This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using fuzzy logic to control various parameters in a greenhouse system, including temperature, humidity, light, soil moisture, and watering. It first provides background on greenhouse systems and fuzzy logic control. It then describes the proposed fuzzy logic control system, which uses sensors to measure various parameters and control devices like fans and vapor suppliers to regulate the environment based on setpoints. The document outlines mathematical models for balancing temperature, humidity, and light intensity in the greenhouse. It also provides parameter values used in the models and diagrams of the proposed fuzzy logic control system.
Two way ducting system using fuzzy logic control systemIAEME Publication
This document describes a two-way ducting system that uses fuzzy logic control. The system uses two ducts - a supply duct to deliver cool air from an air cooler to a room, and a return duct to ventilate room air back to the cooler. Temperature and humidity sensors provide input to a fuzzy logic controller. The controller uses 30 fuzzy rules to determine the speed of the cooler fan, water pump, and exhaust fan. Membership functions were defined for the input and output variables. The system was simulated in MATLAB. The two-way ducting system aims to maintain room temperature more efficiently by circulating air between the room and cooler, requiring lower speeds for the fan and pump compared to traditional single duct systems.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Control Based On the Temperature and Moisture, Using the Fuzzy Logic.IJERA Editor
This paper explains the design and implementation of an electronic system based on a for remote control of several experimental greenhouses. This system enables its user to consult the climatic parameters and to order the greenhouses sub-systems equipment’s by SMS. The climate Sensors are packaged using the electronic circuits, and the whole is being interfaced with maps of acquisitions (Arduino) via a radio frequency connection. These sensors provide information used for the control of ventilation, heating and water pumping by SMS. The acquisitions boards contain fuzzy controllers who manage the climate for local agricultural greenhouses. The procedure used in our system offers the operator an optimal control and monitoring without traveling to the place where the greenhouses are located, using his mobile phone, and being able to view at any moment the state of the greenhouse climate via the send and receive SMS function.
A fuzzy micro-climate controller for small indoor aeroponics systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Indonesian agricultural sector faces challenges producing affordably priced food using sustainable practices. A soilless cultural practice, such as indoor aeroponics, is a compelling alternative to conventional agriculture. The objective of the present study was to develop a system for micro-climate management in a pilot-scale indoor aeroponics system. For this purpose, three fuzzy logic controllers were developed and evaluated to maintain plant chamber parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) at desired set points controlled by embedded system controls designed using BASCOM-AVR software. The results showed that the fuzzy controllers provided excellent responses and experienced relatively low errors in all controlled parameters. All parameters changes followed the set point very smoothly and responded accordingly. The averaged percent of working times in which temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were maintained within less than ±1°C, ±5%, and ±30 lux from the set points were found to be 88.43%, 95.91%, and 85.51%, respectively.
This document presents a low-cost system for automatically monitoring and controlling the environment inside a greenhouse using IoT technology. The system uses sensors to monitor parameters like light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture and sends this data to a microcontroller connected to the cloud. When sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, control actions are taken to adjust devices like lights, fans, water sprayers, and pumps using relays. This creates a closed-loop system that monitors conditions in real-time and makes adjustments to maintain optimal growing conditions without human intervention, improving efficiency and crop yields.
Constrained discrete model predictive control of a greenhouse system temperatureIJECEIAES
In this paper, a constrained discete model predictive control (CDMPC) strategy for a greenhouse inside temperature is presented. To describe the dynamics of our system’s inside temperature, an experimental greenhouse prototype is engaged. For the mathematical modeling, a state space form which fits properly the acquired data of the greenhouse temperature dynamics is identified using the subspace system identification (N4sid) algorithm. The obtained model is used in order to develop the CDMPC starategy which role is to select the best control moves based on an optimization procedure under the constraints on the control notion. For efficient evaluation of the proposed control approach MATLAB/Simulink and Yalmip optimization toolbox are used for algorithm and blocks implementation. The simulation results confirm the accuracy of the controller that garantees both the control and the reference tracking objectives.
Two way ducting system using fuzzy logic control systemIAEME Publication
This document describes a two-way ducting system that uses fuzzy logic control. The system uses two ducts - a supply duct to deliver cool air from an air cooler to a room, and a return duct to ventilate room air back to the cooler. Temperature and humidity sensors provide input to a fuzzy logic controller. The controller uses 30 fuzzy rules to determine the speed of the cooler fan, water pump, and exhaust fan. Membership functions were defined for the input and output variables. The system was simulated in MATLAB. The two-way ducting system aims to maintain room temperature more efficiently by circulating air between the room and cooler, requiring lower speeds for the fan and pump compared to traditional single duct systems.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Control Based On the Temperature and Moisture, Using the Fuzzy Logic.IJERA Editor
This paper explains the design and implementation of an electronic system based on a for remote control of several experimental greenhouses. This system enables its user to consult the climatic parameters and to order the greenhouses sub-systems equipment’s by SMS. The climate Sensors are packaged using the electronic circuits, and the whole is being interfaced with maps of acquisitions (Arduino) via a radio frequency connection. These sensors provide information used for the control of ventilation, heating and water pumping by SMS. The acquisitions boards contain fuzzy controllers who manage the climate for local agricultural greenhouses. The procedure used in our system offers the operator an optimal control and monitoring without traveling to the place where the greenhouses are located, using his mobile phone, and being able to view at any moment the state of the greenhouse climate via the send and receive SMS function.
A fuzzy micro-climate controller for small indoor aeroponics systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Indonesian agricultural sector faces challenges producing affordably priced food using sustainable practices. A soilless cultural practice, such as indoor aeroponics, is a compelling alternative to conventional agriculture. The objective of the present study was to develop a system for micro-climate management in a pilot-scale indoor aeroponics system. For this purpose, three fuzzy logic controllers were developed and evaluated to maintain plant chamber parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) at desired set points controlled by embedded system controls designed using BASCOM-AVR software. The results showed that the fuzzy controllers provided excellent responses and experienced relatively low errors in all controlled parameters. All parameters changes followed the set point very smoothly and responded accordingly. The averaged percent of working times in which temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were maintained within less than ±1°C, ±5%, and ±30 lux from the set points were found to be 88.43%, 95.91%, and 85.51%, respectively.
This document presents a low-cost system for automatically monitoring and controlling the environment inside a greenhouse using IoT technology. The system uses sensors to monitor parameters like light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture and sends this data to a microcontroller connected to the cloud. When sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, control actions are taken to adjust devices like lights, fans, water sprayers, and pumps using relays. This creates a closed-loop system that monitors conditions in real-time and makes adjustments to maintain optimal growing conditions without human intervention, improving efficiency and crop yields.
Constrained discrete model predictive control of a greenhouse system temperatureIJECEIAES
In this paper, a constrained discete model predictive control (CDMPC) strategy for a greenhouse inside temperature is presented. To describe the dynamics of our system’s inside temperature, an experimental greenhouse prototype is engaged. For the mathematical modeling, a state space form which fits properly the acquired data of the greenhouse temperature dynamics is identified using the subspace system identification (N4sid) algorithm. The obtained model is used in order to develop the CDMPC starategy which role is to select the best control moves based on an optimization procedure under the constraints on the control notion. For efficient evaluation of the proposed control approach MATLAB/Simulink and Yalmip optimization toolbox are used for algorithm and blocks implementation. The simulation results confirm the accuracy of the controller that garantees both the control and the reference tracking objectives.
An educational fuzzy temperature control system IJECEIAES
Control engineering is one of the important engineering topics taught at many engineering based universities around the world in most undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The control engineering curriculum includes both the classical feedback based control theory and the state space theory. The modern control theory is based on the intelligent control algorithms utilizing the soft computing techniques, such as the fuzzy control theory and neural networks. Laboratory work is an important part of any control engineering course. The problem with the modern control theory laboratories is that it is essential to offer simple experiments to students so that they can easily put the complex theories they have learned in their courses into practice and see and understand the results. This paper describes the design of a low-cost fuzzy based microcontroller temperature control system using off the shelf products. The developed system should provide a low-cost fuzzy control experiment in the laboratories for students studying control engineering.
Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart buildingIJECEIAES
The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.
Linear matrix inequalities tool to design predictive model control for green...IJECEIAES
1) Researchers developed two linear black-box models to represent the diurnal and nocturnal behavior of a greenhouse climate system. The models were identified using measured data and the least squares method.
2) A multi-model predictive control approach was proposed to control the greenhouse's internal temperature and humidity. This approach transformed the optimization problem into a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities.
3) Simulations showed the proposed multi-model predictive control method allowed for rapid and precise tracking of setpoints and effectively rejected external disturbances affecting the greenhouse climate.
A Smart Heating System for Energy Management using an Enhanced Kinetic User I...Editor IJAIEM
Mohamed Amine Rafkaoui 1, Nabil Birouk1, Ghita Lahlou1, Yassine Salih Alj1
1 School of Science and Engineering Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane Ifrane, Morocco
ABSTRACT
Improving energy efficiency of buildings is becoming increasingly critical to reduce energy consumption and to solve the
environmental crisis while ensuring thermal comfort. Heaters are among the appliances that consume a significant amount of
energy. This paper introduces a way to optimize the energy consumption of heating systems by adjusting the room temperature
and minimizing the heating periods while keeping the comfort of the occupants. The kinetic user interface combines motion
awareness and activity recognition to regulate the temperature depending on the type of activity the user is carrying out.
However, changing the temperature is a slow process. Starting to adjust the temperature exactly when the user starts an activity
might be too late and might cause physical discomfort. Consequently, we propose an enhanced kinetic user interface that takes
into account not only the user’s current activity but also the time the room needs to heat up or cool down.
Keywords: Smart heater, Temperature adjustment, Energy consumption, Kinetic User Interface
Cloud IoT Based Greenhouse Monitoring SystemIJERA Editor
This project explains the design and implementation of an electronic system based on GSM (Global System for
Mobile communication), cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) for sensing the climatic parameters in
the greenhouse. Based on the characteristics of accurate perception, efficient transmission and intelligent
synthesis of Internet of Things and cloud computing, the system can obtain real-time environmental information
for crop growth and then be transmitted. The system can monitor a variety of environmental parameters in
greenhouse effectively and meet the actual agricultural production requirements. Devices such as temperature
sensor, light sensor, relative humidity sensor and soil moisture sensor are integrated to demonstrate the proposed
system. This research focuses on developing a system that can automatically measure and monitor changes of
temperature, light, Humidity and moisture level in the greenhouse. The quantity and quality of production in
greenhouses can be increased. The procedure used in our system provides the owner with the details online
irrespective of their presence onsite. The main system collects environmental parameters inside greenhouse
tunnel every 30 seconds. The parameters that are collected by a network of sensors are being logged and stored
online using cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) together called as CloudIoT.
In this project an automated greenhouse robot was built with the purpose of controlling the greenhouse
environment Parameters such as temperature and humidity. The microcontroller used to create the automated
greenhouse robot was an AT89s51. This project utilizes three different sensors, a humidity sensor, a Light
sensor and a temperature sensor. The 2sensors are controlling the two Relays which are a fan (for cooling) and
a bulb (for heating). The fan is used to change the temperature and the bulb is used to heat the plants. The
humidity control system and the temperature control system were tested both separately and together. The
result showed that the temperature and humidity could be maintained in the desired range.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
The document discusses the development of an optimal green room management system to conserve energy by taking advantage of the thermal inertia effect where a room's temperature does not immediately rise or fall after heating/cooling is turned off. It proposes collecting indoor/outdoor temperature and electricity usage data using a wireless sensor network to build energy-temperature correlation models for each room and develop room scheduling algorithms to maximize energy savings. Experimental validation of the system using an actual sensor network deployment showed potential for 30% energy savings compared to existing room scheduling practices.
Estimation of Air-Cooling Devices Run Time Via Fuzzy Logic and Adaptive Neuro...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that uses fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) to develop a system for predicting the optimal run time of air cooling devices. Fuzzy logic models were developed using temperature and door state as inputs and run time as the output. Three different membership functions were tested and the triangular function performed best. ANFIS combines fuzzy logic and neural networks and was able to more accurately predict run time compared to fuzzy logic alone. The developed models provide an efficient way to control air cooling device run times.
Adaptive gender-based thermal control system IJECEIAES
A closed loop adaptive gender-based thermal control system (AG-TCS) is designed, modelled, analysed and tested. The system has the unique feature of adapting to the surrounding environment as a function of the number of humans present and the gender ratio. The operation of the system depends on a unique interface between a radio frequency identification (RFID) device and an imaging device, both of which are correlated and interfaced to a controller. Testing of the system resulted in smooth transition and shape conversion of the response curve, which proved its adaptability. Three mathematical equations describing the internal mechanisms of the AG-TCS are presented and have been proven to optimally reflect the original statistical data covering both genders.
A PROPOSED FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH FOR CONSERVING THE ENERGY OF DATA TRANSMISSIO...IJCNCJournal
The document proposes a fuzzy logic approach to reduce energy consumption in temperature and humidity monitoring systems. It uses fuzzy logic to filter data sent to servers based on factors like time of recording and current energy levels. The approach decomposes the fuzzy system into input and output stages to determine whether readings should be transmitted. Experimental results on a public dataset show the fuzzy approach reduces energy use by 11.8% compared to traditional approaches that transmit all data.
A Proposed Fuzzy Logic Approach for Conserving the Energy of Data Transmissio...IJCNCJournal
One of the primary challenges facing the Internet of Things is the reservation and efficient consumption of energy resources, especially in those types of applications that require continuous monitoring or suffer from lacking ongoing energy resources. Despite this, the indoor temperature and humidity monitoring systems are unconcerned about the insignificant amount of energy consumed during critical times when sending unimportant or useless data to the control room’s servers. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based approach for reducing the amount of energy spent in indoor temperature and humidity monitoring systems by filtering data that is sent to servers based on several surrounding circumstances such as time of data recording and current energy consumption amount while maintaining constant monitoring. The experimental results on the Appliances Energy Prediction dataset show that the proposed fuzzy-based approach successfully reduces energy consumption in temperature and humidity monitoring systems by 11.8%.
IRJET- Arduino Based Weather Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an Arduino-based weather monitoring system that was developed to automatically collect weather data including temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The system uses sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller to measure these variables over time. The sensor readings are stored in a file and can be displayed graphically to analyze weather patterns. The system was designed to forecast weather without human error by sensing key factors that determine weather conditions. It was found to successfully collect weather data through experiments and demonstrate weather patterns through generated graphs.
Research, Development Intelligent HVAC Control System Using Fuzzy Logic Contr...theijes
The paper describes an automatic climate in offices, describes the principles of the automation equipment climate, considered air parameters described control algorithms were compared automation system PIDcontroller and using fuzzy logic controller is designed microclimate model in Mathlab program with a fuzzy logic controller.
microclimatic modeling and analysis of a fog cooled naturally ventilated gree...IJEAB
In the present paper, a thermal model has been presented for predicting the thermal environment inside a fog cooled naturally ventilated greenhouse. Experiments were conducted on a polyethylene covered greenhouse having 250 m2 ground area located at Coochbehar (latitude: 26.2o N, longitude: 89oE), West Bengal, India. The greenhouse was cooled by intermittent fogging with three distinct fogging cycles during the experiments. The greenhouse air temperature profiles as predicted by theoretical model were validated for different fogging cycle configurations. The model prediction and experimental results build up a good match (co-efficient of correlation was in range of 0.85 to 0.97). It was observed that fogging cycle configuration (spray time and spray interval combination) influences greatly the cooling performance of the fogging system. Further analysis revealed that greenhouse temperature could be maintained 2-5oC below the ambient temperature by employing suitable fogging cycle, maintaining the relative humidity within acceptable level.
Pervasive Computing Based Intelligent Energy Conservation SystemEswar Publications
Most of the HVAC system in home is running based on static control algorithm; based on fixed work schedules. In that old system energy became waste when home contains low or no people occupancy. In this paper we presented new dynamic approach of HVAC system control, by combined with pervasive computing. Pervasive computing can be defined as availability of centralized system and information anywhere and anytime. We achieved our target by using occupancy sensors for collecting home status. Initially our occupancy sensors collect human presence and current HVAC status details and stored in centralized system. Then based on our user defined threshold value the centralized system maintains the building's heating, cooling and air quality conditions by controlling HVAC devices. I.e. this system turned off HVAC systems when a home is unoccupied, or put the system into an energy saving sleep mode when persons are asleep.
Smart Incubator Based on PID Controller IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a smart incubator using a PID controller to automatically control the temperature and humidity inside the incubator. A microcontroller is used as the main control unit along with sensors to measure temperature and humidity. A PID controller algorithm running on the microcontroller analyzes the sensor data and controls heat and humidity sources via actuators to maintain optimal conditions as defined by setpoint values. The PID controller output is adjusted through a PWM signal to smoothly vary the applied voltages based on error between measured and desired values. Test results showed the PID factors could be tuned to stabilize conditions inside the incubator.
Distributed Control System Applied in Temperatur Control by Coordinating Mult...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In Distributed Control System (DCS), multitasking management has been important issues
continuously researched and developed. In this paper, DCS was applied in global temperature control
system by coordinating three Local Control Units (LCUs). To design LCU’s controller parameters, both
analytical and experimental method were employed. In analytical method, the plants were firstly identified
to get their transfer functions which were then used to derive control parameters based on desired
response qualities. The experimental method (Ziegler-Nichols) was also applied due to practicable reason
in real industrial plant (less mathematical analysis). To manage set-points distributed to all LCUs, master
controller was subsequently designed based on zone of both error and set-point of global temperature
controller. Confirmation experiments showed that when using control parameters from analytical method,
the global temperature response could successfully follow the distributed set-points with 0% overshoot,
193.92 second rise time, and 266.88 second settling time. While using control parameters from
experimental method, it could also follow the distributed set-points with presence of overshoot (16.9%), but
has less rise time and settling time (111.36 and 138.72 second). In this research, the overshoot could be
successfully decreased from 16.9 to 9.39 % by changing master control rule. This proposed method can
be potentially applied in real industrial plant due to its simplicity in master control algorithm and presence
of PID controller which has been generally included in today industrial equipments.
Controlling temperature using proportional integral and derivative control al...IJECEIAES
Drying is one of the crucial processes in agricultural production, especially in grain processing. The drying process can improve grain quality and affect the grain content. However, maintaining the temperature is a challenge in the drying process. Because it can influence the drying performance and produce a low-efficiency reduction of water content, in this study, the hybrid drying system is proposed to improve the performance of the forced convection dryer system. The proposed system used a proportional integral and derivative (PID) control system to obtain the optimal temperature. The proposed system was compared with natural drying and forced convection methods. The experimental result showed that the proposed system performed excellently for three performance evaluations. The average temperature was obtained as the highest of the other methods, with 54.68 °C and 54.55 °C for coffee and cocoa beans. The water content can be reduced by an average of 27.38% and 42.67% for coffee and cocoa beans. Then, the proposed system also had the highest reduction efficiency of water content than the other methods, with 62.71% and 36.94% reductions for coffee and cocoa beans, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid system performs better than the other methods.
OPTIMIZING THE GREENHOUSE MICRO-CLIMATE MANAGEMENT BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ART...IAEME Publication
The socio-economic evolution of populations has in recent decades a rapid and multiple changes, including dietary habits that have been characterized by the consumption of fresh products out of season and widely available throughout the year.
Culture under shelters of fruit, vegetable and flower species developed from the classical to the greenhouse agro - industrial, currently known for its modernity and high level of automation (heating, misting, of conditioning, control, regulation and control, supervisor of computer etc.). New techniques have emerged, including the use of control devices and regulating climate variables in a greenhouse (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration etc.) to the exploitation of artificial intelligence such as neural networks and / or fuzzy logic.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
An educational fuzzy temperature control system IJECEIAES
Control engineering is one of the important engineering topics taught at many engineering based universities around the world in most undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The control engineering curriculum includes both the classical feedback based control theory and the state space theory. The modern control theory is based on the intelligent control algorithms utilizing the soft computing techniques, such as the fuzzy control theory and neural networks. Laboratory work is an important part of any control engineering course. The problem with the modern control theory laboratories is that it is essential to offer simple experiments to students so that they can easily put the complex theories they have learned in their courses into practice and see and understand the results. This paper describes the design of a low-cost fuzzy based microcontroller temperature control system using off the shelf products. The developed system should provide a low-cost fuzzy control experiment in the laboratories for students studying control engineering.
Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart buildingIJECEIAES
The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.
Linear matrix inequalities tool to design predictive model control for green...IJECEIAES
1) Researchers developed two linear black-box models to represent the diurnal and nocturnal behavior of a greenhouse climate system. The models were identified using measured data and the least squares method.
2) A multi-model predictive control approach was proposed to control the greenhouse's internal temperature and humidity. This approach transformed the optimization problem into a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities.
3) Simulations showed the proposed multi-model predictive control method allowed for rapid and precise tracking of setpoints and effectively rejected external disturbances affecting the greenhouse climate.
A Smart Heating System for Energy Management using an Enhanced Kinetic User I...Editor IJAIEM
Mohamed Amine Rafkaoui 1, Nabil Birouk1, Ghita Lahlou1, Yassine Salih Alj1
1 School of Science and Engineering Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane Ifrane, Morocco
ABSTRACT
Improving energy efficiency of buildings is becoming increasingly critical to reduce energy consumption and to solve the
environmental crisis while ensuring thermal comfort. Heaters are among the appliances that consume a significant amount of
energy. This paper introduces a way to optimize the energy consumption of heating systems by adjusting the room temperature
and minimizing the heating periods while keeping the comfort of the occupants. The kinetic user interface combines motion
awareness and activity recognition to regulate the temperature depending on the type of activity the user is carrying out.
However, changing the temperature is a slow process. Starting to adjust the temperature exactly when the user starts an activity
might be too late and might cause physical discomfort. Consequently, we propose an enhanced kinetic user interface that takes
into account not only the user’s current activity but also the time the room needs to heat up or cool down.
Keywords: Smart heater, Temperature adjustment, Energy consumption, Kinetic User Interface
Cloud IoT Based Greenhouse Monitoring SystemIJERA Editor
This project explains the design and implementation of an electronic system based on GSM (Global System for
Mobile communication), cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) for sensing the climatic parameters in
the greenhouse. Based on the characteristics of accurate perception, efficient transmission and intelligent
synthesis of Internet of Things and cloud computing, the system can obtain real-time environmental information
for crop growth and then be transmitted. The system can monitor a variety of environmental parameters in
greenhouse effectively and meet the actual agricultural production requirements. Devices such as temperature
sensor, light sensor, relative humidity sensor and soil moisture sensor are integrated to demonstrate the proposed
system. This research focuses on developing a system that can automatically measure and monitor changes of
temperature, light, Humidity and moisture level in the greenhouse. The quantity and quality of production in
greenhouses can be increased. The procedure used in our system provides the owner with the details online
irrespective of their presence onsite. The main system collects environmental parameters inside greenhouse
tunnel every 30 seconds. The parameters that are collected by a network of sensors are being logged and stored
online using cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) together called as CloudIoT.
In this project an automated greenhouse robot was built with the purpose of controlling the greenhouse
environment Parameters such as temperature and humidity. The microcontroller used to create the automated
greenhouse robot was an AT89s51. This project utilizes three different sensors, a humidity sensor, a Light
sensor and a temperature sensor. The 2sensors are controlling the two Relays which are a fan (for cooling) and
a bulb (for heating). The fan is used to change the temperature and the bulb is used to heat the plants. The
humidity control system and the temperature control system were tested both separately and together. The
result showed that the temperature and humidity could be maintained in the desired range.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
The document discusses the development of an optimal green room management system to conserve energy by taking advantage of the thermal inertia effect where a room's temperature does not immediately rise or fall after heating/cooling is turned off. It proposes collecting indoor/outdoor temperature and electricity usage data using a wireless sensor network to build energy-temperature correlation models for each room and develop room scheduling algorithms to maximize energy savings. Experimental validation of the system using an actual sensor network deployment showed potential for 30% energy savings compared to existing room scheduling practices.
Estimation of Air-Cooling Devices Run Time Via Fuzzy Logic and Adaptive Neuro...IRJET Journal
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A Simulation Based Study of A Greenhouse System with Intelligent Fuzzy Logic
1. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS) Vol.10, No.1, January 2020
DOI: 10.5121/ijfls.2020.10102 19
A SIMULATION BASED STUDY OF A GREENHOUSE
SYSTEM WITH INTELLIGENT FUZZY LOGIC
Niaz Mostakim1
, Shuaib Mahmud2
and *Khalid Hossain Jewel3
1
Department of EEE, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology,
Uttara, Dhaka.
2
Department of EEE, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
3
Department of EEE, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT
Greenhouse (GHS) system is a system, that provides an efficient condition to grow plants. This research
paper describes designing of a greenhouse system to control climate, soil moisture, lighting using fuzzy
logic. The proposed model consists fuzzy logic to control GHS parameter such as temperature, Humidity,
light, soil moisture and watering system to the plant. In this proposed system temperature controlling
controller is used to take current temperature as input by using temperature sensor and its deviation from
user set data. The temperature is controlled by the speed of fan. This algorithm is same for all other
parameters. In this research the set value of different sensors is selected by the owner of the greenhouse
according to the basis of growing plant condition. This system will enhance the capability of fuzzy logic
control systems in case of process automation and potentiality.Simulation using MATLAB is used to
achieve the designed goal.
KEYWORDS
Fuzzy logic, Green house, Sensor, MATLAB Simulink, Machine learning
1. INTRODUCTION
A greenhouse is a build-up environment that promotes all the factors of improving the agriculture
performance. It is generally consisting of four parts shown in Figure 1 [1] i.e. Cover of the
surface, soil, plant and internal air. Surface separates the outside environment from inside
environment. It protects the internal plants from the outsides bad weather and diseases. It can be
consisting of polyethylene of glass. The internal air is the more essential part or components of
the greenhouse. It is influenced by the external temperature and relative humidity. The soil has to
be considered in this section because of having absorbance and diffusion property of thermal heat.
The plants have the important role in heat and water balances of the process. In this paper the
three components i.e. internal air, soil, surface will be discussed. Control system is a device, a set
of devices that controls, manages, commands the other devices or system. Industrial controlling
system are used for the production of industrial equipment or machine. This control system is
designed, developed and implemented according to the specification of equipment or machine.
The performance of the controller depends on the all element included into these systems
designed, developed and implemented according to the specification of equipment or machine.
The performance of the controller depends on the all element included into this system [2].
Computational intelligence system is an intelligent information processing in different sector of
computer science. The fuzzy systems are one of the most intelligent system. According to
tradition logic binary sets have two values true or false, where fuzzy logic variable contains the
2. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS) Vol.10, No.1, January 2020
20
truth value in the degree of range from 0 to 1. Fuzzy logic has been applied to handle the partial
truth concept. The partial truth ranges from completely truth to completely false. Fuzzy logic
emulates the logic as like human thought which is much less inflexible than calculating computer
generally perform. An intelligent control system involves large number of inputs [3]. By using
different types of rules fuzzy logic has been upgrade the computer to think like a human. Using
fuzzy logic algorithm, system has been able to think, enable machine to understand and response
the human concept i.e. hot, very hot, cold, very cold, normal etc. [4]. Because of being a building
and occupant thermal interaction for long duration, greenhouse dynamic equation for interior air
temperature has taken in consideration. Fuzzy logic interaction with microcontroller for climate
controlling has been proposed in [3]. S.D.Dhamakale et al. proposed that for temperature and
humidity control. Fuzzy logic controller for controlling the geothermal of greenhouse has been
proposed by FatenGouadria et al [4]. Temperature humidity, sunlight intensity, wind speed and
direction has included by A. Sriraman et al. Another research work to control temperature,
relative humidity, light controlling, Irrigation and nutrient solution control, Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) control has been proposed in [5]. Their proposed system mainly optimizes heat and energy
of greenhouse and consume water. Climate controlling inside the green house by using fuzzy
logic has been proposed in [6]. They implemented the system by using MATLAB for temperature
and humidity controland linguistic variables for sensors and actuators. Low cost fuzzy logic
control and web monitoring system has been implemented by C.R Algarin et al. [7]. In this
system Arduino platform is used to monitor the system with fuzzy logic. Carlos Robles algarin et
al. proposed a web page that is designed to monitor the climatic condition of the greenhouse.
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) prototype has been proposed by P. Javadikia et.al [3] which is
simulated on MATLAB.A. Hilali also proposed a greenhouse climate control system i.e.
Temperature and moisture controller system [8]. An approach to control greenhouse based on
fuzzy has been proposed by R.Caponetto t et al. [9] Heat loss in the greenhouse system and
temperature controlling by balancing energy of greenhouse has been controlled by intelligent
system[10] . Fuzzy logic based climate control a wireless data monitoring system has been
implemented by M. Azaza et. Al [11]. They proposed a system of smart greenhouse system to
control both the temperature and humidity of a system to promote a comfortable microclimate for
plant growth. They also enhance a platform for data routing and logging to monitor wireless data.
Fuzzy logic based climate controlling proposed system has been focused by RafiuddinSyam et al.
They monitor the climate, environment of the greenhouse system when watering [12] the plants
and also monitoring and applied a fuzzy logic for the change of humidity and temperature after
watering. Self-tuning fuzzy logic based PID controller has been implemented by Mahdi Heidari
et. al. They proposed a model by using both controller i.e. fuzzy and PID. Here they have showed
PID controller [13] and Fuzzy controller to compare the performance of the proposed climate
controlling system. Satyajit Ramesh Potdar et.al proposed a system to monitor air temperature
[14,15,16,17] of greenhouse. Energy balance principle-based greenhouse system has been
proposed for improving the complexity and dynamic of environment.
Figure 1. A basic view of Greenhouse system.
3. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS) Vol.10, No.1, January 2020
21
2. FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR THE PROPOSED GREENHOUSE SYSTEM (GHS)
Figure 2 represents the block diagram of the proposed system.In this system five different
sensors, temperature, humidity, rain, moisture and light intensity is used to measure the current
condition of the plant. The set value is included in the fuzzy set through the membership function.
Different fuzzy rules are added to the controller to give the knowledge about the system. This
system measures current temperature by using different sensors. All the values are taken by the
controller. With the help of this measuring value and given set value the controller takes a
decision to speedup or speed down or OFF the devices to control the suitable environment inside
the greenhouse. For example, if the temperature is raised from the set-up temperature then the
controller speeds up the cooler proportion to the raising temperature. If humidity is decreased,
then the controller speeds up the vapor supplier to supply more vapor to rise the humidity. If
humidity is increased, then the controller speeds up the heater supplier to supply more heat to less
the humidity. A sample greenhouse controlling system is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2. Block diagram of proposed Greenhouse system
Figure 3. Greenhouse controlling system.
4. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS) Vol.10, No.1, January 2020
22
3. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF GREENHOUSE SYSTEM
Because of being a building and occupant thermal interaction for long duration, greenhouse
dynamic equation for interior air temperature has taken in consideration. For greenhouse the
dynamic equation [18] for heat balance is
𝜌𝐶𝑝𝑉
𝜕𝑇𝑖𝑛
𝜕𝑡
= 𝑄𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
− 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
− 𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡
− 𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔
+ 𝑄ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
− 𝑄𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(1)
𝑄𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
=Short wave radiation.
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
=convection and conduction heat transfer rate
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡
=Heat loss due to the infiltration
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔
= long wave radiation
𝑄ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
=thermal energy provided by the heating system
𝑄𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
=thermal energy loss from the cooling system.
The model operates within from -10℃ to 45℃ temperature range. User can set desired
temperature to control the environment inside the greenhouse. The fuzzy membership function is
design to smooth controlling of temperature. Here input variable is the temperature sensor that
measure current temperature and with the help of set and current temperature, the controller
decide a value to drive the cooler with desired speed. Temperature of a greenhouse randomly
change due to the disturbance of climate change and can be controlled by maintaining uniform
distribution of climate variable [19]. Heat can be balanced by considering the following equation
in above. The short-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse system can be calculated by the
following equation [20].
𝑄𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
=𝜏𝑐𝛼𝑐𝑆𝐼 (2)
Where 𝛼𝑐is the cover absorptivity of solar radiation, 𝜏𝑐is the cover transmittance, S is the surface
area (𝑚2
), and I is the solar radiation (𝑊𝑚−2
).
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
=𝑈𝑆(𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡) (3)
Where, 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 represents the outside temperature of the system,𝑇𝑖𝑛 represents the measuring
temperature by the temperature sensor and 𝑈 is the overall heat transfer coefficient through the
greenhouse walls (𝑊𝑚−2
𝐾−1
) and S represents the surface area of the system. The heat loss due
to the infiltration through the greenhouse was calculated using the equation [18] in (4).
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡
= 𝜌𝑎𝐶𝑎𝑅
𝑇𝑖𝑛−𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡
3600
(4)
The greenhouse system absorbed the long wave radiation is calculated by the equation in 5
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔
= ℎ0𝑆(1 − 𝜏𝑐)(𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦) (5)
Where, 𝑇𝑠𝑘𝑦is the sky temperature that is suggested by Swinbank [18]. The thermal energy
provided by the heating system is defined as
𝑄ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
=
𝑁ℎ𝑅ℎ
𝑆
(6)
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23
Where,𝑁ℎ is the number of heaters, 𝑅ℎis the capacity of the heating system (𝑊𝑚−2
). The thermal
energy loss [18] from the cooling system is represented by the following equation.
𝑄𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 𝐶𝑎𝑅𝑣 (7)
Table 1. Sub System’s Parameters Value for Temperature Balance of Greenhouse.
Parameter Description Unit value
𝜏𝑐 cover transmittance N/A 0.85
𝛼𝑐 cover absorptivity N/A 0.1
S surface area 𝑚2 5
I solar radiation 𝑊𝑚−2 2
𝜌𝑎 heater output W 1.137
𝐶𝑎 air density 𝐾𝑔𝑚−3 1005
R number of air changes per hour 𝑚3
𝑆−1 2
𝑇𝑖𝑛 interior air temperature ℃
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 outside air temperature ℃ -10
U overall heat transfer coefficient
through the greenhouse walls
𝑊𝑚−2
𝐶−1 1.137
V building volume 𝑚3 20
𝑁ℎ number of heaters N/A 1
𝑅ℎ capacity of the heating system 𝑊𝑚−2 10
𝑅𝑣 ventilation rate 𝑚3
𝑆−1 4
Figure 4. Sub System for temperature balance of Greenhouse
The relative humidity of the climate is amount of water in the air. For greenhouse to control
humidity specific parameter are considered as the following equation [21,22,23,24].
𝜌𝑣𝑖
𝜕𝑥𝑖
𝜕𝑡
= 𝑃𝐴𝑉(a𝛼 + 𝐺(0))(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑜) + 𝐸 + 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (8)
Here, 𝜌=air density
𝑣𝑖= Greenhouse volume
A= vent area
V=wind Speed
a, G (0) = ventilation parameter
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24
𝛼=vent opening
𝑥𝑜= outside absolute humidity
𝑥𝑖= inside absolute humidity.
E= plant transpiration rate
fog= vapor generation by the fog system
Table 2. Subsystem’s parameters value for humidity balance of Greenhouse.
Parameter Description unit value
𝑣𝑖 Greenhouse volume 𝑚3 24
A vent area 𝑚2 4
V wind Speed 𝑘𝑚𝑠−1 20
a, G (0) ventilation parameter N/A 1.1
α vent opening N/A 0.1
𝑥𝑜 outside absolute
humidity
N/A 70
𝑥𝑖 Inside absolute
humidity.
N/A 50
fog vapor generation by
the fog system
𝑚3
𝑠−1 40
E plant transpiration
rate
𝐶𝑚𝑑𝑎𝑦−1 0.03
Ρ air density 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 1.137
Figure 5. Design of Humidity Control System for Greenhouse
Light intensity measurement is the one of the vital parameters in green house system. The
intensity of light can be measured by the light dependent resistor (LDR). The resistance of LDR
depends on the illumination of light (E) and the material used for making LDR sensor. The CDS
(Cadmium sulphide) based LDR’s manufacturing value is varied from 0.7 to 0.9. The resistance
of LDR follows the below equation.
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25
R = A×𝐸𝑎
(9)
Here R is the resistance, A and a are constant and E is the illumination of light. In this model the
parameter’s value used for measuring the resistance and sensor value are focused on the Table 3.
Table 3. Sub System’s Parameters Value for Light Intensity Measure of Greenhouse.
Parameter Description Unit Value
R Resistance ohm
a Constant
value for
manufacturing
N/A 0.9
E Illumination (lux)
Very Bright Summer
Day
100,000 Lux
Full Daylight 10,000 Lux
Overcast Summer Day 1,000 Lux
Very Dark Day 100 Lux
Twilight 10 Lux
Full Moon < 1 Lux
A Constant N/A 10
According to the above parameter and its value is used to develop a subsystem which is focused
on the Figure 6.
Figure 6. Subsystem of light intensity measurement
Sensing of rain is very emergent for greenhouse system because of using the rain water for plant
to increase the moisture of soil according to required value. For this reason, rain sensor is used to
measure rainfall. A rain sensor plays a vital rule to detect the rain. The rain sensors working
procedure is same as comparator circuit. The designing parameter of rain sensor acting process in
describe in below Table 4. The equation of finding degree of rainfall is described in below.
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑅2
𝑅1+𝑅2
-𝑉𝑖𝑛 (10)
Table 4. Sub System’s parameters value for rainfall value measure of Greenhouse.
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26
Parameter for
Rain
Description of parameters Unit Value
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 Result of rain sensor Volt
𝑉𝑖𝑛 Sensing value volt 2
𝑅2 Variable resistor Kilo ohm 10
𝑉
𝑐𝑐 Supply voltage volt 10
𝑅1 Fixed Resistor Kilo ohm 1
Figure 7. Subsystem for rain intensity measurement
Sensing of amount of water present in soil is very important for plant to rise inside the greenhouse
system. For this purpose, Expert system moisture sensor is needed to monitor the water amount
needed for plant. The Soil moisture sensor follows the below equation.
𝜀𝑏
1
2
⁄
= 𝑥𝑎𝜀𝑎
1
2
⁄
+ 𝑥𝑚𝜀𝑚
1
2
⁄
+ 𝑥𝑤𝜀𝑤
1
2
⁄
(11)
Dielectric sensor only senses the bulk dielectric permeability of soil not water contents.
The relationship between bulk dielectric constant and soil water content is used to measure
accuracy.
Where, ε is used to represent the relative dielectric permittivity, volume fraction is represented by
x and the subscripts b, a, m, and wrepresent the properties of material i.e. bulk, air, mineral, and
water respectively. The permittivity of air is 1. The permittivity of soil minerals can range from 3
to 16 but a value of 4 is often used. We can substitute for 𝑥𝑎the expression 1 –𝑥𝑤–𝑥𝑚 and for 𝑥𝑚
the ratio of bulk to particle density of the soil,
𝜌𝑏
𝜌𝑠
Table 5. Subsystem’s parameters value for soil moisture Measure of Greenhouse.
Quantity Symbol Nominal Value
Bulk Permittivity 𝜀𝑏 10
Water Permittivity 𝜀𝑤 80
Mineral Permittivity 𝜀𝑚 4
Bulk Density 𝜌𝑏 1.3
Particle Density 𝜌𝑠 2.65
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Figure 8. Subsystem for Soil moisture measurement
4. MODELLING OF FUZZY CONTROLLER
A proposed GHS with fuzzy controller has showed in Figure 2. This system is designed to control
temperature, humidity, light, moisture and water pump of a greenhouse. The algorithm is
designed based on fuzzy logic to smooth controlling every parameter of greenhouse. This
algorithm is used to design the fuzzifier,defuzzifier according to the control strategy of the
processing plant to ensure quality.
4.1. Temperature controlling
The greenhouse parameter temperature is controlled by using fuzzy logic. This designing system
is controlled at -10 to 45 degree centigrade. This temperature is divided into five sections and
defined as membership function. This designing membership function is showed in Table 6.
Table 6. Membership function of current Temperature.
Membership function Range (Degree Centigrade)
Very cold (VC) -10 to 2.5
Cold(C) -1 to 15
Normal (NOR) 12 to 27
HOT 25 to 36
Very Hot (VHOT) 32 to 45
Temperature is mainly controlled by the heater. When the heater in ON or OFF state depending
on the current temperature of the room, Fuzzy controller helps to speed up the heating supply
where the traditional logic has only OFF and ON state. The output variable heater has 3
membership function OFF, LOW and HIGH.
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Table 7. Membership function of Heater.
Membership Function of Heater Point of value
OFF 0,0,2.5
LOW 0,2.5,5
HIGH 2.5,5,5
When the temperature will rise from the set temperature then the cooler will automatically ON
and will speed up automatically. For cooler there are 3 membership function, OFF, LOW and
HIGH. The fuzzy controller takes a decision what type of operation will happen to control the
temperature.
4.2. Controlling Humidity
Relative Humidity is measured by the percentage of water vapour in air and in relation to the
amount of holding at a given temperature. The Humidity that gives comfortable atmosphere
depends on temperatures, indicated in below. This designing five membership functions from the
range of 0 to 100 percentage of humidity that is showed in Table 9.
Table 8. Membership function of Humidity
Membership function Range (% )
Very Low(VL) 0 to 20
Low(L) 10 to 40
Normal(NOR) 30 to 55
HIGH(H) 50 to 70
Very High(VHIGH) 60 to 100
When the humidity will rise from the set humidity then the vapor supplier will automatically ON
and will speed up automatically. For vapor supplier there are 3 membership function, OFF, LOW,
HIGH. The fuzzy controller takes a decision what type of operation will happened to control the
humidity.
Table 9. Membership function of vapor.
Membership Function of Vapor Point of value
OFF 0,0,2.5
LOW 0,2.5,5
HIGH 2.5,5,5
4.3. Light controlling
The light intensity of the greenhouse has been controlled using fuzzy controller. The intensity
measured by light sensor LDR and the value range from 0 to 10. The intensity level will have
increased then the output value will have increased. To control proper intensity three membership
function LOWLIGHT, NORLIGHT and HIGHLIGHT have declared. And the range of each
membership function has given on the Table 10.
Table 10. Membership function of Light Intensity.
Membership function of light sensor Range (Light Intensity)
LOWLIGHT 0 to 3.5
NORLIGHT 2.8 to 7.24
HIGHLIGHT 6.3 to 10
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The light controlling device Lamp will be derived by the controller and lamp’s intensity will
increase and decreased by the value of three membership function.
4.4. Moisture controlling
The moisture of the soil is most important for plants. In the greenhouse system the moisture of the
soil is controlled by using fuzzy logic. The three-membership function have declared to the
controller in the range between 0 and 50 and the declared membership function is DRY,
NORMAL, WET. The value is selected as the Table 11 in below.
Table 11. Membership function of Moisture.
Membership function of moisture Range (Moisture value)
DRY 0 to 20
NORMAL 12 to 35
WET 28 to 50
To control the moisture, the water pump motor is used. The motor serves water at three condition
i.e. OFF, LOW and HIGH. This water pump will ON or OFF depend on the rain sensor. The
design value of input moisture function has showed in Table 12.
Table 12. Membership function of Water pump.
Membership Function of water pump Point of value
OFF 0,0,2.5
LOW 0,2.5,5
HIGH 2.5,5,5
The rain sensor detects the current rain status and fuzzy control system select three membership
function NRAIN, LIGHTRAIN, HEAVY RAIN. If the rain present, then the rain water will be
supplied to the soil and the main water pump will not ON. The rainfall-based input membership
function has been given out at Table 13.
Table 13. Membership function of Rain Sensor.
Membership function of Rain sensor Range (Rain intensity)
NORAIN 0 to 3.5
NORMALRAIN 2.8 to 7.3
HEAVYRAIN 5.8 to 10
Rain water will be supplied to the soil if the soil moisture status is dry and the rain water is
present. For rain water supply two-member function OFF and OPEN have selected. The roof
motor will be ON or OFF according to the designing rules in fuzzy logic. The output membership
function for roof motor has been focused at Table 14.
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Table 14. MembePrship function of Roof Motor.
Membership function of Roof motor Range (Roof motor supply
voltage)
OFF 0 to 2
NORMAL 1.5 to 3.5
HIGH 3 to 5
4.5. Rules of greenhouse system
The rules set up for fuzzy logic-based greenhouse parameter controlling system have shown in
Table15. This table contains the fuzzy possible logic for this considering parameter of greenhouse
controlling system.
Figure 9. Model of greenhouse system using Fuzzy logic.
Figure 10. Matlab Rules View.
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Table 14. Rules view of fuzzy logic.
5. RESULT & DISCUSSION
This proposed system has been tested in Matlab and for different type of sensing value we get a
different output response of controlling device. For a current parameter value the response of
device are showed in the Figure 10. In Matlab the simulation run for 10 secs and the controlling
output is shown in different scope. In this simulation system the set temperature value was 24
degrees centigrade. The temperature gains and losses by this system give a temperature value of
Tin. The error signal between system and set temperature is backed to the input of the system.
Then the system’s fuzzy controller decides to change the output device such as cooler which is
shown in Figure 11. The curve shows that the cooler is stable after the stability of set temperature.
In Figure 12, time vs sensor output for heater control is showed. The heater controlling output
will be stable after certain period of time. Initially the system’s temperature is not matched as the
set's temperature so the unstable signal of heater control is showed in Figure 12.
Figure 11. Time vs sensor output for Cooler control
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Figure 12. Time vs sensor output for Heater control.
Figure 13. Time vs sensor output for lamp control.
In Figure 13 when the light intensity changes the output device corresponding to this in-put will
be changed. In this fig the output data is a straight line so the signal is stable at the start of time.
In Figure 14 when the roof motor controlling output is showed, it depends on the two
parameters, i.e. Rainfall and moisture sensor value. If these two parameters are true, then the
roof motor will On and the sensor output value will be changed.
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Figure 14. Time vs sensor output for lamp control.
when the humidity will be less than this controlling output is delivered at maximum value which
is showed in Figure 15. This curve is also a stable output
Figure 15. Time vs sensor output for vapor control.
Figure 16. Time vs sensor output for water pump control.
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In Figure 16 the sensor output for water pump control is focused. The water pumps signal
depends on the moisture sensor and rainfall sensors.This signal start as a constant value from the
start of simulation. In the proposed model of Different parameters of greenhouse system, the
balancing output temperature has been showed in Figure 17
Figure 17. Sub system output of Temperature model’s output.
Figure 18. Sub system output of Humidity model’s output.
Figure 19. Sub system output of Light intensity model’s output.
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Figure 20. Sub system output of Rain sensing model’s output.
Figure 21. Sub system output of Moisture model’s output.
6. CONCLUSIONS
This designing method makes the system efficient and better controlling. This analytical value
clearly maps out the functioning of fuzzy logic in dealing with the problem of different smooth
controlling in difficult situation. In this greenhouse system fuzzy logic helped to solve the
complex problem without interaction physical variables. Intuitional knowledge about input and
output parameters was enough to design an optimally performance of this system. This proposed
system is being carried out in pro-cessing plant and in future it will help to design the advanced
controlling system for various application in environment monitoring and management system.
This system is mainly proposed for monitoring and maintaining the environment of greenhouse so
that an eco-friendly environment for producing any kind of plant. In future more advanced
controlling system can be introduced i.e. measuring PH for maintaining proper PH level of water
to supply suitable water for plant.
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AUTHORS
Niaz Mostakim has achieved his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree from the dept. of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh. He is a
Lecturer of the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka. His current interest includes
internet of things (IOT), Telemedicine, Control System, Fuzzy controller,
microcontroller based system design, electronics system design and development,
Artificial intelligence.
Shuaib Mahmud has achieved his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree from the dept. of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia-7003,
Bangladesh. He is a Lecturer of the department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering at Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh,
Bangladesh. His current interest includes internet of things (IOT), Control System,
Fuzzy controller, microcontroller based system design, electronics system design and
development, Artificial intelligence and Material science.
Khalid Hossain Jewel received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degree from the dept. of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia-7003,
Bangladesh in 2004 and 2005 respectively. In 2015 he completed his M.Phil. Degree
in wireless communication. Currently he is working as an associate professor in the
same department. His research interest includes Ad-hoc wireless communication.
intelligent systems design, cellular mobile communication and optical fiber
communication