STATISTICS BASICS

1. Biostatistics &
Research Methodology
Part-1
Statistics &Biostatistics

2. Introduction
What is Statistics?
• Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with collecting,
classifying, analysing, and interpreting data. The word statistics is derived
from ‘status’ means a ‘political state’ or ‘government’.
What is Biostatistics?
• Biostatistics is a branch of biological science that deals with the study and
methods of collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data of
biological research. Biostatistics is also called biometrics since it involves
many measurements and calculations. In biostatistics, statistical methods
are applied to solve biological problems. A basic understanding of
biostatistics is necessary for the study of biology particularly doing
research in biological science
What is the use of Statistics in biology?
• The statistics will help the biologist to:
• (1) Understand the nature of variability and (2) Helps in deriving general
laws from small samples

3. Who is known as the Father of Biostatistics?
• Francis Galton is called the ‘Father of Biostatistics’. He created the
statistical concept ‘of correlation’. Sir Galton for the first time used
statistical tools to study differences among the human population. He also
invented the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on
human communities.
Who coined the term “‘Biometry”
• The term ‘Biometry’ was introduced by Walter Weldon
• Categories of Statistics:
• Statistics are classified into two categories:-
• (1). Pure Statistics and (2). Applied Statistics

4. 1) Pure Statistics
• Pure statistics is the basic statistics. Pure statistics is further classified into
FOUR sub-categories.
• Descriptive statistics
• Analytical statistics
• Inductive statistics
• Inferential statistics

5. (a). Descriptive Statistics
• These are the statistical tools and analysis which describe and summarize
the main features of the data.
• Example: Measure of central tendency (mean, median, mode), Measure of
dispersion (range, standard deviation, mean deviation) etc.
• Descriptive statistics explains the characteristics of the data.
• They reduce the complexities of the data into simple and logical
summaries.

6. (b). Analytical Statistics: Analytical statistics deals with all tools in the
statistics used to compare different variables.
• Analytical statistics helps to establish a functional relationship between
variables (data).
• Example: Correlation and Regression

7. (c). Inductive statistics
• Inductive statistics is the use of statistical tools to generate conclusions on
the basis of
random observations.

8. (d). Inferential statistics
• Inferential statistics is the application of statistical theories to analyze the
research
problems
• It Includes very complex calculations, analysis and comparisons
• Example: Index numbers, statistical quality control, vital statistics etc