzzy Rules to initialize Neural Network parameters before learning instead of a
random initialization, so its learning phase ismore rapidly compared to classic ANN.HANN allows more
bandwidth efficient and less complexity. Simulation results show that HANN has better computational
efficiency than the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator and has faster convergence than
classic Neural Networks estimators.
Implementation and Study of Universal Filtered Multi Carrier under Carrier Fr...Editor IJAIEM
Sathiyapriya N.S
PG Student, Dept. of ECE, Periyar Maniammai University Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
OFDM is a matured technology and applied in various wireless standards. However they are not suitable for Uplink and this
technology is replaced by SC FDMA in 4G standards. Similarly Universal Filtered Multicarrier Communication (UFMC) is
another suitable technology for Multi user Uplink and for applications like cognitive radio. UFMC is a new, non-orthogonal,
waveform designed by Alcatel Lucent Labs which provide a much more efficient way of enabling networks to serve both
broadband users and very narrowband “short data” devices such as any embedded sensor or M2M module. In UFMC the
filtering of waveform is done on a group of subcarriers. In OFDM it is done on the whole subcarriers together. This reduces
the side lobe levels, inters carrier interference (ICI) and requires reduced filter length. Moreover Internet-of-Things where
Machine-Machine communication and applications where very tight response in time requirements are needed, OFDM
miserably fails. We examine impact of carrier frequency offset on the performance of the proposed scheme and compare the
results performance of cyclic prefix based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CP-OFDM) system.-
Key words: ICI,CFO,OFDM,UFMC
This document summarizes some key features of the LTE radio interface that enable unprecedented performance in mobile broadband. It discusses features like spectrum flexibility that allow LTE to operate in different frequency bands and bandwidths with both FDD and TDD duplexing. It also describes multi-antenna transmission techniques in LTE including transmit diversity to improve coverage and capacity, and multi-stream transmission to significantly increase peak data rates through multiple parallel data streams. Scheduling, link adaptation, and hybrid ARQ are explained as ways to efficiently utilize radio resources based on varying channel conditions.
Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-PSKCSCJournals
This document discusses performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM systems using QOSTBC coding for M-PSK modulation. It proposes a QOSTBC code structure for a 4x4 antenna configuration MIMO-OFDM system. It analyzes the performance of the system in AWGN and Rayleigh channels by evaluating BER versus SNR for different M-PSK modulation schemes and antenna configurations. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with 4x4 QOSTBC coding is shown to have better performance than other systems in terms of lower BER for a given SNR.
Pilot Decontamination over Time Frequency and Space Domains in Multi-Cell Ma...IJECEIAES
In this article, we show that Pilot contamination problem can be seen as a source separation problem using time, frequency, and space domains. Our method capitalizes on a nonunitary joint diagonalization of spatial quadratic time-frequency (STFD) signal representation to identify the desired and interfering users. We first compute the noise subspace from the STFD matrices selected appropriately. Secondly, we use the noise subspace obtained to estimate the Elevation (El) and the Azimuth (Az) angles for which the MUSIC cost function is maximized. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the behavior of the proposed approach.
Optical space division multiplexing uses multiple cores or modes in optical fibers to increase transmission capacity. A history of the technology was provided, noting the progression from single mode fibers to coherent detection and polarization multiplexing. Limits with single mode fibers were discussed, along with ways that multi-core and multi-mode fibers can overcome capacity constraints through spatial multiplexing across fiber cores and modes. Recent demonstrations showed record capacities of 57.6 Tb/s over multi-mode fiber and 24 Tb/s over hollow-core fiber. Integration challenges with spatial division multiplexing were also outlined.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
IRJET- BER Reduction of Distributed Spatial Modulation in Cooperative Relay N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing bit error rate (BER) of distributed spatial modulation in cooperative relay networks for cellular systems. The key points are:
1) Distributed spatial modulation (DSM) is proposed to overcome limitations of spatial modulation for mobile terminals by using multiple cooperative relays to form a virtual antenna array.
2) In DSM, source information is broadcast to relays and one relay is selected to forward the information to the destination, reducing transmit power.
3) A DSM-OFDM protocol is proposed where only one relay transmits per OFDM subcarrier while others transmit zero power.
4) Simulation results show the proposed DSM-OFDM scheme achieves
The document discusses different channel assignment strategies for wireless networks, including fixed channel assignment where each cell is predetermined channels and dynamic channel assignment where channels are allocated on request based on factors like channel occupancy. It also describes a partially overlapping channel (FPOC) assignment strategy that aims to increase capacity while minimizing interference through intelligent channel allocation between neighboring nodes.
Blind Channel Shortening for MIMO-OFDM System Using Zero Padding and Eigen De...ijsrd.com
This paper deals with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadband wireless communication systems, employing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In order to exploit the benefits of OFDM in highly frequency-selective channels, without any significant increase in receiver complexity, a channel shortening prefilter is inserted at the receiver. The main aim of inserting channel shorteners is to shorten the channel so that the main energy of the composite channel is concentrated within a duration smaller than the guard interval inserted while transmission. Thus by including channel shortening equalizers at the receiver the inter symbol interference or the inter block interference can be suppressed. The new approach proposed in this thesis is zero padding approach with Eigen decomposition approach. The advantages of the proposed approaches include immunity to delay spread, resistance to frequency selective fading and simple equalization. This shortening design is a blind one, i.e., a priori knowledge of the MIMO channel impulse response to be shortened is not required, and can be carried out in closed-form.
Comparatively analysis of FBG optical fiber in 25 & 35 Gbps DCDM based Commun...IJERD Editor
This document compares the performance of a 25 Gbps and 35 Gbps optical communication system using duty cycle division multiplexing (DCDM) with and without fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical filtering. It describes the DCDM technique which allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously using different duty cycles. The document presents the system design using a 5 user DCDM system and evaluates the performance based on signal-to-noise ratio, Q-factor, and bit error rate. It is observed that using an FBG filter improves the system performance for both the 25 Gbps and 35 Gbps systems.
This document provides a summary of a survey paper on Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) as an efficient technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in uplink communication systems. SC-FDMA was adopted for uplink transmission in Long Term Evolution (LTE) due to its lower PAPR compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA applies a DFT pre-coding to OFDMA signals before transmission, which converts the multi-carrier signal into a single-carrier signal and significantly reduces the PAPR. The document discusses the limitations of OFDM including high PAPR, and various PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM such as clipping,
This document analyzes the capacity of MIMO wireless channels when accounting for impairments from physical transceiver hardware limitations. It is shown that when including the effects of transceiver impairments like non-linearities, phase noise, and quantization noise, the capacity of MIMO channels reaches a finite limit as SNR increases, rather than increasing without bound. This results in a zero multiplexing gain, unlike the ideal case without impairments. However, the relative capacity increase from MIMO over single-antenna channels remains at least as large when including impairments. Various figures are presented showing the capacity and multiplexing gain for different channel models and transceiver configurations. The document concludes by stating the analysis provides insights into understanding
One of the main challenges faced by the developing (3GPP-LTE-Advanced) standard is providing high throughput at the cell edge.
One solution to improve coverage is the use of fixed relays.
This document discusses different multiplexing techniques used to transmit multiple channels over a single communication link, including frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), statistical TDM, asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL), and various digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. It provides examples of how FDM, TDM, and statistical TDM are used in analog carrier systems, digital carrier systems, synchronous optical network (SONET), and cable modem networks. It also describes how ADSL and discrete multitone (DMT) modulate signals across different frequencies to provide broadband internet over telephone lines.
It is prepared for simple presentation. Focused on basic optical fiber communication. And contains some important information about Space Division Multiplexing Technique.
WC & LTE 4G Broadband Module 2- 2019 by Prof.Suresha VSURESHA V
This document discusses multicarrier modulation techniques used in LTE, focusing on OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA. It covers the basics of OFDM including how it divides a high-rate data stream into multiple parallel low-rate substreams to mitigate intersymbol interference. The cyclic prefix is discussed as a guard interval to eliminate intercarrier interference. OFDMA and SC-FDMA are described as incorporating frequency division multiple access into OFDM. The document also reviews spatial diversity and multiplexing techniques used in LTE systems.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a distributed polar transmission system for frequency selective fading channels in a MIMO-OFDM relay communication system. The system uses polar coding at the source and relay nodes to provide higher reliability than conventional decode-and-forward or amplify-and-forward relay schemes. The system divides the polarizing relay channels into a down-polarizing system and an up-polarizing system. Analysis of the bit error rate performance indicates that the polar system can increase symmetric capacity under low-complexity successive interference cancellation decoding by exploiting channel polarization with OFDM symbol combining and splitting over frequency selective fading channels.
A Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Reduction in OFDM SystemsIRJET Journal
This document discusses peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It begins with an introduction to OFDM and the problem of high PAPR values in OFDM signals. It then describes the clipping and filtering method and parabolic peak cancellation method for PAPR reduction. It analyzes these techniques by evaluating complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves and bit error rate (BER) with the goal of minimizing PAPR while maintaining acceptable BER. Power amplifier nonlinearity is also discussed as a key factor affected by high PAPR OFDM signals.
A SEMI BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION METHOD BASED ON HYBRID NEURAL NETWORKS FOR UP...ijwmn
The paper describes how to improve channel estimation in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) system, using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks (HANN). The 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) standards for uplink Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) uses pilot based
channel estimation technique. This kind of channel estimation method suffers from a considerable loss
ofbitrate due to pilot insertion; all data frame sent contains reference signal. The HANN converts data
aided channel estimator to semi blind channel estimator. To increase convergence speed, HANN uses some
channel propagation Fuzzy Rules to initialize Neural Network parameters before learning instead of a
random initialization, so its learning phase ismore rapidly compared to classic ANN.HANN allows more
bandwidth efficient and less complexity. Simulation results show that HANN has better computational
efficiency than the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator and has faster convergence than
classic Neural Networks estimators.
Implementation and Study of Universal Filtered Multi Carrier under Carrier Fr...Editor IJAIEM
Sathiyapriya N.S
PG Student, Dept. of ECE, Periyar Maniammai University Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
OFDM is a matured technology and applied in various wireless standards. However they are not suitable for Uplink and this
technology is replaced by SC FDMA in 4G standards. Similarly Universal Filtered Multicarrier Communication (UFMC) is
another suitable technology for Multi user Uplink and for applications like cognitive radio. UFMC is a new, non-orthogonal,
waveform designed by Alcatel Lucent Labs which provide a much more efficient way of enabling networks to serve both
broadband users and very narrowband “short data” devices such as any embedded sensor or M2M module. In UFMC the
filtering of waveform is done on a group of subcarriers. In OFDM it is done on the whole subcarriers together. This reduces
the side lobe levels, inters carrier interference (ICI) and requires reduced filter length. Moreover Internet-of-Things where
Machine-Machine communication and applications where very tight response in time requirements are needed, OFDM
miserably fails. We examine impact of carrier frequency offset on the performance of the proposed scheme and compare the
results performance of cyclic prefix based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CP-OFDM) system.-
Key words: ICI,CFO,OFDM,UFMC
Performance improvement for papr reduction in lte downlink system with ellipt...IJCNCJournal
This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.
A Review: Significant Research on Time And Frequency Synchronization In MIMO ...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a fast and dependable procedure for timing and frequency synchronization of multiple-input
multiple- output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) could be a outstanding technique for high info rate remote transmission. The
execution of OFDM framework is exceptionally touchy to transporter repeat Offset (CFO) that presents between
bearer electric resistances (ICI). Multi data multi yield frame work used for increasing various qualities increase
and limit of the framework. During this space repeat synchronization in associate OFDM framework is
contemplated and gave past work OFDM framework.
Hardware Implementation of OFDM system to reduce PAPR using Selective Level M...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that implemented an OFDM system on an FPGA to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) using selective level mapping (SLM). It describes the basic OFDM transmitter and receiver blocks. It discusses PAPR as a limitation of OFDM and introduces SLM as a technique to reduce PAPR. The paper outlines the design and implementation of an OFDM system with SLM on an FPGA. Simulation results showed up to 2dB reduction in PAPR using SLM. Hardware results including logic schematics and test benches validated the FPGA implementation of the OFDM transceiver.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified channel shortener filter (MCSF) to improve the spectral efficiency of OFDM systems. The MCSF exploits the null space of an underdetermined system of equations to provide multiple independent equivalent channels to the receiver. It is shown that the MCSF can achieve a higher spectral efficiency than conventional OFDM when the cyclic prefix length is significantly smaller than the channel delay spread. Simulation results demonstrate that the MCSF improves bit error rate performance and can provide up to 2dB gain compared to full cyclic prefix OFDM systems. The MCSF has the potential to reduce receiver complexity compared to existing channel shortening approaches.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM using Active and Non-Active ChannelsIOSR Journals
Abstract : According to the request of advance communication field there should be high data rate in addition to both power efficiency and lower bit error rate. This request of high data rate can be achieved by the multi carrier modulation scheme using the OFDM technique. But the great drawback of the OFDM technique is its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR reduces OFDM signals by driving the analog amplifier to work in the nonlinear region, changing this way the signal and making the amplifier to consume more power. To reduce the PAPR methods exist which adjust or present new signals to battle large signal peaks. The methods which use data carrying channels are called active channel methods and which use redundant channel are called non active channel methods. This work deals with reduction of the PAPR of OFDM signal using both Active and Non Active Channels. Clipping technique has been applied to active channels and Tone reservation has been applied to Non Active Channels. By using both channels we can get considerable reduction in PAPR. Keywords:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Power Amplifier (PA).
ESTIMATION OF SYMBOL TIMING AND CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET USING SYNCHRONIZATI...Michael George
OFDM/OQAM is preferred as multicarrier system which operates over a multipath channel. By using the multipath channel the signal-to-noise ratio. In earlier, sub carriers are used to transmit the signals. Nowadays, FFT and DFT are used for transmitting the signals based upon the bit values. AWGN is a channel used to identify the noise produced at the output by adding the noise in the blind signal. By reducing subcarriers the noise and timing are reduced. FFT bit value was increased which provides better performance. In the multicarrier system, the error and noise was reduced by increasing the bit value.
Comparative Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Using Precoding Tec...IJSRD
In this modern era, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proved to be an explicit promising technique for wired and wireless systems because of its several advantages like high spectral efficiency, robustness against frequency selective fading, relatively simple receiver implementation etc. Besides having a number of advantages OFDM suffers from few disadvantages like high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Intercarrier Interference (ICI), Intersymbol Interference (ISI) etc. These detrimental effects, if not compensated properly and timely, can result in system performance degradation. This paper mainly concentrates on reduction of PAPR.A comparisons have been made between various precoding techniques against conventional OFDM.
Comparative Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Using Precoding Tec...IJSRD
In this modern era, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proved to be an explicit promising technique for wired and wireless systems because of its several advantages like high spectral efficiency, robustness against frequency selective fading, relatively simple receiver implementation etc. Besides having a number of advantages OFDM suffers from few disadvantages like high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Intercarrier Interference (ICI), Intersymbol Interference (ISI) etc. These detrimental effects, if not compensated properly and timely, can result in system performance degradation. This paper mainly concentrates on reduction of PAPR.A comparisons have been made between various precoding techniques against conventional OFDM.
This document reviews the OFDM-IDMA technique and its implementations. It begins with introductions to OFDM and OFDM-IDMA. OFDM-IDMA uses interleaving instead of spreading sequences to distinguish users, avoiding bandwidth expansion without coding gain. The document then summarizes various implementations of OFDM-IDMA using discrete wavelet transform, MIMO systems, and implementations on FPGA. It also discusses implementations using finite Radon transform and discrete wavelet transform. Finally, it proposes future work on implementing OFDM-IDMA using Radon transform and performing comparative analysis of wavelet, FFT, and Radon-based OFDM-IDMA systems over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels.
This document summarizes a study that compares different methods for estimating the power delay profile (PDP) in MIMO-OFDM systems. It proposes a new method for PDP estimation that aims to mitigate noise and improve accuracy with limited sample sizes. The key steps of the proposed method are: 1) estimating the channel impulse response from pilot subcarriers, 2) deriving samples from the estimated channel response to estimate the PDP, 3) mitigating residual noise in the estimate by detecting and averaging noise at zero taps, and 4) using the estimated PDP in an LMMSE channel estimator. Simulation results show that the proposed method approaches the performance of Wiener filtering and provides better SNR than using a constant PDP estimate
This document presents a comparative study of three peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM): selective mapping, clipping, and tone reservation. It provides background on OFDM and PAPR, and then describes each technique. Simulation results from MATLAB are presented comparing the PAPR performance of selective mapping and the bit error rate performance of clipping and filtering as a PAPR reduction method. The paper aims to evaluate these different PAPR reduction techniques and determine which provides improved OFDM signal performance.
HYBRID LS-LMMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION Technique for LTE Downlink Systemsijngnjournal
- The document proposes a hybrid LS-LMMSE channel estimation technique for LTE downlink systems that is robust to the effect of channel length.
- The technique chooses between LS and LMMSE estimation depending on whether the cyclic prefix is longer than or shorter than the channel length, and on the SNR value.
- When the cyclic prefix is longer than the channel length, LMMSE is used directly. When it is shorter, LMMSE is used for low SNR and LS is used for high SNR.
- Simulation results show the hybrid technique performs better than LMMSE alone, especially at high SNR values when the cyclic prefix is shorter than the channel length.
Impact of carrier frequency offset and in-phase and quadrature imbalance on t...IJECEIAES
Precoding in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system proved to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), so that it improves BER. However, from the existing literature, the effect of carrier frequency offset (CFO), in-phase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance on precoded wireless OFDM systems has not been carried out. Therefore, this study evaluated the precoded OFDM (P-OFDM) system performance by considering the impact of CFO and IQ imbalance. P-OFDM performance evaluation is expressed in signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) and bit error rates (BER). The communication channels used are the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the frequency-selective Rayleigh fading (FSRF) channel, while the channel equalization process is considered perfect. The results of the analysis and simulation show that P-OFDM is greater affected by the presence of CFO and IQ imbalance than conventional OFDM system. In AWGN channel, P-OFDM experiences different SINR for each subcarrier. This is different from conventional OFDM system, where all SINRs are the same for all subcarriers. In the FSRF channel, both the POFDM system and the OFDM system experience different SINR for each subcarrier, where the SINRs fluctuation in the P-OFDM system is much larger than in the OFDM system.
A review paper on the papr analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiple...ijmnct
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been raised a new modulation technique. Due
to its advantages in multipath fading channel e.g. robust against ISI, ICI and some other advantages like
best QoS for multiple users, efficient usage of bandwidth it is suggested to be the modulation technique for
next generation 4G networks e.g. LTE. But along with all its advantages there are some disadvantages also
e.g. High PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) at the transmitter end and BER (Bit Error Rate) at the
receiving end. Since OFDM is only used in the downlink of 4G networks. To reduce the problems of OFDM
some techniques e.g. SLM, PTS, Clipping, Coding, & Pre-coding etc are suggested but none of them is
reduce the PAPR and BER to an acceptable value. This Paper will discuss some techniques of PAPR &
BER reduction, and their advantages and disadvantages in detail.
AN OVERVIEW OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM SIGNALSijmnct
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely adopted for high data rate wireless
communication systems due to its advantages such as extraordinary spectral efficiency, robustness to
channel fading and better QoS (Quality of Service) performance for multiple users. However, some
challenging issues are still unresolved in OFDM systems. One of the issues is the high PAPR (peak-toaverage
power ratio), which results in nonlinearity in power amplifiers, and causes out of band radiation
and in band distortion. This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques and their
modifications to achieve better PAPR performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are
discussed in detail. And comparisons between different techniques are also presented. Finally, this paper
makes a prospect forecast about the direction for further researches in the area of PAPR reduction for
OFDM signals
Semelhante a Effect of Transmission Parameters on PAPR of Universal Filter Multicarrier Modulation Systems_Crimson Publishers (20)
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Universal filter multi carrier (UFMC) is one of the promising multi carrier modulation techniques for next generation wireless communication systems. UFMC seems to be most attractive because it provides better sub carrier separation like FBMC (Filer Bank Multi Carrier) and less complexity like OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). But this technique suffers from limitation of higher Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper a Hybrid PAPR reduction technique SC- UFMC have been proposed using SLM (Selective Mapping) and Clipping. The performance of proposed technique is evaluated for various design parameters including filter length, FFT size and Bits per sub carrier. The simulation results show that hybrid technique provides better PAPR reduction as compared with conventional SLM and clipping techniques.
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Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
2. How to cite this article: Pooja Rani, Silki Baghla, Himanshu Monga. Effect of Transmission Parameters on PAPR of Universal Filter Multicarrier Modulation
Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 3(1). RDMS.000554. 2018. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2018.03.000554
223
Res Dev Material SciResearch & Development in Material Science
and then a pulse shaping filter with smooth edges is used on each
resource block in time domain that leads to substantial reduction in
out-of-band leakage in frequency domain. In this way, it minimizes
the harmful interference from adjacent sub channels of the
neighboring resource block [8].
Figure 1: UFMC system model.
As shown in Figure 1, the generated output can be given as:
1
RBN
i
p p k
p
x F V X
=
= ∑ (1)
Vp
, being of dimension
RR
SC SCN N× includes the relevant
columns of the inverse Fourier matrix according to the respective
sub-band position within the overall available frequency range, Fp
is a Toeplitz matrix with dimension ( 1)SC FilterN N N+ − × , composed
of the filter impulse response, enabling the convolution. The
signal can be rewritten without the summation by the following
definitions:
1 2 3[ , , ,....... ]RBNF F F F F= (2)
1 2 3( , , ,..... )RBp NV diag V V V V= (3)
,1 ,2 ,3 ,[ , , ,...... ]
T T T T
RB
i i i i i T
k k k k k NX X X X X= (4)
i
p kx FV X= (5)
The block-wise filtering provides flexibility to the system and
may be used to avoid the main FBMC drawbacks. UFMC supports
short bursts data transmission, as well as operation in fragmented
bands. The filter provides protection against inter-symbol
interference (ISI), as well as robustness for supporting multiple
access users which are not perfectly time-aligned. Due to the
possibility to reduce guard bands, and to avoid using a CP, UFMC
is spectrally more efficient than CP-OFDM. The receiver processing
can still be similar to CP-OFDM, single-tap per-subcarrier frequency
domain equalizers can be used which equalize the joint impact of
the radio channel and the respective sub band-filter [9]. This leads
to similar complexity order as CP-OFDM. So, it is thereby clear that
UFMC provides advantages of both OFDM and FBMC system [10].
Peak to Average Power Ratio
The PAPR is the relation between the maximum power of a
sample in a given transmit symbol divided by the average power
of that symbol. PAPR occurs when in a multicarrier system the
different sub-carriers are out of phase with each other [11]. At each
instant they are different with respect to each other at different
phase values. When all the points achieve the maximum value
simultaneously, this will cause the output envelope to suddenly
increase which causes a ‘peak’ in the output. There are a large
number of independently modulated subcarriers in multicarrier
system, and when they are added up coherently for transmission
purpose give a large peak value which is very large as compared to
average value of the sample. The ratio of the peak to average power
value is termed as Peak-to-Average Power Ratio and it can be given
as:
PAPR =
2
2
max{ [ ] }
{ [ ] }
x n
E x n
(6)
Where, is the amplitude of x[n] and E denote the expectation
of the signal.
PAPR in dB can be written as:
PAPR (dB) = 10log10
(PAPR) (7)
This higher PAPR causes saturation in power amplifier which
produces inter modulation products among sub bands and also
increases out of band radiation [12].
Different Factors Effecting PAPR in UFMC
There are various parameters which can effect UFMC signal
generation [13]. In this section we have given a brief of all these
design parameters, which we should take in account while
designing an UFMC system model.
Filter characteristics
For the choice of the filter characteristics many alternatives are
available. In this experimental work we have used Dolph-chebyshev
filter and evaluated effect of different filter lengths on PAPR of
UFMC. For a given type of sub band filter, the filter length is a key
parameter affecting the system performance in different ways. A
longer filter not only leads to lower out of band emission, but also
results in better frequency localization, and makes the system more
robust to synchronization errors and multipath fading channels.
However, a longer filter also causes several drawbacks including
more frequency selective filter response along subcarriers within
one sub band and larger overhead, reducing transmission efficiency
in the time domain [14].
3. How to cite this article: Pooja Rani, Silki Baghla, Himanshu Monga. Effect of Transmission Parameters on PAPR of Universal Filter Multicarrier Modulation
Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 3(1). RDMS.000554. 2018. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2018.03.000554
Research & Development in Material Science
224
Res Dev Material Sci
Modulation type and its orders
There are various modulation schemes which can be use
for UFMC system model such as BPSK, QAM, and QPSK. For this
evaluation we have used QAM modulation and studied effect of
different modulation orders such as 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM and
256QAM. Modulation order of the system plays an important role
on system performance and its PAPR value also get affected by this
[15,16].
FFT size
The third factor taken in account is FFT size of the transmitter.
We have evaluated PAPR of UFMC by varying FFT size. For example:
256-point FFT, 512-point FFT, 1024-point FFT and 2048-point FFT
[16].
Number of sub bands
The sub band size is also having a great impact on signal
generation of UFMC model. Number of sub bands, FFT size,
modulation order and filter length are those key factors which
can change signal generation in a large way. In this paper we are
evaluating impact of these factors on system performance.
Simulation Setup
In this section we have evaluated that how different design
factors of UFMC model affects its PAPR value. Different design
parameters for simulation setup are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Simulation parameters for considered UFMC
system.
Parameter Value
Filter Characteristics
Dolph-chebyshev filter with filter
length- 43, 63, 83
Modulation Order QAM- 4,64,256
FFT Size FFT point- 256, 512, 1024, 2048
Number of sub bands 20, 30, 40
Table 2: PAPR values with different filter length.
Number of
Sub Bands
Filter
Length
Modulation
Order
FFT Size PAPR
20 43 256 512 22.9060
20 63 256 512 21.8020
20 83 256 512 20.2872
Table 2 gives different values of filter length and the
corresponding values of PAPR are also given. Figure 2 is showing
the effect of different filter length on PAPR of system, here we are
using Dolph-chebyshev filter for realization of the system. It is clear
from table and figure that as we increase the filter length it reduces
the PAPR and vice-versa.
Figure 2: Effect of filter length on PAPR of UFMC.
We can say that a higher filter length can achieve a better PAPR
performance but it also makes the filter more frequency selective
which in turn reduces it bandwidth. Table 3 is showing different
values of PAPR with change in modulation order of the system and
corresponding values are shown graphically in Figure 3. From this
it is clear that UFMC is having minimum value of PAPR at moderate
modulation order and peak to average power ratio is higher at
both low and high modulation orders, it keeps on increasing as the
modulation order is increased. The next factor of our observation is
that how FFT size of the transmitter affects the PAPR of the system.
Table 4 is showing values of PAPR corresponding to the FFT size of
the transmitter and Graphical representation is given in Figure 4.
Table 3: PAPR values with different modulation orders.
Number of
Sub Bands
Filter
Length
Modulation
Order
FFT size PAPR
20 43 4 512 21.7315
20 43 64 512 20.7673
20 43 256 512 22.9060
Table 4: PAPR values with different FFT size.
Number of
Sub Bands
Filter
Length
FFT Size
Modulation
Order
PAPR
20 83 256 256 17.8552
20 83 512 256 20.2872
20 83 1024 256 21.8360
20 83 2048 256 20.2337
4. How to cite this article: Pooja Rani, Silki Baghla, Himanshu Monga. Effect of Transmission Parameters on PAPR of Universal Filter Multicarrier Modulation
Systems. Res Dev Material Sci. 3(1). RDMS.000554. 2018. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2018.03.000554
225
Res Dev Material SciResearch & Development in Material Science
Figure 3: Effect of modulation order on PAPR of UFMC.
Figure 4: Effect of FFT Size on PAPR of UFMC.
From this Figure 5 & Table 5 it is clear that a moderate value of
FFT produces a higher value of PAPR and higher as well as lower
values of FFT Size are resulting in lower PAPR value. The last factor
which is included in this evaluation is number of sub bands used
in system design. Following table and graph shows the effect of
number of sub bands on PAPR of UFMC. From this, it is clear that
by using large number of sub bands we can reduce PAPR to a great
extent.
Figure 5: Effect of Number of Sub bands on PAPR of UFMC.
Conclusion
In this paper we have studied that how different design factors
of an UFMC model can affect its performance because a higher PAPR
value put a great impact on system performance and degrades it.
So, depending on these experimental outcomes we can design such
an UFMC model which give lower value of PAPR. This evaluation
also shows that although UFMC modulation is having advantages of
both FBMC and OFDM but it is having limitation of higher peak to
averagepowerratiolikeothertwomodulationschemes.So,infuture
we can focus on some PAPR reduction techniques to overcome this
shortcoming of the UFMC modulation to make it more reliable and
efficient for next generation wireless communication.
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