Departments of telecommunication
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Wireless Communication Companies like Reliance, Airtel, Idea, Vodafone , BSNL etc all have different departments and the collective effort of all department result in providing a stable network to us. Here We had described those departments only- RF, Transmission, BSS, MSC, OMCR, VAS, Intelligent Network
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Site optimization-process
1. Site optimization involves three stages: hardware optimization, physical optimization through drive testing, and parameter optimization.
2. Hardware optimization identifies issues like faulty equipment, cabling problems, or transmission issues using data from drive tests, alarms, and KPI reports.
3. Physical optimization resolves coverage and interference problems through antenna tilting, orientation changes, or height adjustments based on data from reports, maps, and drive tests.
9 36-computer organization and archietecture- CO- COA
The document discusses the design of the control unit in a computer system. It describes how the bits of a microinstruction are divided into fields that are then decoded to provide distinct microoperations. It also explains that the microprogram sequencer is the component that selects the next address in the control memory to read and execute microinstructions, guided by next address information from the current instruction.
Micro programmed control
presentation on micro programmed controlling.topic of somputer science architecture(csa) of sem 1 in delhi university.
Ch7 official
The document discusses microprogrammed control units. It describes how control units use a control memory (like ROM) to store microinstructions that specify sequences of microoperations. This allows the control logic to be changed by updating the microprogram in control memory. In comparison, hardwired control units implement control logic with gates and circuits, allowing for faster operation but requiring wiring changes to modify the design. The document outlines the typical components of a microprogrammed control unit, including the control memory, control address register, sequencer, and control data register. It provides examples of microinstruction formats and symbolic and binary microprograms.
INTERRUPTS
Interrupts are signals that cause the computer's main program to stop and handle the interrupt request. There are different types of interrupts including program errors, timers, and I/O devices. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU saves its state, executes the interrupt handler, then restores its state and continues the original program. Interrupts allow external events and errors to be handled transparently without disrupting program execution.
Hardwired control
hardwired control is the system level communication in which how the control signal generate by processor with the help of conditional codes, external output and counter circuits
Micro programmed control
micro programmed control signal is the alternative technology of generating control signals inside the processor.
Lecture 37
The document discusses different methods of implementing priority interrupts in computer systems, including software polling, hardware priority interrupts, and daisy chain hardware priority interrupts. Software polling establishes priority by the order devices are polled but is flexible and low cost, though slow. Hardware priority interrupts use a priority interrupt manager to identify the highest priority interrupt request quickly in hardware. Daisy chain hardware priority interrupts work by having devices connected in a serial chain, with the closest interrupting device to the CPU getting access to interrupt the CPU when multiple interrupts occur simultaneously.
Recomendados
Site optimization-process
1. Site optimization involves three stages: hardware optimization, physical optimization through drive testing, and parameter optimization.
2. Hardware optimization identifies issues like faulty equipment, cabling problems, or transmission issues using data from drive tests, alarms, and KPI reports.
3. Physical optimization resolves coverage and interference problems through antenna tilting, orientation changes, or height adjustments based on data from reports, maps, and drive tests.
9 36-computer organization and archietecture- CO- COA
The document discusses the design of the control unit in a computer system. It describes how the bits of a microinstruction are divided into fields that are then decoded to provide distinct microoperations. It also explains that the microprogram sequencer is the component that selects the next address in the control memory to read and execute microinstructions, guided by next address information from the current instruction.
Micro programmed control
presentation on micro programmed controlling.topic of somputer science architecture(csa) of sem 1 in delhi university.
Ch7 official
The document discusses microprogrammed control units. It describes how control units use a control memory (like ROM) to store microinstructions that specify sequences of microoperations. This allows the control logic to be changed by updating the microprogram in control memory. In comparison, hardwired control units implement control logic with gates and circuits, allowing for faster operation but requiring wiring changes to modify the design. The document outlines the typical components of a microprogrammed control unit, including the control memory, control address register, sequencer, and control data register. It provides examples of microinstruction formats and symbolic and binary microprograms.
INTERRUPTS
Interrupts are signals that cause the computer's main program to stop and handle the interrupt request. There are different types of interrupts including program errors, timers, and I/O devices. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU saves its state, executes the interrupt handler, then restores its state and continues the original program. Interrupts allow external events and errors to be handled transparently without disrupting program execution.
Hardwired control
hardwired control is the system level communication in which how the control signal generate by processor with the help of conditional codes, external output and counter circuits
Micro programmed control
micro programmed control signal is the alternative technology of generating control signals inside the processor.
Lecture 37
The document discusses different methods of implementing priority interrupts in computer systems, including software polling, hardware priority interrupts, and daisy chain hardware priority interrupts. Software polling establishes priority by the order devices are polled but is flexible and low cost, though slow. Hardware priority interrupts use a priority interrupt manager to identify the highest priority interrupt request quickly in hardware. Daisy chain hardware priority interrupts work by having devices connected in a serial chain, with the closest interrupting device to the CPU getting access to interrupt the CPU when multiple interrupts occur simultaneously.
Interrupts
Interrupts allow external events to suspend and later resume processes running on a computer. They improve processor utilization by allowing the operating system to interrupt running processes to respond to external events like user input or I/O device completion. There are different types of interrupts including program-generated, timer, I/O, and hardware failure interrupts. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU saves its context and executes an interrupt handling routine that calls the appropriate interrupt service routine to handle the interrupt before resuming the original process.
3 4- computer organization and archietecture- COA- CO- Computer organization
This document summarizes key aspects of computer organization, specifically microprogrammed control units. It discusses:
1) The two major types of control units - hardwired and microprogrammed. Microprogrammed control units store control information in a control memory that can be updated, while hardwired units have fixed wiring that is difficult to modify.
2) Control words stored in the control memory that specify microoperations. The control unit executes microinstructions from the control memory to perform the necessary microoperations.
3) Components of a microprogrammed control unit including the control memory, control address register, control data register, and next-address generator or sequencer.
4) Methods for sequencing micro
Microinstruction sequencing new
The document describes the components and functioning of a microprogram sequencer. The microprogram sequencer selects the next address from various sources like the current microinstruction address field, an incremented address, or an external source. It uses multiplexers and registers to select the appropriate next address and load it into the control address register to fetch the next microinstruction from memory. The input logic determines the types of operations the sequencer can perform, such as branching, subroutine calls and returns, and other address sequencing functions.
Addressing sequencing
The document discusses address sequencing in a microprogram control unit. It begins by defining key terms like control address register, which stores the initial address of the first microinstruction. It then explains that the next address generator is responsible for selecting the next address from control memory based on the current microinstruction. Microinstructions are stored in control memory in groups that make up routines corresponding to each machine instruction. The document also discusses control memory, hardwired control vs microprogrammed control, and examples of next address generation and status bits.
Control unit design(1)
The document discusses control unit design in processors. It describes that the control unit is responsible for generating control and timing signals to synchronize internal and external events. It discusses two approaches to control unit design: hardwired and microprogramming. The hardwired approach is faster but more complex, while the microprogrammed approach is more flexible but slower. It also explains finite state machines are used to represent the control unit and discusses factors that influence control unit complexity.
Control Units : Microprogrammed and Hardwired:control unit
The document discusses control units in CPUs. There are two main methods for implementing control units: hardwired and microprogrammed. A hardwired control unit generates control signals through circuitry using logic gates, while a microprogrammed control unit generates control signals by executing a stored microprogram. Overall, hardwired control units are faster but less flexible, while microprogrammed control units are slower but more flexible and modifiable.
Unit 2 ca- control unit
The document discusses different types of control systems for CPUs, including hardwired and microprogrammed control. It explains that microprogrammed control uses sequences of microinstructions stored in memory to interpret instructions, allowing for more flexibility than hardwired control. The execute cycle is categorized into four groups of actions: CPU-memory transfers, CPU-I/O transfers, data processing, and control alterations. Microinstructions are organized into fields that activate control signals, and the main concerns in microinstruction sequencing design are microinstruction size and address generation time.
Micro Programmed Control Unit
This slide provide the content related to the control unit available in computer, It give some detail about the micro programmed control unit
Program control
Program control instructions can change the program counter to alter the flow of code execution. Conditional branch instructions and subroutine calls change the program counter based on status bit conditions or function needs. When an interrupt occurs internally or externally, the CPU handles it through fetch, decode and execute operations to switch to supervisor mode and service the interrupt.
Micro programmed control
The control signals needed in each step of intruction execution can be generated by the finite state machine method, also called hardwired control, or, alternatively, by the microprogrammed control method discussed below.
Basic Concepts of Microprogramming:
Control word (CW):
A word with each bit for one of the control signals. Each step of the instruction execution is represented by a control word with all of the bits corresponding to the control signals needed for the step set to one.
Microinstruction:
Each step in a sequence of steps in the execution of a certain machine instruction is considered as a microinstruction, and it is represented by a control word. All of the bits corresponding to the control signals that need to be asserted in this step are set to 1, and all others are set to 0 (horizontal organization).
Microprogram:
Composed of a sequence of microinstructions corresponding to the sequence of steps in the execution of a given machine instruction.
Microprogramming:
The method of generating the control signals by properly setting the individual bits in a control word of a step.
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
This work presents a fast response and stable computer based a brushed DC motor speed controller. The controller configured of gate drive circuits for H-Bridge accompanied with data acquisition unit DAQ-6211. These gate drive circuits include, phase comparator, current booster and wave forms cleaning circuits. An optical encoder is used for motor speed to frequency conversion. The CD4046 PLL chip compares phases of the encoder output frequency (motor speed) with a reference frequency (desired speed). The obtained phase difference (error) is used to allocate the suitable PWM duty cycles. An H-Bridge BJT switches driven by PWM is interfaced with the motor. The system hardware is provided with a simple and accurate data acquisition unit DAQ-6211 to be interfaced with the LabVIEW software Package. This allows monitoring and storing the different measured data of this platform. The system relative stability is determined and examined based on the Bode plot analysis and design. Then the relative stability criterion (Phase Margin) is measured the closed-loop stability of the system. This system considers the fast feedback response with indication of its stability state as well as the stable wide dynamic range. It compensates the changes in system parameters due to the environmental effects and other disturbances.Microprogram Control
A microprogrammed control unit stores control signals for executing instructions in a control memory rather than using dedicated logic. It has four main components: 1) a control memory that stores microinstructions specifying microoperations, 2) a control address register that selects microinstructions, 3) a sequencer that generates the next address, and 4) a pipeline register that holds the selected microinstruction. Microprograms are sequences of microinstructions that are executed to carry out machine-level instructions. Microinstructions can implement conditional branching to alter the control flow.
Lecture 36
This document provides an overview of input/output organization and various input/output techniques including peripheral devices, input-output interfaces, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer such as programmed I/O, interrupt-initiated I/O, and direct memory access. It also discusses universal asynchronous receiver transmitter chips, first-in first-out buffers, and compares different modes of transfer including their advantages and disadvantages.
MicroProgrammed Explained .
MICROPROGRAMMED
-> CONTROL UNIT IMPLEMENTATION
-> What Is Control Unit ??
-> Hardwire
-> Microprogrammed
-> Hardwire Vs Microprogrammed
-> Microprogrammed Control Unit
-> Micro-Operations
-> Control Memory
-> Microprogrammed Control Organization
-> Microprogram Routines
-> Conditional Branching
-> Mapping Of Instruction
-> Address Sequencing
-> Micro-Program Example
-> Micro-Instruction Format
-> Microinstruction Fields
-> Symbolic Microinstruction
Computer Organization
The document compares and contrasts hardwired control units and microprogrammed control units in computers. It describes a basic computer with a data path section and control section. Hardwired control units use a ring counter, instruction decoder, and control matrix to generate control signals based on the instruction opcode. Microprogrammed control units store sequences of microinstructions that implement machine instructions as microroutines in a internal control memory. The control unit then fetches the microinstructions to control the data path.
Microprogrammed Control Unit
(Ref : Computer System Architecture by Morris Mano 3rd edition) : Microprogrammed Control unit, micro instructions, micro operations, symbolic and binary microprogram.
basic computer programming and micro programmed control
The document discusses microprogrammed control unit implementation. It describes that a microprogrammed control unit uses microinstructions stored in read-only control memory to generate control signals for executing microoperations. Each computer instruction is mapped to a routine in control memory containing a sequence of microinstructions. The microinstructions include fields that specify microoperations to perform and the address of the next microinstruction. A control address register holds the address of the current microinstruction, and a next address generator determines the next address based on branching conditions.
Control Unit Design
This topic describes about hardwired and microprogrammed control unit design methodology. Also it focuses on microinstruction types, RISC and CISC.
control unit
The document discusses control units in basic computers. It describes hardwired control and microprogrammed control. Hardwired control generates signals using logic gates while microprogrammed control stores control information in a control memory. The control unit initiates sequential microoperations from the control memory. It consists of decoders, counters, and control logic. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are also summarized for different data types.
Motor protecto’s EMC design based on DSPIC single chip microcomputer control
The document discusses electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design for a motor protector control system using a DSPIC single-chip microcomputer. It proposes designs at both the hardware and software levels to reduce electromagnetic interference. At the hardware level, it describes a four-layer printed circuit board structure, filtering circuits, and shielding techniques. At the software level, it discusses digital filtering, instruction redundancy, software traps, and watchdog timers to improve EMC performance. The goal is to make the motor protector control system more accurate and reliable in its operating environment.
MSIP report
LM Ericsson is a leading telecommunications equipment manufacturer, providing mobile systems solutions and end-to-end network solutions to operators. The author completed an internship at Ericsson where they learned about technical and corporate skills while helping to upgrade the software on 2000 network nodes in Bangladesh. They gained experience in fields maintenance and saw first-hand how Ericsson maintains high quality networks for its customers.
Umts explained
This presentation describes about UMTS major components Key features, NodeB, RNC, GGSN,MSC, SGSN,VLR,HLR, Charging function, UMTS base stations and info about UMTS number allocated for MS.
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Interrupts
Interrupts allow external events to suspend and later resume processes running on a computer. They improve processor utilization by allowing the operating system to interrupt running processes to respond to external events like user input or I/O device completion. There are different types of interrupts including program-generated, timer, I/O, and hardware failure interrupts. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU saves its context and executes an interrupt handling routine that calls the appropriate interrupt service routine to handle the interrupt before resuming the original process.
3 4- computer organization and archietecture- COA- CO- Computer organization
This document summarizes key aspects of computer organization, specifically microprogrammed control units. It discusses:
1) The two major types of control units - hardwired and microprogrammed. Microprogrammed control units store control information in a control memory that can be updated, while hardwired units have fixed wiring that is difficult to modify.
2) Control words stored in the control memory that specify microoperations. The control unit executes microinstructions from the control memory to perform the necessary microoperations.
3) Components of a microprogrammed control unit including the control memory, control address register, control data register, and next-address generator or sequencer.
4) Methods for sequencing micro
Microinstruction sequencing new
The document describes the components and functioning of a microprogram sequencer. The microprogram sequencer selects the next address from various sources like the current microinstruction address field, an incremented address, or an external source. It uses multiplexers and registers to select the appropriate next address and load it into the control address register to fetch the next microinstruction from memory. The input logic determines the types of operations the sequencer can perform, such as branching, subroutine calls and returns, and other address sequencing functions.
Addressing sequencing
The document discusses address sequencing in a microprogram control unit. It begins by defining key terms like control address register, which stores the initial address of the first microinstruction. It then explains that the next address generator is responsible for selecting the next address from control memory based on the current microinstruction. Microinstructions are stored in control memory in groups that make up routines corresponding to each machine instruction. The document also discusses control memory, hardwired control vs microprogrammed control, and examples of next address generation and status bits.
Control unit design(1)
The document discusses control unit design in processors. It describes that the control unit is responsible for generating control and timing signals to synchronize internal and external events. It discusses two approaches to control unit design: hardwired and microprogramming. The hardwired approach is faster but more complex, while the microprogrammed approach is more flexible but slower. It also explains finite state machines are used to represent the control unit and discusses factors that influence control unit complexity.
Control Units : Microprogrammed and Hardwired:control unit
The document discusses control units in CPUs. There are two main methods for implementing control units: hardwired and microprogrammed. A hardwired control unit generates control signals through circuitry using logic gates, while a microprogrammed control unit generates control signals by executing a stored microprogram. Overall, hardwired control units are faster but less flexible, while microprogrammed control units are slower but more flexible and modifiable.
Unit 2 ca- control unit
The document discusses different types of control systems for CPUs, including hardwired and microprogrammed control. It explains that microprogrammed control uses sequences of microinstructions stored in memory to interpret instructions, allowing for more flexibility than hardwired control. The execute cycle is categorized into four groups of actions: CPU-memory transfers, CPU-I/O transfers, data processing, and control alterations. Microinstructions are organized into fields that activate control signals, and the main concerns in microinstruction sequencing design are microinstruction size and address generation time.
Micro Programmed Control Unit
This slide provide the content related to the control unit available in computer, It give some detail about the micro programmed control unit
Program control
Program control instructions can change the program counter to alter the flow of code execution. Conditional branch instructions and subroutine calls change the program counter based on status bit conditions or function needs. When an interrupt occurs internally or externally, the CPU handles it through fetch, decode and execute operations to switch to supervisor mode and service the interrupt.
Micro programmed control
The control signals needed in each step of intruction execution can be generated by the finite state machine method, also called hardwired control, or, alternatively, by the microprogrammed control method discussed below.
Basic Concepts of Microprogramming:
Control word (CW):
A word with each bit for one of the control signals. Each step of the instruction execution is represented by a control word with all of the bits corresponding to the control signals needed for the step set to one.
Microinstruction:
Each step in a sequence of steps in the execution of a certain machine instruction is considered as a microinstruction, and it is represented by a control word. All of the bits corresponding to the control signals that need to be asserted in this step are set to 1, and all others are set to 0 (horizontal organization).
Microprogram:
Composed of a sequence of microinstructions corresponding to the sequence of steps in the execution of a given machine instruction.
Microprogramming:
The method of generating the control signals by properly setting the individual bits in a control word of a step.
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
This work presents a fast response and stable computer based a brushed DC motor speed controller. The controller configured of gate drive circuits for H-Bridge accompanied with data acquisition unit DAQ-6211. These gate drive circuits include, phase comparator, current booster and wave forms cleaning circuits. An optical encoder is used for motor speed to frequency conversion. The CD4046 PLL chip compares phases of the encoder output frequency (motor speed) with a reference frequency (desired speed). The obtained phase difference (error) is used to allocate the suitable PWM duty cycles. An H-Bridge BJT switches driven by PWM is interfaced with the motor. The system hardware is provided with a simple and accurate data acquisition unit DAQ-6211 to be interfaced with the LabVIEW software Package. This allows monitoring and storing the different measured data of this platform. The system relative stability is determined and examined based on the Bode plot analysis and design. Then the relative stability criterion (Phase Margin) is measured the closed-loop stability of the system. This system considers the fast feedback response with indication of its stability state as well as the stable wide dynamic range. It compensates the changes in system parameters due to the environmental effects and other disturbances.Microprogram Control
A microprogrammed control unit stores control signals for executing instructions in a control memory rather than using dedicated logic. It has four main components: 1) a control memory that stores microinstructions specifying microoperations, 2) a control address register that selects microinstructions, 3) a sequencer that generates the next address, and 4) a pipeline register that holds the selected microinstruction. Microprograms are sequences of microinstructions that are executed to carry out machine-level instructions. Microinstructions can implement conditional branching to alter the control flow.
Lecture 36
This document provides an overview of input/output organization and various input/output techniques including peripheral devices, input-output interfaces, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer such as programmed I/O, interrupt-initiated I/O, and direct memory access. It also discusses universal asynchronous receiver transmitter chips, first-in first-out buffers, and compares different modes of transfer including their advantages and disadvantages.
MicroProgrammed Explained .
MICROPROGRAMMED
-> CONTROL UNIT IMPLEMENTATION
-> What Is Control Unit ??
-> Hardwire
-> Microprogrammed
-> Hardwire Vs Microprogrammed
-> Microprogrammed Control Unit
-> Micro-Operations
-> Control Memory
-> Microprogrammed Control Organization
-> Microprogram Routines
-> Conditional Branching
-> Mapping Of Instruction
-> Address Sequencing
-> Micro-Program Example
-> Micro-Instruction Format
-> Microinstruction Fields
-> Symbolic Microinstruction
Computer Organization
The document compares and contrasts hardwired control units and microprogrammed control units in computers. It describes a basic computer with a data path section and control section. Hardwired control units use a ring counter, instruction decoder, and control matrix to generate control signals based on the instruction opcode. Microprogrammed control units store sequences of microinstructions that implement machine instructions as microroutines in a internal control memory. The control unit then fetches the microinstructions to control the data path.
Microprogrammed Control Unit
(Ref : Computer System Architecture by Morris Mano 3rd edition) : Microprogrammed Control unit, micro instructions, micro operations, symbolic and binary microprogram.
basic computer programming and micro programmed control
The document discusses microprogrammed control unit implementation. It describes that a microprogrammed control unit uses microinstructions stored in read-only control memory to generate control signals for executing microoperations. Each computer instruction is mapped to a routine in control memory containing a sequence of microinstructions. The microinstructions include fields that specify microoperations to perform and the address of the next microinstruction. A control address register holds the address of the current microinstruction, and a next address generator determines the next address based on branching conditions.
Control Unit Design
This topic describes about hardwired and microprogrammed control unit design methodology. Also it focuses on microinstruction types, RISC and CISC.
control unit
The document discusses control units in basic computers. It describes hardwired control and microprogrammed control. Hardwired control generates signals using logic gates while microprogrammed control stores control information in a control memory. The control unit initiates sequential microoperations from the control memory. It consists of decoders, counters, and control logic. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are also summarized for different data types.
Motor protecto’s EMC design based on DSPIC single chip microcomputer control
The document discusses electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design for a motor protector control system using a DSPIC single-chip microcomputer. It proposes designs at both the hardware and software levels to reduce electromagnetic interference. At the hardware level, it describes a four-layer printed circuit board structure, filtering circuits, and shielding techniques. At the software level, it discusses digital filtering, instruction redundancy, software traps, and watchdog timers to improve EMC performance. The goal is to make the motor protector control system more accurate and reliable in its operating environment.
Mais procurados (20)
3 4- computer organization and archietecture- COA- CO- Computer organization
3 4- computer organization and archietecture- COA- CO- Computer organization
Control Units : Microprogrammed and Hardwired:control unit
Control Units : Microprogrammed and Hardwired:control unit
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...
Relative stability enhancement for brushed DC motor using a PLL interfaced wi...
basic computer programming and micro programmed control
basic computer programming and micro programmed control
Motor protecto’s EMC design based on DSPIC single chip microcomputer control
Motor protecto’s EMC design based on DSPIC single chip microcomputer control
Semelhante a Departments of telecommunication
MSIP report
LM Ericsson is a leading telecommunications equipment manufacturer, providing mobile systems solutions and end-to-end network solutions to operators. The author completed an internship at Ericsson where they learned about technical and corporate skills while helping to upgrade the software on 2000 network nodes in Bangladesh. They gained experience in fields maintenance and saw first-hand how Ericsson maintains high quality networks for its customers.
Umts explained
This presentation describes about UMTS major components Key features, NodeB, RNC, GGSN,MSC, SGSN,VLR,HLR, Charging function, UMTS base stations and info about UMTS number allocated for MS.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processes
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
Radio Optimization In Telco - Part 2
Webinar topic: Radio Optimization In Telco
Presenter: Achmad Mardiansyah, Yoyok Dwi Parindra
In this webinar series, Radio Optimization In Telco
Please share your feedback or webinar ideas here: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback
Check our schedule for future events: https://www.glcnetworks.com/en/schedule/
Follow our social media for updates: Facebook, Instagram, YouTube Channel, and telegram also discord
Recording available on Youtube
https://youtu.be/M0sAMZHqziA
SCFT-Training_v8.2-1
The document provides information about conducting a Single Cell Functional Test (SCFT) procedure. It outlines the objectives of the SCFT, which are to understand how to perform the test and understand the workflow management system. It describes who should attend the training, including field engineers, drive test engineers, and area managers. The agenda covers topics like the SCFT process, preparations required, the drive test, using the testing tools, and important notes.
Samsung_EnodeLSMR__Integration_Module__V1.pdf (1).pdf
The document provides an overview of the agenda and content for a training on Samsung eNodeB integration and commissioning. Day 2 focuses on Samsung eNodeB and LSMR (LTE Site Manager - Radio) basics, as well as the process for growing and integrating eNodeBs. Key topics covered include the hardware and software architecture of Samsung eNodeBs and LSMRs, as well as their functions and interfaces. The training will also cover configuring and activating eNodeBs using the LSMR system, as well as performing automatic neighbor relations and cell optimization functions.
Self Organizing Network
This document discusses Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and its features in LTE networks. It describes the key drivers for SON in LTE including reducing manual intervention, improving performance and user experience. The main SON features covered are self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Specific use cases explained include PCI planning, ANR, MRO and energy savings. The LTE SON framework and architecture specified by 3GPP is also summarized.
Telecommunication
The document provides information on the different departments in the telecommunication industry and their roles. It discusses the RF transmission, BSS, MSC, OMC-R, and VAS departments. It then describes the functions of RF planning, survey, BSS installation and commissioning, mobile switching centers, operation and maintenance centers, and value added services. Finally, it summarizes the purpose of drive testing in telecommunications which is to collect data on unsuccessful handovers, low quality audio, and dropped calls to analyze network problems.
Lte principle
LTE specifications support the use of multiple antennas at both transmitter (tx) and receiver (rx). MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
Output) uses this antenna configuration.
LTE specifications support up to 4 antennas at the tx side and up to 4 antennas at the rx side (here referred to as 4x4 MIMO
configuration).
In the first release of LTE it is likely that the UE only has 1 tx antenna, even if it uses 2 rx antennas. This leads to that so called
Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO) will be supported only in DL (and maximum 2x2 configuration).
Initial tuning umts (2)
The document discusses initial tuning, which is an integral part of the radio network design process. It aims to ensure the radio network performs according to the design before commercial service. Key activities include preparation, drive testing, analysis, implementing changes, and reporting. The initial tuning process involves assessing aspects like parameter consistency, coverage, interference, neighbor relations and more to optimize network performance.
Interworking wcdma to lte
The document discusses interworking between WCDMA and LTE networks. It describes cell reselection procedures where a UE camping on a UMTS cell can reselect to an LTE cell based on priorities broadcast in system information. The UE performs measurements of LTE frequencies and reselects to a cell with higher priority if thresholds are met. Parameters for controlling cell reselection are configured using managed object models. The document also discusses PS redirections and handovers between the networks.
Wirleless communicatrion notes for 8th sem EC -unit 2
This document discusses common components of cellular networks. It describes the main components as the mobile station (MS), base station system (BSS) including the radio base station (RBS) and base station controller (BSC), and the network switching system (NSS) including the mobile switching center (MSC). The BSS handles radio interface functions and connectivity to the MSC. The MSC is responsible for call routing and mobility management. Other components discussed include the visitor location register (VLR), home location register (HLR), transcoder controller (TRC) and signaling system 7 (SS7).
Operating Procedure Manual for Transmission And Security Desk
Purpose
This procedure provides the System Operator assigned to the Transmission and Security Desk with detailed procedures required for performing duties assigned to that position.
The Transmission and Security Operator shall ensure that the transmission system is operated so that instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outage will not occur as a result of the most severe single Contingency. The Transmission and Security Operator directs ERCOT Transmission Operators or other Market Participants as required while maintaining or restoring the security/reliability of the ERCOT System.
1.2 Scope
The instructions contained in this procedure are limited to those required for the Transmission and Security Desk. Instructions for other ERCOT control room positions are contained in separate procedures, one for each position. This procedure does not imply that the duties contained herein are the only duties to be performed by this position. The individual assigned to this position will be required to follow any other instructions and to perform any other duties as required or requested by appropriate ERCOT supervision. Although the steps within the procedures are numbered, the numbering is for indexing purposes and are not sequential in nature. The system operator will determine the sequence of steps, exclude steps, or take any additional actions required to ensure system security based on the information and situational awareness available during both normal and emergency conditions.
1.3 Roles/Responsibilities
ERCOT System Operator, Transmission & Security Desk
The ERCOT System Operator – Transmission and Security Desk position represents the following NERC functional entities collectively for the ERCOT ISO at any time:
• Reliability Coordinator
• Balancing Authority
• Transmission Operator
• Interchange Coordinator
This representation includes the responsibility and clear decision making authority during normal and emergency conditions to direct and implement real-time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the ERCOT electric system. These actions shall include shedding of firm load to prevent or alleviate System Operating Limit
PROJECT 2016-2017
The document discusses the implementation and maintenance of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem) system for GSM, CDMA, and 3G networks. It provides information on Tata Docomo as a telecom service provider in India and the products and services it offers. The objective of the project is to implement BSS sites and maintain them using a Network Management Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. It then covers basic BSS concepts, the concept of maintenance, a process flow diagram for project rollout, an example of link budget calculations, common maintenance issues and how to address them, limitations, findings, and recommendations.
Machine Learning Based Session Drop Prediction in LTE Networks and its SON As...
Abnormal bearer session release (i.e. bearer session drop) in cellular telecommunication networks may seriously impact the quality of experience of mobile users. The latest mobile technologies enable high granularity real-time reporting of all conditions of individual sessions, which gives rise to use data analytics methods to process and monetize this data for network optimization. One such example for analytics is Machine Learning (ML) to predict session drops well before the end of session.
Mobile cellular-telecommunication-system-revised
Caller identification allows the called mobile station to display the phone number of the calling party.
2. Short Message Service (SMS) allows users to send and receive text messages to and from other mobile phones or fixed phones.
3. Facsimile (fax) services allow users to send and receive fax messages to and from other fax machines through their mobile phones.
GSM_SANAT_Ppt
I attached the Ppt of GSM system, this PowerPoint slides is useful for those who want to know in-depth GSM system.
WN UNIT 3 new.pptx
1) 3G networks use UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) architecture with Radio Network Subsystems (RNS) consisting of Node B base stations and Radio Network Controllers (RNC).
2) The RNC controls radio resources and handles user data traffic between the UTRAN and core network (CN), while Node B terminates the radio channels.
3) The UTRAN is connected to the CN via the Iu interface, which has separate planes for radio network control, transport network control, and user data. The CN provides both circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
Real Time Vehicle Tracking System
In this project we are going to make an embedded system which will help to provide protection against theft. This system will send the data to the user who want to track the vehicle showing the using position of vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude. Most of the people know that GPS is more secure but they don’t apply because it is expensive. This design is needed for the real time location of the vehicle. It changes the microcontroller P89V51RD2 interfaces with various hardware peripheries this uncontrolled interfaces serially with GSM modem and GPS receiver.
Manage LTE RAN Synchronization.pdf
This document provides an overview of synchronization in LTE RAN networks. It describes how synchronization is used to align radio equipment clocks, enabling functions like cell search, radio link monitoring, and carrier frequency generation. Precise synchronization is needed for features like carrier aggregation. The document outlines the different clock states and how they impact cell availability and operation. It also discusses methods for achieving frequency, time, and phase synchronization using references from GNSS, PTP, or synchronous Ethernet.
Semelhante a Departments of telecommunication (20)
Samsung_EnodeLSMR__Integration_Module__V1.pdf (1).pdf
Samsung_EnodeLSMR__Integration_Module__V1.pdf (1).pdf
Wirleless communicatrion notes for 8th sem EC -unit 2
Wirleless communicatrion notes for 8th sem EC -unit 2
Operating Procedure Manual for Transmission And Security Desk
Operating Procedure Manual for Transmission And Security Desk
Machine Learning Based Session Drop Prediction in LTE Networks and its SON As...
Machine Learning Based Session Drop Prediction in LTE Networks and its SON As...
Último
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays, June 2024 with Maria Copot 20
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Departments of telecommunication
- 3. RF Survey (1/2) A process of identifying the cell site location. To get the basic knowledge of the site.
- 5. RF Planning (1/2) This department deals with planning of Cell sites, Frequency planning and Parameter Planning on Different tools like MapInfo, ATOLL and Mcom.
- 7. RF Drive Testing (1/3) An Engineer doing Drive Testing is named as Drive Test Engineer as he need to test a particular cell for overshooting by locking the frequency and once the frequency is locked he needs to do drive test in dedicated mode.
- 8. RF Drive Testing (2/3)
- 9. RF Drive Testing (3/3)
- 10. Operation and Maintenance Center It houses the centralized Network Management System that monitors and manages each component of the network to ensure that the network and the services it offers are available at all the times.
- 11. Operation and Maintenance Center
- 12. Transmission
- 15. Base Station Subsystem Base Station Subsystem Department works with OMCR. After they get to know about the alarms on the site engineers go there and rectify it. Every zone has a BSS engineer. It is also responsible for BTS and BSC installation and commissioning.
- 16. Network Switching Subsystem Network Switching Sub System consists of two things: MSC OMC-R
- 17. Mobile Switching Center Mobile switching center is the central heart of a telecom network. It controls all the switching functions and Engineers in this departments are responsible to handle the proper functioning of MSC and its nodes
- 18. IN/VAS Value Added Service department is responsible for planning and performance of value added services(for those we have to pay extra money) like GPRS, CRBT and SMS. Intelligent Network department deals with prepaid services and Online charging system.