This program takes an integer as input from the user, squares that number using a*a, and outputs the squared value. The program demonstrates how to calculate the square of an integer number entered by the user through a simple C++ program that multiples the input value by itself and displays the result.
The document discusses different types of addressing modes used in computer architecture. It describes register addressing, register indirect addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing, indirect addressing, implicit addressing, relative addressing, indexed addressing, and auto-increment/decrement addressing. Addressing modes specify the location of operands in instructions in different ways, such as using registers, memory addresses, or implicit values. Understanding addressing modes is important as different instruction sets and processors support various modes.
The document discusses the steps involved in executing a program written in language L. These steps include translation, linking, relocation, and loading. The translator outputs an object module, which contains program code, relocation tables, and linking tables. The linker processes multiple object modules, relocating addresses and resolving external references to produce an executable binary program. It builds a name table containing symbols and their loaded addresses. This allows the linker to modify address operands to point to the correct memory locations for program execution.
This document provides an overview of the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It begins by defining what an instruction is and the classification of the 8085 instruction set. It then proceeds to describe various data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions in detail through opcode, operands, examples, and before/after execution illustrations. The document aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the complete set of 246 instructions supported by the 8085 microprocessor.
1. The document discusses basic programming of the 8085 microprocessor. It covers the different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages.
2. The 8085 instruction set is classified into different groups like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branch, and machine control instructions. Common instructions like MOV, ADD, SUB, and CALL are described.
3. The document provides examples of 8085 programs and instructions to load data, perform arithmetic operations, manage the stack, handle I/O, and control program flow. It also discusses assembler format and use of registers like the accumulator, flag register, and stack pointer.
Memory reference instructions used in computer architecture is well demonstrated with examples. It will probably help you understand each referencing instructions.
Addressing mode & data transfer instruction of 8085Chinmayee samal
The document discusses addressing modes and data transfer instructions of the 8085 microprocessor. It defines addressing modes as the various ways of specifying operands in an instruction. The 8085 supports direct, register, indirect, immediate, and implied addressing modes. It then explains each data transfer instruction in detail, including MOV, MVI, LDA, LHLD, STA, XCHG, PUSH and POP. The instructions are used to move data between registers and memory in the microprocessor.
The document discusses machine instruction characteristics and instruction sets. It begins by describing the typical elements of a machine instruction, which include an operation code, source operand reference(s), result operand reference, and next instruction reference. It then discusses the types of locations that can hold operands, including memory, registers, immediate values, and I/O devices. The document provides examples of instructions with different numbers of addresses (zero, one, two, and three addresses) and how programs can be written using each type. Overall, the document provides an overview of the essential components of machine instructions and instruction sets.
This program takes an integer as input from the user, squares that number using a*a, and outputs the squared value. The program demonstrates how to calculate the square of an integer number entered by the user through a simple C++ program that multiples the input value by itself and displays the result.
The document discusses different types of addressing modes used in computer architecture. It describes register addressing, register indirect addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing, indirect addressing, implicit addressing, relative addressing, indexed addressing, and auto-increment/decrement addressing. Addressing modes specify the location of operands in instructions in different ways, such as using registers, memory addresses, or implicit values. Understanding addressing modes is important as different instruction sets and processors support various modes.
The document discusses the steps involved in executing a program written in language L. These steps include translation, linking, relocation, and loading. The translator outputs an object module, which contains program code, relocation tables, and linking tables. The linker processes multiple object modules, relocating addresses and resolving external references to produce an executable binary program. It builds a name table containing symbols and their loaded addresses. This allows the linker to modify address operands to point to the correct memory locations for program execution.
This document provides an overview of the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It begins by defining what an instruction is and the classification of the 8085 instruction set. It then proceeds to describe various data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions in detail through opcode, operands, examples, and before/after execution illustrations. The document aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the complete set of 246 instructions supported by the 8085 microprocessor.
1. The document discusses basic programming of the 8085 microprocessor. It covers the different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages.
2. The 8085 instruction set is classified into different groups like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branch, and machine control instructions. Common instructions like MOV, ADD, SUB, and CALL are described.
3. The document provides examples of 8085 programs and instructions to load data, perform arithmetic operations, manage the stack, handle I/O, and control program flow. It also discusses assembler format and use of registers like the accumulator, flag register, and stack pointer.
Memory reference instructions used in computer architecture is well demonstrated with examples. It will probably help you understand each referencing instructions.
Addressing mode & data transfer instruction of 8085Chinmayee samal
The document discusses addressing modes and data transfer instructions of the 8085 microprocessor. It defines addressing modes as the various ways of specifying operands in an instruction. The 8085 supports direct, register, indirect, immediate, and implied addressing modes. It then explains each data transfer instruction in detail, including MOV, MVI, LDA, LHLD, STA, XCHG, PUSH and POP. The instructions are used to move data between registers and memory in the microprocessor.
The document discusses machine instruction characteristics and instruction sets. It begins by describing the typical elements of a machine instruction, which include an operation code, source operand reference(s), result operand reference, and next instruction reference. It then discusses the types of locations that can hold operands, including memory, registers, immediate values, and I/O devices. The document provides examples of instructions with different numbers of addresses (zero, one, two, and three addresses) and how programs can be written using each type. Overall, the document provides an overview of the essential components of machine instructions and instruction sets.
This document discusses machine instruction characteristics and elements. It provides details on:
- Machine instructions contain operation codes that specify operations, and may involve source and result operands located in registers, memory, I/O devices, or as immediate values.
- Common instruction types include data processing, data storage, data movement, and control instructions.
- Operands can be numbers, characters, or logical data. Common operations include data transfer, arithmetic, logical, conversion, I/O, system control, and transfer of control.
- Assembly language provides symbolic names for instructions and operands for easier programming compared to binary machine code. Addressing modes specify locations of operands and include register, immediate, direct memory, direct
4bit pc report[cse 08-section-b2_group-02]shibbirtanvin
The document describes the design and implementation of a 4-bit very simple computer system as an assignment. Key aspects of the design include a 2-stage pipeline with separate fetch and execution units, Harvard architecture with separate instruction and data memory, and a microprogrammed control unit. The computer is designed to execute 28 instructions from an assigned instruction set in an efficient manner using as few clock cycles and chips as possible.
The document discusses seven different memory reference instructions used in a computer system. The instructions include AND to AC, ADD to AC, LDA, STA, BUN, BSA, and ISZ. Each instruction requires a sequence of microoperations to read data from memory into a register, perform the operation, and update registers or memory. For example, the LDA instruction reads the memory word specified by the effective address into the data register in T4, then transfers this value to the accumulator in T5 before clearing the sequence counter.
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which is part of computer architecture related to programming. It defines the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, and other low-level aspects of a computer's operation. Well-known ISAs include x86, ARM, MIPS, and RISC. A good ISA lasts through many implementations, supports a variety of uses, and provides convenient functions while permitting efficient implementation. Assembly language is used to program at the level of an ISA's registers, instructions, and execution order.
This document discusses computer programming at the assembly language level. It covers topics like machine language, assembly language, assemblers, program loops, arithmetic and logic operations, subroutines, and I/O programming. It provides examples of assembly language programs for tasks like adding numbers, multiplying integers, and input/output of characters. Key concepts explained include machine code, symbolic code, assembler passes, pseudo-instructions, program loops, double-precision arithmetic, logic operations, shift operations, and subroutine calls.
The document discusses the major components and organization of the central processing unit (CPU). It describes the CPU as consisting of storage components like registers and flags, execution components like the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for arithmetic and logical operations, transfer components like the bus, and control components like the control unit. It provides details on register organization, bus organization, the operation of the control unit, the ALU, instruction formats, addressing modes, and different types of CPU organization including single accumulator, general register, and stack organizations.
This document discusses instruction set and assembly language programming. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes for understanding instruction sets and writing simple assembly language programs. It then defines key concepts like instruction set, machine language, and assembly language. It provides examples of assembly language instructions and their effects. The document aims to explain the fundamentals of instruction sets and assembly language programming.
Floating point ALU using VHDL implemented on FPGAAzhar Syed
Description: An arithmetic unit based on IEEE754 single precision standard for floating point numbers has been targeted to implement on Spartan-6 XC6SLX45 FPGA Board. The hardware description language used to program the FPGA chip was VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language). The arithmetic unit implemented has a 32- bit processing unit which allowed limited arithmetic operations such as addition, Subtraction, multiplication and division. The overall coding style used was behavioural modelling synthesis and simulations were done and observed in Xilinx 14.7 and modelsim SE 6.4 version respectively. The final outcome of project revealed that proposed arithmetic unit was able to handle maximum frequency of 126.004 MHz (i.e. Minimum period of 7.936ns).
B.sc cs-ii-u-3.1-basic computer programming and micro programmed controlRai University
1. The document discusses basic computer programming concepts and their relation to hardware instruction sets. It introduces an instruction set for a basic computer and describes machine language, assembly language, and the translation process from symbolic to binary code using an assembler.
2. It provides an example assembly language program to subtract two numbers and explains loops in programs using a Fortran example to add 100 numbers.
3. Programming techniques for arithmetic and logic operations like multiplication and double precision addition are demonstrated through examples.
This document outlines the basics of assembly language, including basic elements, statements, program data, variables, constants, instructions, translation to assembly language, and program structure. It discusses statement syntax, valid names, operation and operand fields. It also covers common instructions like MOV, ADD, SUB, INC, DEC, and NEG. Finally, it discusses program segments, memory models, and how to define the data, stack, and code segments.
This document discusses computer instructions and addressing modes. It defines an instruction as consisting of an opcode and address. Common instructions like LOAD, STORE, ADD, and SUB are described. Addressing modes like immediate, direct, indirect, register, and displacement are explained with diagrams. Factors that influence instruction set design like instruction length, encoding schemes, and addressing modes are covered at a high level. The goal is to optimize for speed of fetching and decoding instructions while supporting required functionality.
Bca 2nd sem-u-3.1-basic computer programming and micro programmed controlRai University
The document discusses basic computer programming and microprogrammed control. It introduces basic programming concepts and their relation to hardware instruction representation. It then provides details on:
1. The instruction set of a basic computer including operations like AND, ADD, LDA, STA, etc.
2. The hierarchy of programming languages from low-level machine language to high-level languages like C++.
3. Details on assembly language including symbolic addressing, memory reference vs non-memory reference instructions, and pseudo instructions.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
1. A basic MIPS implementation is described that contains only memory-reference, arithmetic-logical, and control flow instructions. It uses a program counter to fetch instructions from memory and reads register operands before using the ALU.
2. A multicycle implementation is proposed that shares functional units like the ALU and registers across different instruction types by using multiplexers. It breaks instruction execution into stages like fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.
3. The control unit for this implementation can be designed using a finite state machine or microprogramming. It defines signals to control multiplexers and functional units on each clock cycle to implement the pipeline.
This document discusses the different addressing modes in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes 5 addressing modes - register, direct, indirect, immediate and indexed addressing modes. Register addressing involves data transfer between registers. Direct addressing specifies the memory location directly in the instruction. Indirect addressing uses a register to hold the address of the operand. Immediate addressing uses a constant value as the source operand. Indexed addressing adds a register value to the base address held in another register to access memory locations. Examples are provided for each addressing mode to illustrate their usage.
This document provides an algorithm and flowchart manual for students. It begins with an introduction to algorithms and flowcharts, explaining that they are useful tools for learning programming and problem solving. The manual then covers basics of algorithms including characteristics, writing steps, and control structures. It also covers flowchart symbols and advantages. Several examples of algorithms and flowcharts are provided, such as calculating sums, converting temperatures, and finding area and perimeter of shapes. The manual aims to help students learn algorithms and flowcharts.
A half adder is a combinational circuit that performs addition of two binary inputs and has two binary outputs. A full adder performs the addition of three bits, including two input bits and a previous carry bit, and has three inputs and two outputs. Two half adders can be combined using exclusive-OR and AND gates to form a full adder, which is commonly used as a component in cascading adders to add larger binary numbers like 8 or 16 bits.
Digital Fundamentals (Decimal to Binary Conversion)
First Year Computer Science Dept.
First Semester
Video Links:
Part-1: https://youtu.be/H1JD_2u3upM
Part-2: https://youtu.be/TugCQhtBvTo
This document discusses machine instruction characteristics and elements. It provides details on:
- Machine instructions contain operation codes that specify operations, and may involve source and result operands located in registers, memory, I/O devices, or as immediate values.
- Common instruction types include data processing, data storage, data movement, and control instructions.
- Operands can be numbers, characters, or logical data. Common operations include data transfer, arithmetic, logical, conversion, I/O, system control, and transfer of control.
- Assembly language provides symbolic names for instructions and operands for easier programming compared to binary machine code. Addressing modes specify locations of operands and include register, immediate, direct memory, direct
4bit pc report[cse 08-section-b2_group-02]shibbirtanvin
The document describes the design and implementation of a 4-bit very simple computer system as an assignment. Key aspects of the design include a 2-stage pipeline with separate fetch and execution units, Harvard architecture with separate instruction and data memory, and a microprogrammed control unit. The computer is designed to execute 28 instructions from an assigned instruction set in an efficient manner using as few clock cycles and chips as possible.
The document discusses seven different memory reference instructions used in a computer system. The instructions include AND to AC, ADD to AC, LDA, STA, BUN, BSA, and ISZ. Each instruction requires a sequence of microoperations to read data from memory into a register, perform the operation, and update registers or memory. For example, the LDA instruction reads the memory word specified by the effective address into the data register in T4, then transfers this value to the accumulator in T5 before clearing the sequence counter.
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which is part of computer architecture related to programming. It defines the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, and other low-level aspects of a computer's operation. Well-known ISAs include x86, ARM, MIPS, and RISC. A good ISA lasts through many implementations, supports a variety of uses, and provides convenient functions while permitting efficient implementation. Assembly language is used to program at the level of an ISA's registers, instructions, and execution order.
This document discusses computer programming at the assembly language level. It covers topics like machine language, assembly language, assemblers, program loops, arithmetic and logic operations, subroutines, and I/O programming. It provides examples of assembly language programs for tasks like adding numbers, multiplying integers, and input/output of characters. Key concepts explained include machine code, symbolic code, assembler passes, pseudo-instructions, program loops, double-precision arithmetic, logic operations, shift operations, and subroutine calls.
The document discusses the major components and organization of the central processing unit (CPU). It describes the CPU as consisting of storage components like registers and flags, execution components like the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for arithmetic and logical operations, transfer components like the bus, and control components like the control unit. It provides details on register organization, bus organization, the operation of the control unit, the ALU, instruction formats, addressing modes, and different types of CPU organization including single accumulator, general register, and stack organizations.
This document discusses instruction set and assembly language programming. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes for understanding instruction sets and writing simple assembly language programs. It then defines key concepts like instruction set, machine language, and assembly language. It provides examples of assembly language instructions and their effects. The document aims to explain the fundamentals of instruction sets and assembly language programming.
Floating point ALU using VHDL implemented on FPGAAzhar Syed
Description: An arithmetic unit based on IEEE754 single precision standard for floating point numbers has been targeted to implement on Spartan-6 XC6SLX45 FPGA Board. The hardware description language used to program the FPGA chip was VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language). The arithmetic unit implemented has a 32- bit processing unit which allowed limited arithmetic operations such as addition, Subtraction, multiplication and division. The overall coding style used was behavioural modelling synthesis and simulations were done and observed in Xilinx 14.7 and modelsim SE 6.4 version respectively. The final outcome of project revealed that proposed arithmetic unit was able to handle maximum frequency of 126.004 MHz (i.e. Minimum period of 7.936ns).
B.sc cs-ii-u-3.1-basic computer programming and micro programmed controlRai University
1. The document discusses basic computer programming concepts and their relation to hardware instruction sets. It introduces an instruction set for a basic computer and describes machine language, assembly language, and the translation process from symbolic to binary code using an assembler.
2. It provides an example assembly language program to subtract two numbers and explains loops in programs using a Fortran example to add 100 numbers.
3. Programming techniques for arithmetic and logic operations like multiplication and double precision addition are demonstrated through examples.
This document outlines the basics of assembly language, including basic elements, statements, program data, variables, constants, instructions, translation to assembly language, and program structure. It discusses statement syntax, valid names, operation and operand fields. It also covers common instructions like MOV, ADD, SUB, INC, DEC, and NEG. Finally, it discusses program segments, memory models, and how to define the data, stack, and code segments.
This document discusses computer instructions and addressing modes. It defines an instruction as consisting of an opcode and address. Common instructions like LOAD, STORE, ADD, and SUB are described. Addressing modes like immediate, direct, indirect, register, and displacement are explained with diagrams. Factors that influence instruction set design like instruction length, encoding schemes, and addressing modes are covered at a high level. The goal is to optimize for speed of fetching and decoding instructions while supporting required functionality.
Bca 2nd sem-u-3.1-basic computer programming and micro programmed controlRai University
The document discusses basic computer programming and microprogrammed control. It introduces basic programming concepts and their relation to hardware instruction representation. It then provides details on:
1. The instruction set of a basic computer including operations like AND, ADD, LDA, STA, etc.
2. The hierarchy of programming languages from low-level machine language to high-level languages like C++.
3. Details on assembly language including symbolic addressing, memory reference vs non-memory reference instructions, and pseudo instructions.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
1. A basic MIPS implementation is described that contains only memory-reference, arithmetic-logical, and control flow instructions. It uses a program counter to fetch instructions from memory and reads register operands before using the ALU.
2. A multicycle implementation is proposed that shares functional units like the ALU and registers across different instruction types by using multiplexers. It breaks instruction execution into stages like fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.
3. The control unit for this implementation can be designed using a finite state machine or microprogramming. It defines signals to control multiplexers and functional units on each clock cycle to implement the pipeline.
This document discusses the different addressing modes in 8051 microcontrollers. It describes 5 addressing modes - register, direct, indirect, immediate and indexed addressing modes. Register addressing involves data transfer between registers. Direct addressing specifies the memory location directly in the instruction. Indirect addressing uses a register to hold the address of the operand. Immediate addressing uses a constant value as the source operand. Indexed addressing adds a register value to the base address held in another register to access memory locations. Examples are provided for each addressing mode to illustrate their usage.
This document provides an algorithm and flowchart manual for students. It begins with an introduction to algorithms and flowcharts, explaining that they are useful tools for learning programming and problem solving. The manual then covers basics of algorithms including characteristics, writing steps, and control structures. It also covers flowchart symbols and advantages. Several examples of algorithms and flowcharts are provided, such as calculating sums, converting temperatures, and finding area and perimeter of shapes. The manual aims to help students learn algorithms and flowcharts.
A half adder is a combinational circuit that performs addition of two binary inputs and has two binary outputs. A full adder performs the addition of three bits, including two input bits and a previous carry bit, and has three inputs and two outputs. Two half adders can be combined using exclusive-OR and AND gates to form a full adder, which is commonly used as a component in cascading adders to add larger binary numbers like 8 or 16 bits.
Digital Fundamentals (Decimal to Binary Conversion)
First Year Computer Science Dept.
First Semester
Video Links:
Part-1: https://youtu.be/H1JD_2u3upM
Part-2: https://youtu.be/TugCQhtBvTo
The document outlines memory instructions and provides examples of assembly code that uses MOV instructions to:
1) Set three bytes of memory locations starting at 400h to the value FFh by moving FFh into each location individually.
2) Set the three bytes to FFh by moving the value FFh into the BL register and then into each memory location.
3) Set two bytes to FFh and one to FFFFh by using 16-bit and 8-bit registers.
This document discusses the MOV instruction in assembly language. It can move data between registers and memory locations. The MOV instruction allows copying data from one location to another, whether that be between registers, from a register to memory, or from an immediate value to a register. An example is provided that copies values between registers to demonstrate how the MOV instruction functions.
Smart home systems have gained importance nowadays owing to the various applications they provide to the users. Applications of smart home systems cover many aspects of our daily life and help to reduce the cost of living via controlling and managing home appliances as an example.
This document discusses the 80x86 microprocessor and its registers, assembly language programming using the MOV instruction, and the difference between logical and physical addresses. It covers basic concepts related to the 80x86 architecture like registers, assembly language, and memory addressing.
iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. that runs on Apple devices like iPhones and iPads. It is the second most popular mobile OS in the world after Android. iOS apps are programmed using languages like Objective C, C, and C++ and can be downloaded from the Apple App Store. iOS uses a layered architecture with a core OS layer, core services layer, and media layer. The core services layer provides technologies for things like iCloud storage, while the media layer enables graphics, audio, and video. iOS applications are contained within .ipa files that can be installed on iOS devices but not iOS simulators, which allow testing apps on Mac computers without real devices.
Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
The document discusses the three main types of mobile applications: native apps, web apps, and hybrid apps. Native apps are created for a specific platform using languages like Java and Swift, web apps can be accessed through a mobile browser using HTML and CSS, and hybrid apps combine web technologies with native platform APIs to provide a native app experience. Each type has advantages like performance, cost, and cross-platform use, as well as disadvantages around development complexity and platform dependence.
This code uses an ultrasonic sensor and buzzer to measure distance. It defines the trigger and echo pins for the ultrasonic sensor and the buzzer pin. In setup, it initializes the pins and Serial communication. In loop, it uses the ultrasonic sensor to measure distance, sounds the buzzer for distances between 10-30cm, and prints the distance to Serial.
Modulation involves combining a carrier signal with a message signal for transmission. There are three main types of analog modulation: frequency modulation, phase modulation, and amplitude modulation. Frequency modulation varies the carrier frequency based on the message signal frequency. It has good noise resistance but requires more complex receivers. Phase modulation varies the carrier phase based on the message signal amplitude. It has less interference but can cause phase ambiguity. Amplitude modulation varies the carrier amplitude based on the message signal, requiring simple circuits but more power. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications in radio, recording, and telecommunications.
The document discusses linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It explains that:
1) The response of an LTI system to any input can be found by convolving the system's impulse response with the input. This is done using a convolution sum in discrete time and a convolution integral in continuous time.
2) Discrete-time signals and continuous-time signals can both be represented as weighted sums or integrals of shifted impulse functions.
3) For LTI systems, the impulse responses are simply time-shifted versions of the same underlying function, allowing the system to be fully characterized by its impulse response.
1. The document discusses different types of systems based on their properties, including static vs dynamic, time-variant vs time-invariant, linear vs non-linear, causal vs non-causal, and stable vs unstable.
2. A system is defined as a physical device or algorithm that performs operations on a discrete-time signal. Static systems have outputs that depend only on the present input, while dynamic systems have outputs that depend on present and past/future inputs.
3. Time-invariant systems have characteristics that do not change over time, while time-variant systems have characteristics that do change. Linear systems follow the superposition principle, while causal systems have outputs dependent only on present and past inputs.
This document appears to be a thesis or research paper written by Jawaher A. Fadhil on the topic of computer engineering. It was written for a Master's degree program at the University of Duhok in Duhok, Iraq and covers various topics related to computer science from 2017-2018. The document contains numbered sections but no other identifying information about the specific content or conclusions.
The document discusses various signal functions used in engineering. It introduces the unit impulse function, which is zero everywhere except at t=0, where it has infinite height and zero width. The unit impulse function is often used as a "switch" to turn signals on and off. The step function is defined as the integral of the unit impulse function. The document then lists unit ramp function, unit rectangle function, exponential signals, and sinc signal but provides no further details about these functions.
This document provides an introduction to signals and systems. It defines key concepts such as:
- Signals can be continuous or discrete, and deterministic or random
- Systems operate on signals to produce responses
- Common signal types include periodic, even, odd, causal and anti-causal
- Signals can be analog, discrete-time, or digital depending on how values are represented over time
Key signal processing steps like sampling and quantization that convert between signal types are also outlined. The document aims to cover fundamental signal and system terminology.
Arduinos use serial ports for communicating with computers and other devices. The USB port of an Arduino is used for serial communication with a computer, with the added advantage that USB can also be used to power the device. USB also has the advantage of auto-configuring most of the parameters.
The document discusses push button switches and keypads. It provides instructions on how to connect a push button switch and keypad to an Arduino board. For a push button switch, it explains that internally the switch connects two contacts together when pressed to allow electricity to flow. It then gives code to control an LED based on the button press. For keypads, it explains their use in electronic devices for input and shows the row and column arrangement. It provides the components needed and code to read key presses from a 4x4 matrix keypad and display them on the serial monitor.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. ADD instruction
The ADD instruction has the following format:
ADD destination,source
The ADD instruction tells the CPU to add the source and the
destination operands and put the result in the destination.
Destination = Destination + Source
• The destination operand can be a register or a memory location.
• The source operand can be an immediate, a register, or a memory
location.
By: Jawaher A. Fadhil Computer Science Dept.
3. • Two memory operands cannot be used in one instruction.
• When an immediate value is used as an operand, it is sign-
extended to the length of the destination operand format.
ADD AL,1355H
ADD instruction
ADD [500],[502]
By: Jawaher A. Fadhil Computer Science Dept.
4. Example#1
To add two numbers such as 25H and 34H, each can be
moved to a register and then added together:
MOV AL,25h
MOV BL,34h
ADD AL,BL AL= 25H +34H
AL=59H BL=34H
By: Jawaher A. Fadhil Computer Science Dept.
5. Example#2
Write the Assembly language instructions to add the values
6BH and A8H. Place the result in register AX?
MOV AX,0000
MOV AL,6BH
ADD AL,A8
By: Jawaher A. Fadhil Computer Science Dept.
AL=AL+A8
6 B
+
A 8
HEX
0
1
2
.
.
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
3
1
1 1
AX= 00 13CF= 1
6.
7. Example#2
Write the Assembly language instructions to add the values
6BH and A8H. Place the result in register AX?
MOV AX,0000
MOV AL,6BH
ADD AX,A8
By: Jawaher A. Fadhil Computer Science Dept.
AX=AL+A8
6 B
+
A 8
3
1
1 1
AX= 01 13
CF= 0