Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
This document discusses smart card applications in telemedicine. It proposes storing encrypted medical information like patient records, images, and test results on smart cards. This would allow portable storage and retrieval of data on any computer. The technology for this has been developed indigenously and could have applications beyond healthcare like secure e-commerce. It reviews an existing medical data compression and transmission protocol called ANAHITA. Smart cards provide secure authentication, user identification, and transaction records. Medical data from various sources can be compressed and stored on smart cards for easy sharing while maintaining security.
Abstract: Wearable sensors that measure limb movements posture, and physiological conditions can yield high resolution quantitative data .It can be used to better understand the disease and develop more effective treatments. In existing, classification algorithm is used to extract the feature from sensor, so these feature selection may lead to rapid battery depletion due to the absence of computing complexity. The notion of power aware feature selection is proposed which aims at minimizing energy consumption also it considers the energy cost of individual features that are calculated in real time. A graph model is introduced to represent correlation and computing complexity of the features. The problem is formulated using integer programming and a greedy approximation is presented to select the features in a power efficient manner. Experimental results on thirty channels of activity data collected from real subjects demonstrate that an approach can significantly reduce energy consumption of the computing module, resulting in more than 30 percent energy savings while achieving 96.7 percent classification accuracy.
Io t and cloud based computational framework, evolutionary approach in health...owatheowais
The new Internet of Things paradigm allows for small devices with sensing, processing and communication capabilities to be designed, which enable the development of sensors, embedded devices and other ‘things’ ready to understand the environment. In this paper, a distributed framework based on the internet of things paradigm is proposed for monitoring human biomedical signals in activities involving physical exertion. The main advantages and novelties of the proposed system is the flexibility in computing the health application by using resources from available devices inside the body area network of the user. This proposed framework can be applied to other mobile environments, especially those where intensive data acquisition and high processing needs take place. Finally, we present a case study in order to validate our proposal that consists in monitoring footballers’ heart rates during a football match. The real-time data acquired by these devices presents a clear social objective of being able to predict not only situations of sudden death but also possible injuries.
Design of Interface Board for Medical Kiosk Based on Off-The-Shelf PlatformIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an interface board for a medical kiosk that integrates different commercial off-the-shelf medical modules. The interface board combines measurement results from modules that measure vital signs like blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, blood glucose, temperature, etc. and transfers the data via a kiosk application to cloud software. The interface board hardware design integrates modules using an ARM microcontroller. The firmware collects data from each module via drivers and sends it to a PC application through a graphical user interface. The design was tested by measuring various health parameters of a subject to validate the integrated system.
Iaetsd io t based advanced smart health care systemIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes an IoT-based smart health care system called the Smart Hospital System (SHS). The SHS uses technologies like RFID, wireless sensor networks, and smart mobile devices to automatically monitor patients, medical staff, and devices in hospitals. It collects environmental and physiological data in real-time using a hybrid sensing network. The data is sent to a control center where it can be accessed locally and remotely through a web interface. A prototype was implemented that demonstrated tracking patients and responding to emergencies like falls. The system aims to improve healthcare efficiency while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new e-healthcare information system based on an Android application. The paper discusses limitations of existing systems including errors, lack of access to patient information, and delays. It proposes a new system using Android mobile devices, wearable sensors to monitor biometrics, machine-to-machine communication, and a service-oriented architecture. This would allow real-time sharing of patient data between doctors and patients regardless of location. It also discusses using evolutionary computing algorithms and multi-agent frameworks to optimize medical data quality and analysis in distributed environments. The proposed system aims to improve diagnosis, treatment decisions and access to healthcare.
A WIRELESS DEVICE TO MODULAR ROBOTIZED INSTRUMENT FOR HEALTH INFORMATIONCSEIJJournal
This article is referred to an innovative wireless device for ECG patient monitoring during minimally
invasive surgery. Our aim is to create new type of laparoscopy instruments to improve healthcare. The
work presents a wireless device for ECG (DECG) as part of a robotic modular laparoscopic instrument
(RMLI). Thus, the device allows ECG analysis and monitoring of the patient to be carried out complexly in
combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic (RMLI) mode of operation activities. The proposed
device provides detection and rapid warning of abnormal heart rate during surgery. Innovative uMAC
wireless network stack is designed for module-control block communication. Control computer
program processes and monitors (remotely or directly) received information from wireless device that is
connected to patient. The software of the device is developed in Tcl/Tk scripting language for operation
under Windows. A shared reality upgrade for Android has also been developed for it. The novelty of the
solution is related to the construction and connection of the ECG with the used RMLI robotic module. In
the future the designed instrument will can work autonomous. The team has worked in the field of
minimally invasive and laparoscopic surgery roboticized instrumentation and the presented development is
a continuation of this work.
This document discusses smart card applications in telemedicine. It proposes storing encrypted medical information like patient records, images, and test results on smart cards. This would allow portable storage and retrieval of data on any computer. The technology for this has been developed indigenously and could have applications beyond healthcare like secure e-commerce. It reviews an existing medical data compression and transmission protocol called ANAHITA. Smart cards provide secure authentication, user identification, and transaction records. Medical data from various sources can be compressed and stored on smart cards for easy sharing while maintaining security.
Abstract: Wearable sensors that measure limb movements posture, and physiological conditions can yield high resolution quantitative data .It can be used to better understand the disease and develop more effective treatments. In existing, classification algorithm is used to extract the feature from sensor, so these feature selection may lead to rapid battery depletion due to the absence of computing complexity. The notion of power aware feature selection is proposed which aims at minimizing energy consumption also it considers the energy cost of individual features that are calculated in real time. A graph model is introduced to represent correlation and computing complexity of the features. The problem is formulated using integer programming and a greedy approximation is presented to select the features in a power efficient manner. Experimental results on thirty channels of activity data collected from real subjects demonstrate that an approach can significantly reduce energy consumption of the computing module, resulting in more than 30 percent energy savings while achieving 96.7 percent classification accuracy.
Io t and cloud based computational framework, evolutionary approach in health...owatheowais
The new Internet of Things paradigm allows for small devices with sensing, processing and communication capabilities to be designed, which enable the development of sensors, embedded devices and other ‘things’ ready to understand the environment. In this paper, a distributed framework based on the internet of things paradigm is proposed for monitoring human biomedical signals in activities involving physical exertion. The main advantages and novelties of the proposed system is the flexibility in computing the health application by using resources from available devices inside the body area network of the user. This proposed framework can be applied to other mobile environments, especially those where intensive data acquisition and high processing needs take place. Finally, we present a case study in order to validate our proposal that consists in monitoring footballers’ heart rates during a football match. The real-time data acquired by these devices presents a clear social objective of being able to predict not only situations of sudden death but also possible injuries.
Design of Interface Board for Medical Kiosk Based on Off-The-Shelf PlatformIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an interface board for a medical kiosk that integrates different commercial off-the-shelf medical modules. The interface board combines measurement results from modules that measure vital signs like blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, blood glucose, temperature, etc. and transfers the data via a kiosk application to cloud software. The interface board hardware design integrates modules using an ARM microcontroller. The firmware collects data from each module via drivers and sends it to a PC application through a graphical user interface. The design was tested by measuring various health parameters of a subject to validate the integrated system.
Iaetsd io t based advanced smart health care systemIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes an IoT-based smart health care system called the Smart Hospital System (SHS). The SHS uses technologies like RFID, wireless sensor networks, and smart mobile devices to automatically monitor patients, medical staff, and devices in hospitals. It collects environmental and physiological data in real-time using a hybrid sensing network. The data is sent to a control center where it can be accessed locally and remotely through a web interface. A prototype was implemented that demonstrated tracking patients and responding to emergencies like falls. The system aims to improve healthcare efficiency while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new e-healthcare information system based on an Android application. The paper discusses limitations of existing systems including errors, lack of access to patient information, and delays. It proposes a new system using Android mobile devices, wearable sensors to monitor biometrics, machine-to-machine communication, and a service-oriented architecture. This would allow real-time sharing of patient data between doctors and patients regardless of location. It also discusses using evolutionary computing algorithms and multi-agent frameworks to optimize medical data quality and analysis in distributed environments. The proposed system aims to improve diagnosis, treatment decisions and access to healthcare.
A WIRELESS DEVICE TO MODULAR ROBOTIZED INSTRUMENT FOR HEALTH INFORMATIONCSEIJJournal
This article is referred to an innovative wireless device for ECG patient monitoring during minimally
invasive surgery. Our aim is to create new type of laparoscopy instruments to improve healthcare. The
work presents a wireless device for ECG (DECG) as part of a robotic modular laparoscopic instrument
(RMLI). Thus, the device allows ECG analysis and monitoring of the patient to be carried out complexly in
combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic (RMLI) mode of operation activities. The proposed
device provides detection and rapid warning of abnormal heart rate during surgery. Innovative uMAC
wireless network stack is designed for module-control block communication. Control computer
program processes and monitors (remotely or directly) received information from wireless device that is
connected to patient. The software of the device is developed in Tcl/Tk scripting language for operation
under Windows. A shared reality upgrade for Android has also been developed for it. The novelty of the
solution is related to the construction and connection of the ECG with the used RMLI robotic module. In
the future the designed instrument will can work autonomous. The team has worked in the field of
minimally invasive and laparoscopic surgery roboticized instrumentation and the presented development is
a continuation of this work.
A Wireless Device to Modular Robotized Instrument for Health InformationCSEIJJournal
This article is referred to an innovative wireless device for ECG patient monitoring during minimally
invasive surgery. Our aim is to create new type of laparoscopy instruments to improve healthcare. The
work presents a wireless device for ECG (DECG) as part of a robotic modular laparoscopic instrument
(RMLI). Thus, the device allows ECG analysis and monitoring of the patient to be carried out complexly in
combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic (RMLI) mode of operation activities. The proposed
device provides detection and rapid warning of abnormal heart rate during surgery. Innovative uMAC
wireless network stack is designed for module-control block communication.
This document describes an IoT-based patient monitoring system that collects a patient's vital signs like heartbeat, temperature, ECG, oxygen level, and other data using sensors. The data is sent to a cloud platform called ThingSpeak and can be accessed through a mobile application. This allows medical staff to remotely monitor patients in real-time. Key benefits of the system include reduced errors, decreased costs by reducing visits, better patient experience through continuous monitoring, and ability to provide quick treatment if abnormalities are detected. The system uses a NodeMCU microcontroller along with sensors like a pulse oximeter, temperature sensor, and ECG sensor to collect and transmit the health data.
ealth Monitoring System in Emergency Using IoT: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews remote health monitoring systems using IoT technology. It discusses how sensors can detect patient vitals, data can be sent to cloud storage, and data can be remotely viewed by doctors. This allows doctors to monitor patient health even when not in the hospital. The document outlines the components of such a system, including sensors to detect vitals, transmission of data to the cloud, and an interface to view the data remotely. It also reviews several existing studies on IoT-based health monitoring systems and their findings. In general, these systems allow for continuous remote patient monitoring, early disease detection, and reduced healthcare costs compared to traditional hospital-based monitoring.
This document describes a heart rate monitoring system using IoT. The system uses a Node MCU microcontroller connected to a heart rate sensor to monitor a patient's heartbeats. The heart rate data is transmitted wirelessly via an ESP8266 WiFi module and displayed on an LCD screen. The data is also sent to a cloud server using Blynk IoT software. Doctors can access the patient's heart rate data in real-time on their smartphone to continuously monitor the patient's health status. The system aims to enable remote patient health monitoring in a low-cost and convenient manner compared to traditional hospital visits.
Implementation Of Real Time IoT Based Health monitoring systemkchakrireddy
The main aim of this project is to interconnect the available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare service to elderly people. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of the paradigms that can use the IOT advantages to improve the elderly lifestyle in this project we present an IOT architecture customized for healthcare applications. The proposed architecture collects the data and relays it to the cloud where it is processed and analyzed. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the user.
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
Implementation of IOT based Student Healthcare Monitoring and Automation Boot...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based student healthcare monitoring and testing system. The system would use sensors and medical equipment connected to students to monitor their health and detect potential illnesses. If issues are found, test results and health data would be sent via SMS to designated caregivers. The system aims to automate contactless testing booths using a Raspberry Pi, RFID technology, cloud computing and big data preprocessing. This would allow health monitoring and testing to be done remotely and efficiently, helping address issues like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wireless Sensor Network: an emerging entrant in HealthcareIOSR Journals
This document discusses the potential for wireless sensor networks in healthcare applications. It describes how wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor patients remotely by collecting physiological data from sensor devices. Some challenges to the adoption of this technology in healthcare include ensuring privacy and security of medical data transmitted over wireless networks. The document also provides examples of how wireless body area networks and wearable sensor devices can help monitor aspects of health and enable at-home health monitoring.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Health Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and implementation of a health monitoring system. The system uses sensors like pulse, ECG and temperature sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor a patient's health status. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a cloud-based ThingSpeak server for storage and real-time monitoring via a mobile application. The system allows doctors to remotely monitor patients' health parameters like temperature, pulse and ECG from anywhere without needing to visit in-person.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as an electronic and/or electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function. The document outlines the major components of an embedded system and compares embedded systems to general purpose computing systems. It also discusses the history of embedded systems, common applications, and purposes of embedded systems such as data collection, processing, communication, monitoring and control. Examples provided include traffic lights, hearing aids, Bluetooth devices, and intruder alarms.
Security Requirements, Counterattacks and Projects in Healthcare Applications...arpublication
Healthcare applications are well thought-out as interesting fields for WSN where patients can be examine using wireless medical sensor networks. Inside the hospital or extensive care surroundings there is a tempting need for steady monitoring of essential body functions and support for patient mobility. Recent research cantered on patient reliable communication, mobility, and energy-efficient routing. Yet deploying new expertise in healthcare applications presents some understandable security concerns which are the important concern in the inclusive deployment of wireless patient monitoring systems. This manuscript presents a survey of the security features, its counter attacks in healthcare applications including some proposed projects which have been done recently.
The aim of this project is to inform the doctor about the ICU patient condition through wireless. For the
medical professionals it becomes important to continuously monitor the conditions of a patient. In a large
setup like a hospital or clinical center where a single doctor attends many patients, it becomes difficult to
keep informed about the critical conditions developed in each of the patients. This project provides a device
which will continuously monitor the vital parameters to be monitored for a patient and do data logging
continuously. If any critical situation arises in a patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also
communicates to the concerned doctor by means of an SMS to the doctor.
A Healthcare Monitoring System Using Wifi ModuleIRJET Journal
This document presents a healthcare monitoring system using WiFi modules. The system uses sensors like a temperature sensor and heart rate sensor connected to an Arduino microcontroller to monitor patients' vital signs. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a monitoring center using a WiFi module. Doctors can access the continuously recorded medical data to diagnose patients remotely. The system aims to provide constant monitoring without confining patients to beds and reduce human errors in manual data logging. It allows for broader use among patients, medical professionals and in rural areas with limited access to healthcare.
IRJET- A Survey on-Security for using Pervasive Healthcare Monitoring Sys...IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues in using mobile cloud computing for pervasive healthcare monitoring systems. It first introduces how mobile devices and cloud computing are being used to remotely monitor patient health metrics. However, transmitting sensitive patient data over networks poses security and privacy risks. The document then examines different approaches for securing such systems, including using encryption keys for authentication and communication protection between wireless sensor nodes, hospitals, and mobile apps. It also discusses challenges in securing data and devices across the various tiers of healthcare cloud and mobile computing architectures. Overall, the document analyzes how security can be improved for remote mobile healthcare monitoring systems that leverage cloud-based approaches.
An intelligent patient tele monitoring system using android technologyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Healthcare to people anytime and anywhere in the world in a more economic and patient friendly manner. Therefore for increasing the patient care efficiency, there arises a need to improve the patient monitoring devices and make them more mobile. The medical world today faces two basic problems when it comes to patient monitoring. Firstly, the needs of health care’s provider’s presence near the bedside of the patient and secondly, the patient is restricted to bed and wired to large machines. In order to achieve better quality patient care, the above cited problems have to be solved.As telecommunications technologies are advancing, it has become feasible to design more portal vital sign patient tele monitoring systems to acquire, record, display and to transmit the physiological signal from the patient to any place.In this project real time transmission of patient self -tested blood pressure data to doctor is achieved.This system is very convenient to use for doctors and patient. The modern visionary of healthcare industry is to provide better
Keywords: GSM, Android
This document describes the design of a community family health care monitoring system in Wolkite, Ethiopia using wireless and information communication technologies. The system allows elderly residents to monitor their health at home by transmitting data like temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate from sensors to a community medical center. The system architecture has a patient section where sensors collect health data and transmit it via Zigbee technology to a control room section where the data is stored and can be sent via GSM to medical staff if needed. The system aims to improve efficiency of healthcare for an aging population while reducing costs compared to on-site medical exams.
Qadri et Al., en su trabajo “The Future of Healthcare Internet of Things (H-IoT): A Survey of Emerging Technologies” propone como uno de los desafíos del H-IoT:
Monitoreo de Desórdenes neurológicos
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
Fitness Tracking
Uso de técnicas de Big Data
Uso de Edge Computing
Internet of Nano-Things
A review of security protocols in m health wireless body area networks (wban)...James Kang
Kang, J. J., & Adibi, S. (2015). A Review of Security Protocols in mHealth Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). In W. Zhou, & R. Doss (Eds.), Future Network Systems and Security 2015 (FNSS 2015) Vol. 523 (pp. 61-83). Paris, France: Springer International Publishing. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19210-9_5
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITORijesajournal
Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
PIP-MPU: FORMAL VERIFICATION OF AN MPUBASED SEPARATION KERNEL FOR CONSTRAINED...ijesajournal
Pip-MPU is a minimalist separation kernel for constrained devices (scarce memory and power resources).
In this work, we demonstrate high-assurance of Pip-MPU’s isolation property through formal verification.
Pip-MPU offers user-defined on-demand multiple isolation levels guarded by the Memory Protection Unit
(MPU). Pip-MPU derives from the Pip protokernel, with a full code refactoring to adapt to the constrained
environment and targets equivalent security properties. The proofs verify that the memory blocks loaded in
the MPU adhere to the global partition tree model. We provide the basis of the MPU formalisation and the
demonstration of the formal verification strategy on two representative kernel services. The publicly
released proofs have been implemented and checked using the Coq Proof Assistant for three kernel
services, representing around 10000 lines of proof. To our knowledge, this is the first formal verification of
an MPU based separation kernel. The verification process helped discover a critical isolation-related bug.
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Semelhante a DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITOR
A Wireless Device to Modular Robotized Instrument for Health InformationCSEIJJournal
This article is referred to an innovative wireless device for ECG patient monitoring during minimally
invasive surgery. Our aim is to create new type of laparoscopy instruments to improve healthcare. The
work presents a wireless device for ECG (DECG) as part of a robotic modular laparoscopic instrument
(RMLI). Thus, the device allows ECG analysis and monitoring of the patient to be carried out complexly in
combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic (RMLI) mode of operation activities. The proposed
device provides detection and rapid warning of abnormal heart rate during surgery. Innovative uMAC
wireless network stack is designed for module-control block communication.
This document describes an IoT-based patient monitoring system that collects a patient's vital signs like heartbeat, temperature, ECG, oxygen level, and other data using sensors. The data is sent to a cloud platform called ThingSpeak and can be accessed through a mobile application. This allows medical staff to remotely monitor patients in real-time. Key benefits of the system include reduced errors, decreased costs by reducing visits, better patient experience through continuous monitoring, and ability to provide quick treatment if abnormalities are detected. The system uses a NodeMCU microcontroller along with sensors like a pulse oximeter, temperature sensor, and ECG sensor to collect and transmit the health data.
ealth Monitoring System in Emergency Using IoT: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews remote health monitoring systems using IoT technology. It discusses how sensors can detect patient vitals, data can be sent to cloud storage, and data can be remotely viewed by doctors. This allows doctors to monitor patient health even when not in the hospital. The document outlines the components of such a system, including sensors to detect vitals, transmission of data to the cloud, and an interface to view the data remotely. It also reviews several existing studies on IoT-based health monitoring systems and their findings. In general, these systems allow for continuous remote patient monitoring, early disease detection, and reduced healthcare costs compared to traditional hospital-based monitoring.
This document describes a heart rate monitoring system using IoT. The system uses a Node MCU microcontroller connected to a heart rate sensor to monitor a patient's heartbeats. The heart rate data is transmitted wirelessly via an ESP8266 WiFi module and displayed on an LCD screen. The data is also sent to a cloud server using Blynk IoT software. Doctors can access the patient's heart rate data in real-time on their smartphone to continuously monitor the patient's health status. The system aims to enable remote patient health monitoring in a low-cost and convenient manner compared to traditional hospital visits.
Implementation Of Real Time IoT Based Health monitoring systemkchakrireddy
The main aim of this project is to interconnect the available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare service to elderly people. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of the paradigms that can use the IOT advantages to improve the elderly lifestyle in this project we present an IOT architecture customized for healthcare applications. The proposed architecture collects the data and relays it to the cloud where it is processed and analyzed. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the user.
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
Implementation of IOT based Student Healthcare Monitoring and Automation Boot...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based student healthcare monitoring and testing system. The system would use sensors and medical equipment connected to students to monitor their health and detect potential illnesses. If issues are found, test results and health data would be sent via SMS to designated caregivers. The system aims to automate contactless testing booths using a Raspberry Pi, RFID technology, cloud computing and big data preprocessing. This would allow health monitoring and testing to be done remotely and efficiently, helping address issues like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wireless Sensor Network: an emerging entrant in HealthcareIOSR Journals
This document discusses the potential for wireless sensor networks in healthcare applications. It describes how wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor patients remotely by collecting physiological data from sensor devices. Some challenges to the adoption of this technology in healthcare include ensuring privacy and security of medical data transmitted over wireless networks. The document also provides examples of how wireless body area networks and wearable sensor devices can help monitor aspects of health and enable at-home health monitoring.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Health Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and implementation of a health monitoring system. The system uses sensors like pulse, ECG and temperature sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor a patient's health status. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a cloud-based ThingSpeak server for storage and real-time monitoring via a mobile application. The system allows doctors to remotely monitor patients' health parameters like temperature, pulse and ECG from anywhere without needing to visit in-person.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as an electronic and/or electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function. The document outlines the major components of an embedded system and compares embedded systems to general purpose computing systems. It also discusses the history of embedded systems, common applications, and purposes of embedded systems such as data collection, processing, communication, monitoring and control. Examples provided include traffic lights, hearing aids, Bluetooth devices, and intruder alarms.
Security Requirements, Counterattacks and Projects in Healthcare Applications...arpublication
Healthcare applications are well thought-out as interesting fields for WSN where patients can be examine using wireless medical sensor networks. Inside the hospital or extensive care surroundings there is a tempting need for steady monitoring of essential body functions and support for patient mobility. Recent research cantered on patient reliable communication, mobility, and energy-efficient routing. Yet deploying new expertise in healthcare applications presents some understandable security concerns which are the important concern in the inclusive deployment of wireless patient monitoring systems. This manuscript presents a survey of the security features, its counter attacks in healthcare applications including some proposed projects which have been done recently.
The aim of this project is to inform the doctor about the ICU patient condition through wireless. For the
medical professionals it becomes important to continuously monitor the conditions of a patient. In a large
setup like a hospital or clinical center where a single doctor attends many patients, it becomes difficult to
keep informed about the critical conditions developed in each of the patients. This project provides a device
which will continuously monitor the vital parameters to be monitored for a patient and do data logging
continuously. If any critical situation arises in a patient, this unit also raises an alarm and also
communicates to the concerned doctor by means of an SMS to the doctor.
A Healthcare Monitoring System Using Wifi ModuleIRJET Journal
This document presents a healthcare monitoring system using WiFi modules. The system uses sensors like a temperature sensor and heart rate sensor connected to an Arduino microcontroller to monitor patients' vital signs. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a monitoring center using a WiFi module. Doctors can access the continuously recorded medical data to diagnose patients remotely. The system aims to provide constant monitoring without confining patients to beds and reduce human errors in manual data logging. It allows for broader use among patients, medical professionals and in rural areas with limited access to healthcare.
IRJET- A Survey on-Security for using Pervasive Healthcare Monitoring Sys...IRJET Journal
This document discusses security issues in using mobile cloud computing for pervasive healthcare monitoring systems. It first introduces how mobile devices and cloud computing are being used to remotely monitor patient health metrics. However, transmitting sensitive patient data over networks poses security and privacy risks. The document then examines different approaches for securing such systems, including using encryption keys for authentication and communication protection between wireless sensor nodes, hospitals, and mobile apps. It also discusses challenges in securing data and devices across the various tiers of healthcare cloud and mobile computing architectures. Overall, the document analyzes how security can be improved for remote mobile healthcare monitoring systems that leverage cloud-based approaches.
An intelligent patient tele monitoring system using android technologyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Healthcare to people anytime and anywhere in the world in a more economic and patient friendly manner. Therefore for increasing the patient care efficiency, there arises a need to improve the patient monitoring devices and make them more mobile. The medical world today faces two basic problems when it comes to patient monitoring. Firstly, the needs of health care’s provider’s presence near the bedside of the patient and secondly, the patient is restricted to bed and wired to large machines. In order to achieve better quality patient care, the above cited problems have to be solved.As telecommunications technologies are advancing, it has become feasible to design more portal vital sign patient tele monitoring systems to acquire, record, display and to transmit the physiological signal from the patient to any place.In this project real time transmission of patient self -tested blood pressure data to doctor is achieved.This system is very convenient to use for doctors and patient. The modern visionary of healthcare industry is to provide better
Keywords: GSM, Android
This document describes the design of a community family health care monitoring system in Wolkite, Ethiopia using wireless and information communication technologies. The system allows elderly residents to monitor their health at home by transmitting data like temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate from sensors to a community medical center. The system architecture has a patient section where sensors collect health data and transmit it via Zigbee technology to a control room section where the data is stored and can be sent via GSM to medical staff if needed. The system aims to improve efficiency of healthcare for an aging population while reducing costs compared to on-site medical exams.
Qadri et Al., en su trabajo “The Future of Healthcare Internet of Things (H-IoT): A Survey of Emerging Technologies” propone como uno de los desafíos del H-IoT:
Monitoreo de Desórdenes neurológicos
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
Fitness Tracking
Uso de técnicas de Big Data
Uso de Edge Computing
Internet of Nano-Things
A review of security protocols in m health wireless body area networks (wban)...James Kang
Kang, J. J., & Adibi, S. (2015). A Review of Security Protocols in mHealth Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). In W. Zhou, & R. Doss (Eds.), Future Network Systems and Security 2015 (FNSS 2015) Vol. 523 (pp. 61-83). Paris, France: Springer International Publishing. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19210-9_5
Semelhante a DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITOR (20)
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITORijesajournal
Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
PIP-MPU: FORMAL VERIFICATION OF AN MPUBASED SEPARATION KERNEL FOR CONSTRAINED...ijesajournal
Pip-MPU is a minimalist separation kernel for constrained devices (scarce memory and power resources).
In this work, we demonstrate high-assurance of Pip-MPU’s isolation property through formal verification.
Pip-MPU offers user-defined on-demand multiple isolation levels guarded by the Memory Protection Unit
(MPU). Pip-MPU derives from the Pip protokernel, with a full code refactoring to adapt to the constrained
environment and targets equivalent security properties. The proofs verify that the memory blocks loaded in
the MPU adhere to the global partition tree model. We provide the basis of the MPU formalisation and the
demonstration of the formal verification strategy on two representative kernel services. The publicly
released proofs have been implemented and checked using the Coq Proof Assistant for three kernel
services, representing around 10000 lines of proof. To our knowledge, this is the first formal verification of
an MPU based separation kernel. The verification process helped discover a critical isolation-related bug.
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA)ijesajournal
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Embedded Systems and applications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Embedded Systems and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Embedded Systems & applications.
Pip-MPU: Formal Verification of an MPU-Based Separationkernel for Constrained...ijesajournal
Pip-MPU is a minimalist separation kernel for constrained devices (scarce memory and power resources). In this work, we demonstrate high-assurance of Pip-MPU’s isolation property through formal verification. Pip-MPU offers user-defined on-demand multiple isolation levels guarded by the Memory Protection Unit (MPU). Pip-MPU derives from the Pip protokernel, with a full code refactoring to adapt to the constrained environment and targets equivalent security properties. The proofs verify that the memory blocks loaded in the MPU adhere to the global partition tree model. We provide the basis of the MPU formalisation and the demonstration of the formal verification strategy on two representative kernel services. The publicly released proofs have been implemented and checked using the Coq Proof Assistant for three kernel services, representing around 10000 lines of proof. To our knowledge, this is the first formal verification of an MPU based separation kernel. The verification process helped discover a critical isolation-related bug.
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA)ijesajournal
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Embedded Systems and applications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Embedded Systems and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Embedded Systems & applications.
Call for papers -15th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Network (...ijesajournal
15th International Conference on Wireless & Mobile Network (WiMo 2023) is dedicated to addressing the challenges in the areas of wireless & mobile networks. The Conference looks for significant contributions to the Wireless and Mobile computing in theoretical and practical aspects. The Wireless and Mobile computing domain emerges from the integration among personal computing, networks, communication technologies, cellular technology, and the Internet Technology. The modern applications are emerging in the area of mobile ad hoc networks and sensor networks. This Conference is intended to cover contributions in both the design and analysis in the context of mobile, wireless, ad-hoc, and sensor networks. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced wireless and Mobile computing concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.
Call for Papers -International Conference on NLP & Signal (NLPSIG 2023)ijesajournal
Scope & Topics
International Conference on NLP & Signal (NLPSIG 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Signal and Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to:
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following
Chunking/Shallow Parsing
Dialogue and Interactive Systems
Deep learning and NLP
Discourseand Pragmatics
Information Extraction, Retrieval, Text Mining
Interpretability and Analysis of Models for NLP
Language Grounding to Vision, Robotics and Beyond
Lexical Semantics
Linguistic Resources
Machine Learning for NLP
Machine Translation
NLP and Signal Processing
NLP Applications
Ontology
Paraphrasing/Entailment/Generation
Parsing/Grammatical Formalisms
Phonology, Morphology
POS tagging
Question Answering
Resources and Evaluation
Semantic Processing
Sentiment Analysis, Stylistic Analysis, and Argument Mining
Speech and Multimodality
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Spoken Language Processing
Statistical and Knowledge based methods
Summarization
Theory and Formalism in NLP
Signal Processing & NLP
Computer Vision, Image Processing& NLP
NLP, AI & Signal
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by May 06, 2023. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) (Confirmed).
Selected papers from NLPSIG 2023, after further revisions, will be published in the special issue of the following journals.
International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC)
International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJU)
International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process (IJDKP)
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ)
International Journal of Ambient Systems and Applications (IJASA)
International Journal of Grid Computing & Applications (IJGCA)
Important Dates
Submission Deadline : May 06, 2023
Authors Notification : May 25, 2023
Final Manuscript Due : June 08, 2023
International Conference on NLP & Signal (NLPSIG 2023)ijesajournal
International Conference on NLP & Signal (NLPSIG 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Signal and Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to:
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023)ijesajournal
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023)
May 27 ~ 28, 2023, Vancouver, Canada
https://acsit2023.org/se/index
Scope & Topics
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Software Engineering. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern software engineering concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of software engineering & applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following
The Software Process
Software Engineering Practice
Web Engineering
Quality Management
Managing Software Projects
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering
Multimedia and Visual Software Engineering
Software Maintenance and Testing
Languages and Formal Methods
Web-based Education Systems and Learning Applications
Software Engineering Decision Making
Knowledge-based Systems and Formal Methods
Search Engines and Information Retrieval
Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by April 08, 2023. Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by Computer Science Conference Proceedings (H index 35) in Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) series (Confirmed).
Selected papers from SE 2023, after further revisions, will be published in the special issue of the following journals.
The International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA) -ERA indexed
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA)
Important Dates
Submission Deadline : April 08, 2023
Authors Notification : April 29, 2023
Final Manuscript Due : May 06, 2023
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023)ijesajournal
11th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends (SE 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Software Engineering. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern software engineering concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of software engineering & applications. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.
PERFORMING AN EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM TO OPTIMIZE DATA MULTIPLEXINGijesajournal
This article is based on preliminary work on the OSI model management layers to optimized industrial
wired data transfer on low data rate wireless technology. Our previous contribution deal with the
development of a demonstrator providing CAN bus transfer frames (1Mbps) on a low rate wireless channel
provided by Zigbee technology. In order to be compatible with all the other industrial protocols, we
describe in this paper our contribution to design an innovative Wireless Device (WD) and a software tool,
which will aim to determine the best architecture (hardware/software) and wireless technology to be used
taking in account of the wired protocol requirements. To validate the proper functioning of this WD, we
will develop an experimental platform to test different strategies provided by our software tool. We can
consequently prove which is the best configuration (hardware/software) compared to the others by the
inclusion (inputs) of the required parameters of the wired protocol (load, binary rate, acknowledge
timeout) and the analysis of the WD architecture characteristics proposed (outputs) as the delay introduced
by system, buffer size needed, CPU speed, power consumption, meeting the input requirement. It will be
important to know whether gain comes from a hardware strategy with hardware accelerator e.g or a
software strategy with a more perf
GENERIC SOPC PLATFORM FOR VIDEO INTERACTIVE SYSTEM WITH MPMC CONTROLLERijesajournal
Today, a significant number of embedded systems focus on multimedia applications with almost insatiable demand for low-cost, high performance, and low power hardware cosumption. In this paper, we present a re-configurable and generic hardware platform for image and video processing. The proposed platform uses the benefits offered by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to attain this goal. In this context,
a prototype system is developed based on the Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA with the integration of embedded processors, embedded memory, DDR, interface technologies, Digital Clock Managers (DCM) and MPMC.
The MPMC is an essential component for design performance tuning and real time video processing. We demonstrate the importance role of this interface in multi video applications. In fact, to successful the
deployment of DRAM it is mandatory to use a flexible and scalable interface. Our system introduces diverse modules, such as cut video detection, video zoom-in and out. This provides the utility of using this architecture as a universal video processing platform according to different application requirements. This platform facilitates the development of video and image processing applications.
This document summarizes the design challenges of an inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter that generates a negative output voltage from a positive input voltage. Key challenges discussed include the transition between continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, handling negative feedback and protection circuits, and improving transient load response. The proposed converter design addresses these challenges through its control topology, use of external components, and detection of conduction modes.
A Case Study: Task Scheduling Methodologies for High Speed Computing Systems ijesajournal
High Speed computing meets ever increasing real-time computational demands through the leveraging of
flexibility and parallelism. The flexibility is achieved when computing platform designed with
heterogeneous resources to support multifarious tasks of an application where as task scheduling brings
parallel processing. The efficient task scheduling is critical to obtain optimized performance in
heterogeneous computing Systems (HCS). In this paper, we brought a review of various application
scheduling models which provide parallelism for homogeneous and heterogeneous computing systems. In
this paper, we made a review of various scheduling methodologies targeted to high speed computing
systems and also prepared summary chart. The comparative study of scheduling methodologies for high
speed computing systems has been carried out based on the attributes of platform & application as well.
The attributes are execution time, nature of task, task handling capability, type of host & computing
platform. Finally a summary chart has been prepared and it demonstrates that the need of developing
scheduling methodologies for Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems (HRCS) which is an
emerging high speed computing platform for real time applications.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
Payment industry is largely aligned in their desire to create embedded payment systems ready for the
modern digital age. The trend to embed payments into a software platform is often regarded as first step
towards a broader trend of embedded finance based on digital representation of fiat currencies. Since it
became clear to our research team that there are no technologies and protocols that are protected against
attacks of quantum computing, and that enable automatic embedded payments, online or offline with no
fear of counterfeit, P2P or device-to-device to be made in real time without intermediaries, in any
denomination, even continuous payments per time or service, while preserving the privacy of all parties,
without enabling illicit activities, we decided to utilize the Generic Innovation Engine [1] that is based on
the Artificial Intelligence Assistance Innovation acceleration methodologies and tools in order to boost the
progress of innovation of the necessary solutions. These methodologies accelerate innovation across the
board. It proposes a framework for natural and artificial intelligence collaboration in pursuit of an
innovative (R&D) objective The outcome of deploying these Artificial Innovation Assistant (AIA)
methodologies was tens of patents that yield solutions, that a few of them are described in this paper. We
argue that a promising avenue for automated embedded payment systems to fulfil people’s desire for
privacy when conducting payments, and national security agencies demand for quantum-safe security,
could be based on DeFi and digital currencies platforms that does not suffer from flaws of DLT-based
solutions, while introducing real advantages, in all aspects, including being quantum-resilient, enabling
users to decide with whom, if at all, to share information, identity, transactions details, etc., all without
trade-offs, complying with AML measures, and accommodating the potential for high transaction volumes.
It is not legacy bank accounts, and it is not peer-dependent, nor a self-organizing network.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
2 nd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology ijesajournal
2
nd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology Trends
(CCITT 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and
results in theory, methodology and applications of Computing and Information Technology
Trends. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the
Computer Science, Compute Engineering, Information Technology and Trends in theoretical
and practical aspects.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR TASK DISTRIBUTION IN HETEROGENEOUS RECONFIGURABLE COM...ijesajournal
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Computing Systems
(HRCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware i.e. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and soft core
processors acts as computing elements. So, an efficient task distribution methodology is essential for
obtaining high performance in modern embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel methodology
for task distribution called Minimum Laxity First (MLF) algorithm that takes the advantage of runtime
reconfiguration of FPGA in order to effectively utilize the available resources. The MLF algorithm is a list
based dynamic scheduling algorithm that uses attributes of tasks as well computing resources as cost
function to distribute the tasks of an application to HRCS. In this paper, an on chip HRCS computing
platform is configured on Virtex 5 FPGA using Xilinx EDK. The real time applications JPEG, OFDM
transmitters are represented as task graph and then the task are distributed, statically as well dynamically,
to the platform HRCS in order to evaluate the performance of the designed task distribution model. Finally,
the performance of MLF algorithm is compared with existing static scheduling algorithms. The comparison
shows that the MLF algorithm outperforms in terms of efficient utilization of resources on chip and also
speedup an application execution.
TIME CRITICAL MULTITASKING FOR MULTICORE MICROCONTROLLER USING XMOS® KITijesajournal
This paper presents the research work on multicore microcontrollers using parallel, and time critical
programming for the embedded systems. Due to the high complexity and limitations, it is very hard to work
on the application development phase on such architectures. The experimental results mentioned in the
paper are based on xCORE multicore microcontroller form XMOS®
. The paper also imitates multi-tasking
and parallel programming for the same platform. The tasks assigned to multiple cores are executed
simultaneously, which saves the time and energy. The relative study for multicore processor and multicore
controller concludes that micro architecture based controller having multiple cores illustrates better
performance in time critical multi-tasking environment. The research work mentioned here not only
illustrates the functionality of multicore microcontroller, but also express the novel technique of
programming, profiling and optimization on such platforms in real time environments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE PATIENT MONITOR
1. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA), Vol 13, No.4, December 2023
DOI : 10.5121/ijesa.2023.13401 1
DESIGN OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM: BEDSIDE
PATIENT MONITOR
Ertan Ozturk1
, Ozan Emre Yapıcı2
, Mehmet Unal2
and Osman Çakıcı2
1
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of North Dakota,
Grand Forks, ND, USA
2
ERETNA Medical LLC, Maltepe, Istanbul, TURKEY
ABSTRACT
Embedded systems in the range of from a tiny microcontroller-based sensor device to mobile smart phones
have vast variety of applications. However, in the literature there is no up to date system-level design of
embedded hardware and software, instead academic publications are mainly focused on the improvement
of specific features of embedded software/hardware and the embedded system designs for specific
applications. Moreover, commercially available embedded systems are not disclosed for the view of
researchers in the literature. Therefore, in this paper we first present how to design a state of art embedded
system including emerged hardware and software technologies. Bedside Patient monitor devices used in
intensive cares units of hospitals are also classified as embedded systems and run sophisticated software
and algorithms for better diagnosis of diseases. We reveal the architecture of our, commercially available,
bedside patient monitor to provide a design example of embedded systemsrelating to emerged technologies.
KEYWORDS
Patient monitors, embedded systems, System on Module, cross-building, embedded hardware.
1. INTRODUCTION
Embedded systems are application specific computer systems such that include hardware and
software components based on the target application such as household electronic equipment,
automobile electronic systems, communication devices, defence and space equipment and
medical devices, etc. Similarities between general purpose computers and embedded systems are;
both have the basic computer architecture consisting of a processing unit, a memory and
Input/Output (I/O) devices, both run a software, and can be monitored and may have human
interface. On the other hand, embedded systems are application specific computer systems, so
their hardware and software are tailored according to the target application. Due to the very wide
range of applications, an embedded system can be from a very tiny Microcontroller (MCU)
based device with a few kilo byte memory and storage, and several Mega Hertzprocessor speed
to a System on Chip (SoC) based device having a Giga Byte (GB) level memory and storage as
well as Giga Hertz (GHz) level processor speed. Embedded systemshave been a hot topic for
industrial applications for the last decade, however instead of system level design of embedded
hardware and software, the academic papers mainly focus on the improvement of specific
features of embedded software/hardware [1-2] and the embedded system designs for specific
applications [3-4].
Bedside Patient Monitor devices that provide momentarily display of the multiple physiological
signals of patients are also considered as embedded systems. A generic Patient Monitor (PM)
continuously monitors a patient’s physiological signals which are electrocardiogram (ECG),
2. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA), Vol 13, No.4, December 2023
2
Respiration, Oxygen Saturation (SPO2), Invasive Blood Pressure (IBP), Non-Invasive Blood
Pressure (NIBP), Temperature and Carbon-dioxide (CO2) in a waveform format (trace) and as
numerical values [5]. The monitored physiological signals are interpreted by medical
professionals for diagnostic purposes in intensive care units, emergency services, cardiological
follow-up and post anaesthesia care units of hospitals. PMs are located next to the patient beds, so
traditionally called bed-side patient monitor, the data (vital signals) collected by a bed-side
monitor, is also transferred to a central system located in nurse rooms to monitor the conditions of
all inpatients within a unit in a single big screen.
Early primitive vital signal monitors were started to be used in the 19th century, however modern
PMs appeared in the mid-20th century following the birth of solid-state electronic, recently have
been substantially improved parallel with advancements in digital electronics, software and
communications technologies. High speed processors, high capacity memory and storage units
used in modern PMs allow to run very sophisticated application software and advance diagnostic
algorithms at the top. The usability of a PM and its interface by medical personal and the
integration of multiple devices are very critical in critical care units [6], hence requires a user-
friendly and adaptable software application running on it.
Monitor devices are also required to connect other devices to transfer their data and even to
display transferred data within the same interface remotely. Hence, patient’s vital signals are
transferred to a central monitor device that is usually a high-power personal computer (PC)
running a Central System software to display the vital signals of all patients away from the
patient’s bedside in a hospital unit. The advancement in communication technologies provide a
high-data rate wire and wireless data transfer via Ethernet and Wi-Fi, respectively.Consequently,
medical practitioners can observe their patients’ physiological signals by using mobile devices
which are connected to the central system.
Research on patient monitors is mostly driven by medical industry, but the design and the
development of patient monitor devices by the industry are generally not disclosed due to
business reasons. Manufacturers of PM mostly publish White Papers about their products which
mainly focus on the functionality of the PM without getting into its design [7]. Universities also
conduct researches on patient monitoring such as given in [8-13], however these works and others
available in academic literature don’t consider the hardware and software designs of a full PM
for the monitoring of all vital signals. These works mainly focus on the monitoring of one or two
vital signals by using simple off-the shelf-cards and implantation of simple software for receiving
and sending signals.
On the other hand, remote-healthcare that requires a remote access to patient’s monitored vital
data has been the subject of research and development works for more than a decade [14]. The
Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely identified as a potential solution for remote healthcare,
and has thus been the focus of much recent research [14-16]. Obviously, these works more
focus on the remote access technologies and its security.
In this paper, we present the hardware and software design of our patient monitor device which
runs our developed application software consists of the back-end and the front-end to monitor
all vital signals of a patient. Our monitor also has remote patient monitoring capability. Hence the
main contribution of this paper is in two folds: The first is presenting an approach to design an
embedded system which can run an embedded operating system (OS) and a sophisticated
application software, over a main board that can be designed by using emerged electronic
technologies. Then, the second is to present the state-of art architectural design for the hardware
and software of a bed side patient monitor available commercially first in the literature. The rest
of the paper is organized as: The section 2 reveals first, the design of a hardware hierarchy from a
3. International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA), Vol 13, No.4, December 2023
3
SoC to an Embedded Board, then the attributes of embedded software design. The section 3
presents the architecture of our patient monitor device including its hardware, software and
network communication. Section 4 concludes the paper.
2. DESIGNING EMBEDDED SYSTEM
2.1. Embedded Hardware
An embedded hardware includes a processing unit, memory and I/O devices based on the
applications; for instance, a sensor board includes a sensor, Analog Digital Converter (ADC), and
a communication interface, whereas an advanced embedded system may include keypads, display
units, touch screens, various communication interfaces to communicate with external devices.
Although, there are off-the-shelf embedded boards available on the market to be used for various
applications; an application specific embedded hardware/board may still need to be designed.
From the processing point of view, there are two options; Microcontroller and System on Chip
(Soc). Microcontrollers include a processor, memory power management circuits, timing
resources, communication interfaces, and analogue interfaces in a single chip.
On the other hand, a SoC is a newer technology, and also include a processor/CPU, memory, and
communication interfaces in a single chip. However, the speed of the processor in a SoC,
typically in the level of several hundred MHz or even GHz, while it is typically from 20 MHz to
100 MHz for microcontrollers. In terms of the capacity of the memory; microcontrollers typically
have Kbytes level memory, while SoCs may have GB level memory. SoC also offer more diverse
communication interfaces compared to microcontrollers like the support for an USB interface.
Figure 1. Hardware hierarchy from a SoC to an Embedded Board
Recently, another technology called System on Module (SOM) has emerged [17]. A SOM has
more hardware units than a SoC such that it includes a large storage, audio and displayinterfaces,
communication interfaces, camera interface. On the other hand, a SOM is not asingle chip,
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instead it is a module in the size of a credit card, even smaller, but still needs external circuits to
be a complete self-sufficient embedded board. Hence a SOM includes General Purpose Input
Output (GPIO) pins as many as few hundreds in connection to driver circuits of the
application designed in a carrier board. Consequently, a SOM and its carrierboard constitutes
a self-sufficient embedded board as seen in Figure 1, where the hierarchy froma SoC to SOM,
then to an embedded board is shown. The SOM module includes GB level storage, built-in
communication and display interfaces, besides other processors like Graphical Processor Unit
(GPU) etc. On the other hand, the application specific circuits such as display, Communication,
audio circuits as well as power and battery circuits and the connector and jackscan be mounted on
the carrier board.
2.2. Embedded Software
An embedded system whether it is a tiny microcontroller based or a powerful SoC based includes
a software to perform a targeted task. The complexity of the embedded software based on the
targeted task. For instance, a temperature sensing board requires just few lines of codes, whereas
a medical device like patient monitoring systems requires very sophisticated software written
preferably by object-oriented programming.
Requirements for an Embedded System Software are reliability, efficient memory use, low
hardware requirement, tailored to hardware, and low power consumptions. The complexity of the
application software also determines the required hardware, since the software of basic
applications are not complex, they can be directly embedded into processing unit
(microcontroller), hence they are called Firmware. Firmware programming is the writing codes
directly into the processor without an operating system. This programming is written specific to
hardware, which requires to consider the specific build of the hardware. High level languages, for
example C programming, can be used for firmware programming, however in such case it is
different than regular high-level C, and called Embedded C that includes specific syntax to
control the ports and memory of hardware. Low level Assembly languages are also used for
embedded firmware programming.
On the other hand, a complex software cannot be embedded directly into the processing units,
instate an Operating System (OS) is used between the application software and embedded
hardware. However, since the system is still application specific, the OS can also be tailored
according to the hardware and the application requirements, so it is called Embedded Operating
System.
An embedded OS consists of three parts: Boot-Loader, Kernel and Root File-System. These parts
need to be compiled for the target embedded hardware in a powerful machine (Host) by cross-
compiling, then can be flashed in to the target embedded system.
Therefore, the other unique feature of embedded software is cross-compiling that means
compiling the developed application software and OS in a powerful host machine i.e., in a PC for
the targeted hardware, described below.
2.3. Host and Target Systems
Embedded systems even SoC based ones have limited hardware and software capabilities than
those of personal computers, Hence, Embedded Software Development is mostly done in a
personal computer called a Host System. Then, the embedded system for which the software is
developed is called a Target System. Host-Target method is used in the development of both
MCU based and SoC based embedded systems. In a Host System, the developed software codes
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whether it is written by using high level programming or assembly programming, needs to be
built for the Target System, this is called Cross-Building. The application software can be built
also for the host system, and executed on it. This is called native build compared to cross-build.
Native build provides to run, debug and test the developed software first on the powerful host
system. After cross-building the software, it is installed in the target system by using an external
Hardware/software tool called flashing tools. The Figure 2 illustrates a cross-compiling of an
application software in a host machine, then flashing it in to the target Embedded system.
Figure 2. Cross-building of an embedded software
2.4. Embedded Communications
In an embedded hardware, the processing unit communicates with other Integrated Circuit (IC) or
modules on the board or with external peripheral boards and devices attached to it. For example,
the processor unit may communicate with on-board sensor IC, power- management IC, also with
on-board modules such as GSM, WiFi, Bluetooth, SD-Card modules. The supported
communication interfaces by SoC and MCU are serial parallel interface (SPI), Integrated-to-
Integrated Circuit (I2
C) and Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART), which are
ideal for the above communications where there is no need for high speed and no long-distance
data transfer.
3. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE OF OUR PATIENT
MONITOR
Our bedside patient monitor shown in Figure 3 consists of our designed and third-party hardware
components. Obviously, the third-party hardware units and the mechanical design of the patient
monitor are not in the scope of this paper.
Our bedside monitor can continuously monitor and record ECG with 7 types of Arrhythmia,
Respiration Rate (RR), SPO2, CO2, NIBP, End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), up to 4 Channel IBP and
dual-TEMP parameters. It has adaptive properties for adult, paediatric and new-born patients. It
provides multi-parameter waveforms, alarms, and status messages. It allows the monitored
functions to be recorded and to be monitored again when required. The monitor has the ability
to connect to a local network Laser and thermal printer. Physiological signal waveforms, reports
and tables generated by the monitor can be printed out via network printers. Our patient monitor
device complies with IEC 60601-1 medical standard [18], hence it is CE certified and has been
using recently in several different hospitals in Turkey [19].
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Figure 3. ERETNA bed side patient monitor
3.1. The Embedded Hardware
The high-level block diagram for the hardware depicted in Figure 4 presents our designed
hardware in green colour, whereas the third parties are in blue colour. Patient Monitors collect
patient’s physical signals via sensors attached to the patient body. All analogue data from
sensors are feed to the Physiological Data Acquisition Module, in which analogue data is
converted to digital and based on the Acquisition Module and relating vital signal. Digital dataat
the output of acquisition module is fed to the main-card at the top of which our application
software run.
Figure 4. Hardware of the Bedside Patient Monitor
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Our main card was design based on the system requirements and the software requirements, andit
was built around an ARM processor-based SOM. The main card includes the drive circuits to
interface the peripheral devices and modules such as an audio circuit for alarm soundings, a
LVDS circuit that drives LED touch screen display, a network circuit for ethernet and Wife
connections. In addition, the main card includes a power circuit to convert AC power to DC and a
battery charger circuit, then a voltage regulator circuit to power the ICs with 3.3V, 5V voltages,
also a circuit for the keypad. The drive circuits for data communication interfaces (UART, SPI,
USB) are implemented in the main board to provide communication between the main card and
the physiological signal modules, also provide extra USB ports. Finally, the connectors and jacks
to connect the main card to external units of the system are embedded in our main card.
The Back-light card shown in Figure 5 was built to supply current to the LED touchscreen. The
alarm led card including coloured LEDs was built to reflect the visual alarming feed by the main
card. The keypad includes 10 buttons with their wirings, a red-green LED as on/off indication of
the monitor, and an ambient light sensor to adapt the light of the screen according to the ambient
lighting.
3.2. The Application Software
The development environment for our application software is a cross-platform design and
development tool, Qt [20] running at the top of a regular PC with an Ubuntu Linux operating
system (Host). The cross-platform design and development tool allows to cross-built our
application software for our embedded Linux and ARM based architecture (Target) as seen in
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Cross-building of the system
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Our application software was developed by using C++ on the Qt platform that includes tool-
chains for cross building and compiling. The application software basically handles two parts, the
backend and the frontend. The backend is the part that communicates with the hardware and
includes the implementation of the physiological signal algorithms and calculations. It enables the
data to be recorded or exported. There are several implemented communication modules in the
backend such as the data transfer to other devices on the network, reading data from the monitor
keypad or touch screen, screen brightness settings, battery information.
The data signals processed by the backend are sent to the graphical user interface, which is
QML based frontend for the visualization, hence interfacing with users. The interface is aimedat
being user-friendly, reducing the errors for busy medical personnel. Hence, the front-end was
designed to make the interface simple and without any confusion for the users, while keeping
the most significant vital parameters on the main screen and the others available based user’s
preference in the setting section menu. The screen view of the application software is seen in
Figure 6.
Figure 6. The application software
The most significant attribute of our application software is that it can be built to run on various
operating system (Linux, Windows, iOS, Android) and hardware platforms (ARM, Intel, AMD
processors based). Consequently, the central system software that collects all patient’s data from
bed-site monitors in a unit via a local network to display all in a single big screen, is the multi-
windows version of our application software and it is cross-built for Intel based personal
computers having Linux or Windows OS. Moreover, our application software is cross-built for
Android and iOS operating system to run over a mobile device, tablet or smart phone.
3.3. The Embedded Linux OS
Pre-built Linux distributions are readily available; however, they are typically very large, so may
not be proper for light hardware embedded systems, besides they are not available for all
hardware architectures, and they are not easy to customize. Hence, we built our own Embedded
Linux by using the buildroot tool available online [21]. That tool allows to include processor
architecture, required modules and libraries in the built process. Hence, our embedded OS is
much lighter than the available Linux distributions to relax the hardware of the bed side patient
monitor device.
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3.4. Network Communications of our Design
Our monitor is capable of Ethernet and Wi-Fi connectivity through a switch that makes up our
local subnet. The data transmission rate between the bedside monitor and the central system and
between the bedside monitor and the mobile device is over the UDP protocol with a rate of 80
packets per second. While the patient's data is transferred from the bedside monitor to the central
monitor, the configuration commands from the central monitor are transmitted to the bedside
monitor. In addition to UDP, multicast and broadcast transmissions are used to reach mobile
devices in the network, hence the connection is unidirectional from the bedside to the mobile
application. The size of a UDP packet as bytes per second depends on the transferred vital signal.
In order to reduce the heavy traffic on the network, the bedside monitor does not send all signals.
Only the signals of the active parameters are transmitted to the other party. Ifthe user wants to
activate a parameter at any time, the activated parameters and signals are automatically
transmitted to the other party.
Another network connection of our bedside monitor is with hospital information systems (HIS)
that is done via HL7 protocol [22]. The vital data along with the patient’s demographic data is
sent once every 10 seconds in the form of an ORU message defined in HL7 version 2.3.
Consequently, our patient monitor system is ready for remote healthcare due to the availability of
network connection and its flexible cross-built software.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we first explain the design of an embedded system to run sophisticated application
software at the top of an embedded operating system, in order to provide a guide for researchers
who are new in this field. Then, we present the state of art software and hardware architecture of
our patient monitor that is commercially available. Obviously, the business confidential details of
our design are not disclosed. Nevertheless, it provides an overview picture of the design relating
to the recent hardware and software technologies, which is not available in the literature. Finally,
the design of our patient monitor provides an easy expansion to remote patient monitoring within
the concept of remote healthcare due to its flexible and the support of multi-platforms.
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AUTHORS
Ertan OZTURK is a faculty member in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at
University of North Dakota. He got his MS and PhD degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering at
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago. Previously, he was the technical leader of an embedded
software and hardware team to develop and manufacture a patient monitor system at ERETNA Medical
located in Istanbul, Turkey. He is the author 40 peer reviewed Journal and Conference papers, and he has
supervised 2 PhD and 12 Master theses.
Ozan Emre YAPICI is recently the technical leader and senior embedded software engineer at ERETNA
Medical, Istanbul. He got his BS degree in Computer Engineering from Gebze Technical University,
Turkey. Previously he worked as a software engineer for image recognition and processing at Panel
Yazilim, Istanbul.
Mehmet UNAL is the project manager at ERETNA Medical. He is also specialized in intensive care
medical devices. He got his BS degree in Biomedical Technology from Electronics and Computer
Department at Marmara University, Istanbul.
Osman ÇAKICI got his BS degree in Biomedical Technology from Electronics and Computer Department
at Marmara University, Istanbul. He is the founder and the CEO of ERETNA Medical that is an R&D
company for medical devices. He is also the founder of MESA Medical that has provided solutions and
technical services to intensive care units of more than 100 hospitals in Turkey.