This document introduces a framework for monitoring and visualizing usage of Grid services. The framework collects usage data from sensors integrated with Grid services, stores the data in a database, and provides a portal with JSR168-compliant portlets to visualize the data. The framework has been implemented and integrated with the Globus Toolkit. Usage data is collected from services like GridFTP and stored in a standardized format. The portlets in the portal allow authorized users to query the database and view summaries of Grid usage over specified time periods in graphical or tabular formats.
This document discusses providing sensor data as a service. It proposes an event collaboration model where sensor data is pushed to a database when it changes, rather than requiring polling. This would allow users to access up-to-date data through queries. The system would contain various sensors that store data in a database, and provide an interface for users to access visualizations and downloads of the sensor data in different formats like CSV and JSON.
This document discusses providing sensor data as a service. It proposes an event collaboration model where sensor data is pushed to a database when it changes, rather than requiring polling. This would allow users to access up-to-date data through queries. The system would contain various sensors that store data in a database, and provide an interface for users to access visualizations and downloads of the sensor data in different formats like CSV and JSON.
Reactive Stream Processing for Data-centric Publish/SubscribeSumant Tambe
The document discusses the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and key challenges in developing a dataflow programming model and middleware for IIoT systems. It notes that IIoT systems involve large-scale distributed data publishing and processing streams in a parallel manner. Existing pub-sub middleware like DDS can handle data distribution but lack support for composable local data processing. The document proposes combining DDS with reactive programming using Rx.NET to provide a unified dataflow model for both local processing and distribution.
Lately, the Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) have moved to the concept of the hybrids networks in order to get universal platforms in various types of monitoring and information collecting applications. The work presented in this paper aims in designing a hybrid remote monitoring architecture, largely secured by a high availability and resilience WSN. The modeling approach intends to describe the main operation of polling and dispatching between the communications channels with the purpose of ensuring the information availability and reducing the resilience time. To achieve our goal, we have realized an experimental platform of measuring, processing and routing data through hybrid communications technologies. We have illustrated, via curves, the routing of the data measured by a WSN (ZigBee Technology) to a final user through several communication technologies (HTTPS, SMS, ...).
Implementing a Session Aware Policy Based Mechanism for QoS Control in LTEIJERA Editor
Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning has become significant with the widely growth of multimedia applications and high increase in the number of users in both wireless and wired networks. In this paper, we implemented a session-aware policy based mechanism for QoS provisioning and control in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. Policies are a set of rules identifying the QoS parameters for users. Implementation included DiffServ (Differentiated Services) configuration and setting policies inside the PCRF (Policy Charging Rules Function) which is the brain entity in LTE, then mapping from QCI (QoS Class ID) to DiffServ. Moreover, the dialogue between PCEF (Policy Charging Enforcement Function) and PCRF was implemented. Simulations on four different traffic application types: VoIP (voice over IP), video, web, and ftp (file transfer protocol) were performed under the network simulator (ns2). Results showed that applying PCEF over the different traffic applications has a great effect in controlling these applications and specifically UDP (User Datagram Protocol) based applications such as video.
Centralized Data Verification Scheme for Encrypted Cloud Data ServicesEditor IJMTER
Cloud environment supports data sharing between multiple users. Data integrity is violated
due to hardware / software failures and human errors. Data owners and public verifiers are involved to
efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud server. File and
block signatures are used in the integrity verification process.
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing process. In
oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are used to
compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the signer
on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable ring
signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. Traceability is not supported in oruta scheme. Data dynamism
sequence is not managed by the system. The system obtains high computational overhead
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability features
are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the identity of
the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated with the
system.
INOVA GIS Platform represents centralized Enterprise GIS (Geographical Information System) that enables seamless data access for any number of different departments within business organization and beyond. Data can be accessed for viewing, analyzing, editing, etc. Apart from that, data can be presented to wider audience with the possibility to control what type of data and to what extent it will be presented.
Survey on Synchronizing File Operations Along with Storage Scalable MechanismIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on efficient file operations and storage scalability mechanisms. It discusses how data is divided into chunks and distributed to nodes for transmission in peer-to-peer networks. The proposed system aims to provide efficient load balancing, eliminate single points of failure, and ensure synchronization and security during data transmission. It uses synchronization algorithms and a hybrid distribution model combining features of peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The system is designed to securely handle insertions, deletions, splits, and concatenations of file chunks in a distributed storage system.
This document discusses providing sensor data as a service. It proposes an event collaboration model where sensor data is pushed to a database when it changes, rather than requiring polling. This would allow users to access up-to-date data through queries. The system would contain various sensors that store data in a database, and provide an interface for users to access visualizations and downloads of the sensor data in different formats like CSV and JSON.
This document discusses providing sensor data as a service. It proposes an event collaboration model where sensor data is pushed to a database when it changes, rather than requiring polling. This would allow users to access up-to-date data through queries. The system would contain various sensors that store data in a database, and provide an interface for users to access visualizations and downloads of the sensor data in different formats like CSV and JSON.
Reactive Stream Processing for Data-centric Publish/SubscribeSumant Tambe
The document discusses the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and key challenges in developing a dataflow programming model and middleware for IIoT systems. It notes that IIoT systems involve large-scale distributed data publishing and processing streams in a parallel manner. Existing pub-sub middleware like DDS can handle data distribution but lack support for composable local data processing. The document proposes combining DDS with reactive programming using Rx.NET to provide a unified dataflow model for both local processing and distribution.
Lately, the Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) have moved to the concept of the hybrids networks in order to get universal platforms in various types of monitoring and information collecting applications. The work presented in this paper aims in designing a hybrid remote monitoring architecture, largely secured by a high availability and resilience WSN. The modeling approach intends to describe the main operation of polling and dispatching between the communications channels with the purpose of ensuring the information availability and reducing the resilience time. To achieve our goal, we have realized an experimental platform of measuring, processing and routing data through hybrid communications technologies. We have illustrated, via curves, the routing of the data measured by a WSN (ZigBee Technology) to a final user through several communication technologies (HTTPS, SMS, ...).
Implementing a Session Aware Policy Based Mechanism for QoS Control in LTEIJERA Editor
Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning has become significant with the widely growth of multimedia applications and high increase in the number of users in both wireless and wired networks. In this paper, we implemented a session-aware policy based mechanism for QoS provisioning and control in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. Policies are a set of rules identifying the QoS parameters for users. Implementation included DiffServ (Differentiated Services) configuration and setting policies inside the PCRF (Policy Charging Rules Function) which is the brain entity in LTE, then mapping from QCI (QoS Class ID) to DiffServ. Moreover, the dialogue between PCEF (Policy Charging Enforcement Function) and PCRF was implemented. Simulations on four different traffic application types: VoIP (voice over IP), video, web, and ftp (file transfer protocol) were performed under the network simulator (ns2). Results showed that applying PCEF over the different traffic applications has a great effect in controlling these applications and specifically UDP (User Datagram Protocol) based applications such as video.
Centralized Data Verification Scheme for Encrypted Cloud Data ServicesEditor IJMTER
Cloud environment supports data sharing between multiple users. Data integrity is violated
due to hardware / software failures and human errors. Data owners and public verifiers are involved to
efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud server. File and
block signatures are used in the integrity verification process.
“One Ring to RUle Them All” (Oruta) scheme is used for privacy-preserving public auditing process. In
oruta homomorphic authenticators are constructed using Ring Signatures. Ring signatures are used to
compute verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The identity of the signer
on each block in shared data is kept private from public verifiers. Homomorphic authenticable ring
signature (HARS) scheme is applied to provide identity privacy with blockless verification. Batch
auditing mechanism supports to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously. Oruta is compatible
with random masking to preserve data privacy from public verifiers. Dynamic data management process
is handled with index hash tables. Traceability is not supported in oruta scheme. Data dynamism
sequence is not managed by the system. The system obtains high computational overhead
The proposed system is designed to perform public data verification with privacy. Traceability features
are provided with identity privacy. Group manager or data owner can be allowed to reveal the identity of
the signer based on verification metadata. Data version management mechanism is integrated with the
system.
INOVA GIS Platform represents centralized Enterprise GIS (Geographical Information System) that enables seamless data access for any number of different departments within business organization and beyond. Data can be accessed for viewing, analyzing, editing, etc. Apart from that, data can be presented to wider audience with the possibility to control what type of data and to what extent it will be presented.
Survey on Synchronizing File Operations Along with Storage Scalable MechanismIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on efficient file operations and storage scalability mechanisms. It discusses how data is divided into chunks and distributed to nodes for transmission in peer-to-peer networks. The proposed system aims to provide efficient load balancing, eliminate single points of failure, and ensure synchronization and security during data transmission. It uses synchronization algorithms and a hybrid distribution model combining features of peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The system is designed to securely handle insertions, deletions, splits, and concatenations of file chunks in a distributed storage system.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a Google File System (GFS) configuration with MapReduce to improve CPU and storage utilization in a cloud computing system. It discusses how GFS with MapReduce can split large files into chunks and distribute the processing of those chunks across idle cloud nodes to make better use of resources. The document also addresses using encryption to improve security of data in the cloud.
Comparative Analysis, Security Aspects & Optimization of Workload in Gfs Base...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using Google File System (GFS) and MapReduce in a cloud computing environment to improve resource utilization and processing of large datasets. The paper discusses GFS architecture with a master node and chunk servers, and how MapReduce can split large files into chunks and process them in parallel across idle cloud nodes. It also proposes encrypting data for security and using a third party to audit client files. The goal is to provide fault tolerance, optimize workload processing time, and maximize utilization of cloud resources for data-intensive applications.
The document discusses the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in OGSA including:
- OGSA defines standard protocols and formats to build large-scale, interoperable grid systems based on services.
- The Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) provides a specification for implementing grid services as stateful web services.
- Some major goals of OGSA are identifying use cases, core platform components, and defining models and profiles for interoperable solutions.
- Security is a key challenge in grid environments due to the need for integration with existing systems, interoperability across different hosting environments, and managing dynamic trust relationships.
A Reconfigurable Component-Based Problem Solving EnvironmentSheila Sinclair
This technical report describes a reconfigurable component-based problem solving environment called DISCWorld. The key features discussed are:
1) DISCWorld uses a data flow model represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of operators to integrate distributed computing components across networks.
2) It supports both long running simulations and parameter search applications by allowing complex processing requests to be composed graphically or through scripting and executed on heterogeneous platforms.
3) Operators can be simple "pure Java" implementations or wrappers to fast platform-specific implementations, and some operators may represent sub-graphs that can be reconfigured to run across multiple servers for faster execution.
The Overview of Discovery and Reconciliation of LTE NetworkIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of the Discovery and Reconciliation of LTE Network system. The system discovers physical and logical network assets from the LTE network and reconciles them with records stored in the Adaptive Inventory database. It identifies any discrepancies between the network assets and database records, along with ways to resolve the discrepancies either manually or automatically. The system uses various modules like the NMS Sweep Module and LTE Module to discover different parts of the LTE network, and the Equipment Hierarchy Module reconciles the physical network information.
ENHANCING AND MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE IN SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKINGIJCNCJournal
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a challenging chapter in today’s networking era. It is a network design approach that engages the framework to be controlled or 'altered' adroitly and halfway using programming applications. SDN is a serious advancement that assures to provide a better strategy than displaying the Quality of Service (QoS) approach in the present correspondence frameworks. SDN etymologically changes the lead and convenience of system instruments using the single high state program. It separates the system control and sending functions, empowering the network control to end up specifically. It provides more functionality and more flexibility than the traditional networks. A network administrator can easily shape the traffic without touching any individual switches and services which are needed in a network. The main technology for implementing SDN is a separation of data plane and control plane, network virtualization through programmability. The total amount of time in which user can respond is called response time. Throughput is known as how fast a network can send data. In this paper, we have design a network through which we have measured the Response Time and Throughput comparing with the Real-time Online Interactive Applications (ROIA), Multiple Packet Scheduler, and NOX.
Spanner is Google's globally distributed database that provides externally consistent distributed transactions across data centers worldwide. It uses a novel TrueTime API to assign globally meaningful timestamps to transactions despite distribution, enabling features like consistent backups and schema updates at global scale. The database replicates data across multiple zones using the Paxos consensus protocol and provides a SQL-like query interface along with a schematized semi-relational data model.
The document discusses OGSI (Open Grid Services Infrastructure), which defines mechanisms for creating, managing, and exchanging information among grid services. OGSI builds on web services standards like SOAP, XML, and WS-Security to provide a common way to access grid services. The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) defines the overall structure and services provided in grid environments. OGSI further specifies the behaviors and interfaces that define how clients interact with grid capabilities. Standards are important for making grid computing practical by enabling interoperability, application portability, and efficient resource sharing across systems.
Stream Processing Environmental Applications in Jordan ValleyCSCJournals
This document discusses stream processing applications for environmental monitoring in Jordan Valley. It presents statistical data collected from weather stations in different Jordan Valley locations. Stream processing is important for continuous monitoring systems to detect events in real-time. The document outlines considerations for stream processing engine design like communication, computation, and flexibility. It also describes Jordan's Irrigation Management Information System, which uses real-time meteorological data from weather stations to optimize water usage for agriculture.
Energy Meters using Internet of Things PlatformIRJET Journal
This document proposes an architecture and implementation for integrating energy meters with an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The key aspects of the approach are: 1) Integrating smart grid applications and home applications using a common IoT infrastructure, 2) Collecting data from different sensor communication protocols, 3) Providing secure and customized data access, and 4) Mapping sensors and actuators to a common abstraction layer to enable multiple concurrent applications. The proposed system was demonstrated with a kit using Zigbee meters and gateways connected to an IoT server and custom user interface.
The Open Science Grid Consortium aims to build a sustainable national production Grid infrastructure in the United States that will support scientific collaborations. It will build upon existing Grid infrastructures like Grid3 and SAMGrid by integrating distributed computing facilities at laboratories and universities. The Consortium plans to evolve this infrastructure to meet the long-term computational needs of the experimental physics community in the US, which will require increasing its scale, performance, and capabilities by an order of magnitude or more. It also seeks to accommodate the needs of other science partners by developing a flexible framework of services and ensuring the coherent operation of the whole system.
This document discusses stream computing and its applications. Stream computing involves processing continuous streams of data in real-time, as opposed to batch processing of large static datasets. It describes key aspects of stream computing like filtering data streams and producing output streams. It also provides examples of applications that can benefit from stream computing, such as efficient traffic management, real-time surveillance, critical care monitoring in hospitals, and intrusion detection systems. The document concludes that stream computing platforms like System S are well-suited for scalable and adaptive real-time data processing.
Spanner Google’s Globally-Distributed DatabaseJames C. Corbett,.docxrafbolet0
Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database
James C. Corbett, Jeffrey Dean, Michael Epstein, Andrew Fikes, Christopher Frost, JJ Furman, Sanjay Ghemawat, Andrey Gubarev, Christopher Heiser, Peter Hochschild, Wilson Hsieh,
Sebastian Kanthak, Eugene Kogan, Hongyi Li, Alexander Lloyd, Sergey Melnik, David Mwaura,
David Nagle, Sean Quinlan, Rajesh Rao, Lindsay Rolig, Yasushi Saito, Michal Szymaniak, Christopher Taylor, Ruth Wang, Dale Woodford
Google, Inc.
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 1
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 1
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 16
Abstract
Spanner is Google’s scalable, multi-version, globallydistributed, and synchronously-replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This paper describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free read-only transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.Introduction
Spanner is a scalable, globally-distributed database designed, built, and deployed at Google. At the highest level of abstraction, it is a database that shards data across many sets of Paxos [21] state machines in datacenters spread all over the world. Replication is used for global availability and geographic locality; clients automatically failover between replicas. Spanner automatically reshards data across machines as the amount of data or the number of servers changes, and it automatically migrates data across machines (even across datacenters) to balance load and in response to failures. Spanner is designed to scale up to millions of machines across hundreds of datacenters and trillions of database rows.
Applications can use Spanner for high availability, even in the face of wide-area natural disasters, by replicating their data within or even across continents. Our initial customer was F1 [35], a rewrite of Google’s advertising backend. F1 uses five replicas spread across the United States. Most other applications will probably replicate their data across 3 to 5 datacenters in one geographic region, but with relatively independent failure modes. That is, most applications will choose lower latency over higher availability, as long as they can survive 1 or 2 datacenter failures.
Spanner’s main focus is managing cross-datacenter replicated data, but we have also spent a great deal of time in designing and implementing important database features on top of our distributed-systems infrastructure. Even though many projects happily use Bigtable [9], we have also consistently received complaints from users that Bigtable can be difficult to use for some kinds of applications: those that have complex, evolving schemas, or those t.
A Proposal for End-to-End QoS Provisioning in Software-Defined NetworksIJECEIAES
This paper describes a framework application for the control plane of a network infras- tructure; the objective is to feature end-user applications with the capability of requesting at any time a customised end-to-end Quality-of-Service profile in the context of dynamic Service-Level-Agreements. Our solution targets current and future real-time applications that require tight QoS parameters, such as a guaranteed end-to-end delay bound. These applications include, but are not limited to, health-care, mobility, education, manufacturing, smart grids, gaming and much more. We discuss the issues related to the previous Integrated Service and the reason why the RSVP protocol for guaranteed QoS did not take off. Then we present a new signaling and resource reservation framework based on the cutting-edge network controller ONOS. Moreover, the presented system foresees the need of considering the edges of the network, where terminal applications are connected to, to be piloted by distinct logically centralised controllers. We discuss a possible inter-domain communication mechanism to achieve the end-to-end QoS guarantee.
IRJET- Pervasive Computing Service Discovery in Secure Framework EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses pervasive computing service discovery in a secure framework environment. It describes the objectives and features of service discovery, including service description, discovery architecture, announcement and querying of services, service usage, configuration updates, and various industry approaches to service discovery like SLP and Jini. It also discusses designing a taxonomy for the environment setup and the importance of security and privacy in service discovery, including user authentication, authorization, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy. Security technology is a central feature for the success of pervasive computing systems.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS FOR QOS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijcses
Nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc network are connected wirelessly and the network is auto configuring [1]. This paper introduces the usefulness of data warehouse as an alternative to manage data collected by WSN.Wireless Sensor Network produces huge quantity of data that need to be proceeded and homogenised, so as to help researchers and other people interested in the information. Collected data is managed and compared with other coming from datasources and systems could participate in technical report and decision making. This paper proposes a model to design, extract, transform and normalize data collected by Wireless Sensor Networks by implementing a multidimensional warehouse for comparing many aspects in WSN such as (routing protocol[4], sensor, sensor mobility, cluster ….). Hence, data warehouse defined and applied to the context above is presented as a useful approach that gives specialists row data and information for decision processes and navigate from one aspect to another.
This document describes a web application for analyzing building energy management data using predictive modeling and machine learning techniques. The application contains years of sensor data from a CUNY building and allows users to visualize the data, perform statistical analysis, and generate forecasts using Python modules. Key features include interactive data visualization, filtering and selecting subsets of data, defining expressions of sensor variables, and applying machine learning models for prediction. The application provides a customizable platform for exploring time series data while allowing different users to share their work.
Active Network is a novel approach of networking to mobile users in which the nodes are programmed to perform custom operations on the messages that pass through the node. It provides an architectural support for dynamically deploying new protocols in an existing network topology. The routers in an active network can download and execute code that is contained in the packets passing through them, thus rendering the node recognized and run totally new protocols without making any changes to the architecture of the network. Because the network's behavior can be altered at any time, active networks could be used to provide dynamic quality of service (QoS) or to support dynamic solutions to traffic congestion. This research implements and tests such specialized Active Networks security service known as the firewall and the ping service in Active Network. Active Network environment will be implemented on a small scale test scenario in order to study the performance and characteristics of active networks
The document discusses the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) standards for grid computing. OGSA defines the overall structure and services for grid environments using a distributed computing model. OGSI specifies a set of service primitives and behaviors for grid services. These standards leverage existing web service standards like WSDL to provide interfaces for grid services.
Pay Someone To Write An Essay - College. Online assignment writing service.Kristen Carter
The document discusses steps to pay someone to write an essay through the HelpWriting.net website. It involves creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadlines, and reviewing writer bids before choosing a writer and placing a deposit. The writer will submit a paper for review, and the client can request revisions until satisfied before authorizing full payment. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work.
Literary Essay Writing DIGITAL Interactive NotebKristen Carter
1. Submit account opening documents like KYC forms and bank details.
2. Place trade orders which are executed on the exchange.
3. Trades are settled on a T+2 basis, meaning payment is due within 2 working days of trade date.
4. Funds are transferred between broker and client bank accounts and shares are credited/debited to the demat account to complete settlement.
5. Regular monitoring of account, positions, and payments is required to ensure timely settlement.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a Google File System (GFS) configuration with MapReduce to improve CPU and storage utilization in a cloud computing system. It discusses how GFS with MapReduce can split large files into chunks and distribute the processing of those chunks across idle cloud nodes to make better use of resources. The document also addresses using encryption to improve security of data in the cloud.
Comparative Analysis, Security Aspects & Optimization of Workload in Gfs Base...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using Google File System (GFS) and MapReduce in a cloud computing environment to improve resource utilization and processing of large datasets. The paper discusses GFS architecture with a master node and chunk servers, and how MapReduce can split large files into chunks and process them in parallel across idle cloud nodes. It also proposes encrypting data for security and using a third party to audit client files. The goal is to provide fault tolerance, optimize workload processing time, and maximize utilization of cloud resources for data-intensive applications.
The document discusses the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in OGSA including:
- OGSA defines standard protocols and formats to build large-scale, interoperable grid systems based on services.
- The Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) provides a specification for implementing grid services as stateful web services.
- Some major goals of OGSA are identifying use cases, core platform components, and defining models and profiles for interoperable solutions.
- Security is a key challenge in grid environments due to the need for integration with existing systems, interoperability across different hosting environments, and managing dynamic trust relationships.
A Reconfigurable Component-Based Problem Solving EnvironmentSheila Sinclair
This technical report describes a reconfigurable component-based problem solving environment called DISCWorld. The key features discussed are:
1) DISCWorld uses a data flow model represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of operators to integrate distributed computing components across networks.
2) It supports both long running simulations and parameter search applications by allowing complex processing requests to be composed graphically or through scripting and executed on heterogeneous platforms.
3) Operators can be simple "pure Java" implementations or wrappers to fast platform-specific implementations, and some operators may represent sub-graphs that can be reconfigured to run across multiple servers for faster execution.
The Overview of Discovery and Reconciliation of LTE NetworkIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of the Discovery and Reconciliation of LTE Network system. The system discovers physical and logical network assets from the LTE network and reconciles them with records stored in the Adaptive Inventory database. It identifies any discrepancies between the network assets and database records, along with ways to resolve the discrepancies either manually or automatically. The system uses various modules like the NMS Sweep Module and LTE Module to discover different parts of the LTE network, and the Equipment Hierarchy Module reconciles the physical network information.
ENHANCING AND MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE IN SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKINGIJCNCJournal
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a challenging chapter in today’s networking era. It is a network design approach that engages the framework to be controlled or 'altered' adroitly and halfway using programming applications. SDN is a serious advancement that assures to provide a better strategy than displaying the Quality of Service (QoS) approach in the present correspondence frameworks. SDN etymologically changes the lead and convenience of system instruments using the single high state program. It separates the system control and sending functions, empowering the network control to end up specifically. It provides more functionality and more flexibility than the traditional networks. A network administrator can easily shape the traffic without touching any individual switches and services which are needed in a network. The main technology for implementing SDN is a separation of data plane and control plane, network virtualization through programmability. The total amount of time in which user can respond is called response time. Throughput is known as how fast a network can send data. In this paper, we have design a network through which we have measured the Response Time and Throughput comparing with the Real-time Online Interactive Applications (ROIA), Multiple Packet Scheduler, and NOX.
Spanner is Google's globally distributed database that provides externally consistent distributed transactions across data centers worldwide. It uses a novel TrueTime API to assign globally meaningful timestamps to transactions despite distribution, enabling features like consistent backups and schema updates at global scale. The database replicates data across multiple zones using the Paxos consensus protocol and provides a SQL-like query interface along with a schematized semi-relational data model.
The document discusses OGSI (Open Grid Services Infrastructure), which defines mechanisms for creating, managing, and exchanging information among grid services. OGSI builds on web services standards like SOAP, XML, and WS-Security to provide a common way to access grid services. The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) defines the overall structure and services provided in grid environments. OGSI further specifies the behaviors and interfaces that define how clients interact with grid capabilities. Standards are important for making grid computing practical by enabling interoperability, application portability, and efficient resource sharing across systems.
Stream Processing Environmental Applications in Jordan ValleyCSCJournals
This document discusses stream processing applications for environmental monitoring in Jordan Valley. It presents statistical data collected from weather stations in different Jordan Valley locations. Stream processing is important for continuous monitoring systems to detect events in real-time. The document outlines considerations for stream processing engine design like communication, computation, and flexibility. It also describes Jordan's Irrigation Management Information System, which uses real-time meteorological data from weather stations to optimize water usage for agriculture.
Energy Meters using Internet of Things PlatformIRJET Journal
This document proposes an architecture and implementation for integrating energy meters with an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The key aspects of the approach are: 1) Integrating smart grid applications and home applications using a common IoT infrastructure, 2) Collecting data from different sensor communication protocols, 3) Providing secure and customized data access, and 4) Mapping sensors and actuators to a common abstraction layer to enable multiple concurrent applications. The proposed system was demonstrated with a kit using Zigbee meters and gateways connected to an IoT server and custom user interface.
The Open Science Grid Consortium aims to build a sustainable national production Grid infrastructure in the United States that will support scientific collaborations. It will build upon existing Grid infrastructures like Grid3 and SAMGrid by integrating distributed computing facilities at laboratories and universities. The Consortium plans to evolve this infrastructure to meet the long-term computational needs of the experimental physics community in the US, which will require increasing its scale, performance, and capabilities by an order of magnitude or more. It also seeks to accommodate the needs of other science partners by developing a flexible framework of services and ensuring the coherent operation of the whole system.
This document discusses stream computing and its applications. Stream computing involves processing continuous streams of data in real-time, as opposed to batch processing of large static datasets. It describes key aspects of stream computing like filtering data streams and producing output streams. It also provides examples of applications that can benefit from stream computing, such as efficient traffic management, real-time surveillance, critical care monitoring in hospitals, and intrusion detection systems. The document concludes that stream computing platforms like System S are well-suited for scalable and adaptive real-time data processing.
Spanner Google’s Globally-Distributed DatabaseJames C. Corbett,.docxrafbolet0
Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database
James C. Corbett, Jeffrey Dean, Michael Epstein, Andrew Fikes, Christopher Frost, JJ Furman, Sanjay Ghemawat, Andrey Gubarev, Christopher Heiser, Peter Hochschild, Wilson Hsieh,
Sebastian Kanthak, Eugene Kogan, Hongyi Li, Alexander Lloyd, Sergey Melnik, David Mwaura,
David Nagle, Sean Quinlan, Rajesh Rao, Lindsay Rolig, Yasushi Saito, Michal Szymaniak, Christopher Taylor, Ruth Wang, Dale Woodford
Google, Inc.
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 1
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 1
Published in the Proceedings of OSDI 2012 16
Abstract
Spanner is Google’s scalable, multi-version, globallydistributed, and synchronously-replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This paper describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free read-only transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.Introduction
Spanner is a scalable, globally-distributed database designed, built, and deployed at Google. At the highest level of abstraction, it is a database that shards data across many sets of Paxos [21] state machines in datacenters spread all over the world. Replication is used for global availability and geographic locality; clients automatically failover between replicas. Spanner automatically reshards data across machines as the amount of data or the number of servers changes, and it automatically migrates data across machines (even across datacenters) to balance load and in response to failures. Spanner is designed to scale up to millions of machines across hundreds of datacenters and trillions of database rows.
Applications can use Spanner for high availability, even in the face of wide-area natural disasters, by replicating their data within or even across continents. Our initial customer was F1 [35], a rewrite of Google’s advertising backend. F1 uses five replicas spread across the United States. Most other applications will probably replicate their data across 3 to 5 datacenters in one geographic region, but with relatively independent failure modes. That is, most applications will choose lower latency over higher availability, as long as they can survive 1 or 2 datacenter failures.
Spanner’s main focus is managing cross-datacenter replicated data, but we have also spent a great deal of time in designing and implementing important database features on top of our distributed-systems infrastructure. Even though many projects happily use Bigtable [9], we have also consistently received complaints from users that Bigtable can be difficult to use for some kinds of applications: those that have complex, evolving schemas, or those t.
A Proposal for End-to-End QoS Provisioning in Software-Defined NetworksIJECEIAES
This paper describes a framework application for the control plane of a network infras- tructure; the objective is to feature end-user applications with the capability of requesting at any time a customised end-to-end Quality-of-Service profile in the context of dynamic Service-Level-Agreements. Our solution targets current and future real-time applications that require tight QoS parameters, such as a guaranteed end-to-end delay bound. These applications include, but are not limited to, health-care, mobility, education, manufacturing, smart grids, gaming and much more. We discuss the issues related to the previous Integrated Service and the reason why the RSVP protocol for guaranteed QoS did not take off. Then we present a new signaling and resource reservation framework based on the cutting-edge network controller ONOS. Moreover, the presented system foresees the need of considering the edges of the network, where terminal applications are connected to, to be piloted by distinct logically centralised controllers. We discuss a possible inter-domain communication mechanism to achieve the end-to-end QoS guarantee.
IRJET- Pervasive Computing Service Discovery in Secure Framework EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses pervasive computing service discovery in a secure framework environment. It describes the objectives and features of service discovery, including service description, discovery architecture, announcement and querying of services, service usage, configuration updates, and various industry approaches to service discovery like SLP and Jini. It also discusses designing a taxonomy for the environment setup and the importance of security and privacy in service discovery, including user authentication, authorization, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy. Security technology is a central feature for the success of pervasive computing systems.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS FOR QOS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijcses
Nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc network are connected wirelessly and the network is auto configuring [1]. This paper introduces the usefulness of data warehouse as an alternative to manage data collected by WSN.Wireless Sensor Network produces huge quantity of data that need to be proceeded and homogenised, so as to help researchers and other people interested in the information. Collected data is managed and compared with other coming from datasources and systems could participate in technical report and decision making. This paper proposes a model to design, extract, transform and normalize data collected by Wireless Sensor Networks by implementing a multidimensional warehouse for comparing many aspects in WSN such as (routing protocol[4], sensor, sensor mobility, cluster ….). Hence, data warehouse defined and applied to the context above is presented as a useful approach that gives specialists row data and information for decision processes and navigate from one aspect to another.
This document describes a web application for analyzing building energy management data using predictive modeling and machine learning techniques. The application contains years of sensor data from a CUNY building and allows users to visualize the data, perform statistical analysis, and generate forecasts using Python modules. Key features include interactive data visualization, filtering and selecting subsets of data, defining expressions of sensor variables, and applying machine learning models for prediction. The application provides a customizable platform for exploring time series data while allowing different users to share their work.
Active Network is a novel approach of networking to mobile users in which the nodes are programmed to perform custom operations on the messages that pass through the node. It provides an architectural support for dynamically deploying new protocols in an existing network topology. The routers in an active network can download and execute code that is contained in the packets passing through them, thus rendering the node recognized and run totally new protocols without making any changes to the architecture of the network. Because the network's behavior can be altered at any time, active networks could be used to provide dynamic quality of service (QoS) or to support dynamic solutions to traffic congestion. This research implements and tests such specialized Active Networks security service known as the firewall and the ping service in Active Network. Active Network environment will be implemented on a small scale test scenario in order to study the performance and characteristics of active networks
The document discusses the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) standards for grid computing. OGSA defines the overall structure and services for grid environments using a distributed computing model. OGSI specifies a set of service primitives and behaviors for grid services. These standards leverage existing web service standards like WSDL to provide interfaces for grid services.
Semelhante a A Portal For Visualizing Grid Usage (20)
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This document outlines a master plan of evaluation for Tampa General Hospital's 2016 HCAHPS Improvement Education program for nurses. The plan will track and measure the success of program outcomes using an evaluation framework to guide data collection and analysis. Key components to be evaluated include nurse satisfaction, patient experience scores, and clinical outcomes. Data will be collected at multiple points and compared to benchmarks to assess the impact of the educational program on improving healthcare quality and patient experience.
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The Italian Mafia originated in Sicily, Italy in the late 1800s and expanded their criminal operations to the United States in the early 1900s. They were involved in various illegal activities like prostitution, drug trafficking, and other crimes. The Mafia network grew more powerful and influential over time as they established roots in America through criminal enterprises and corruption. Their influence peaked in the mid-1900s before efforts to crack down on organized crime in the US.
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8 Best Images Of Free Printable Journal PageKristen Carter
Here is a brief overview of the structure of education in the UK from early years to post-compulsory education:
Early Years (0-5 years old)
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Editable Name Tracing Preschool Alphabetworksh. Online assignment writing ser...Kristen Carter
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How To Top Google By Writing Articles. Online assignment writing service.Kristen Carter
Here is a potential thesis and outline for an essay analyzing Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken":
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How To Keep Yourself Motivated At Work - MiddleKristen Carter
Here are the key differences between university and school:
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College Essay Topics To Avoid SupertutorTVKristen Carter
This document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds offered for plagiarized work. Customers can obtain assistance with assignments through a bidding system on the site.
Table Of Contents - Thesis And Dissertation - ResearcKristen Carter
The devils in "Young Goodman Brown" and "The Man in the Black Suit" have different appearances and goals. In "Young Goodman Brown", the devil appears as a sinister old man and succeeds in corrupting Goodman Brown's faith. In "The Man in the Black Suit", the devil appears as a charming businessman but fails to change the protagonist's beliefs. While both aim to undermine the protagonists' innocence, only the devil in "Young Goodman Brown" fully achieves his goal of corruption.
The Doctrines Of The Scriptures Buy College EssKristen Carter
The document summarizes a police report regarding an alleged assault involving Jordan Lundy and Alesha McCool. According to Lundy, McCool confronted and yelled at him at her home, then followed him into the street continuing to yell, where she pushed him hard enough to make him fall backwards and then slapped him. McCool provided a different account, saying Lundy was disrespectful and called her names, and that she only followed him outside to make sure he left the property. The officer collected statements from both parties involved in the reported assault.
Short Essay On Terrorism. Terro. Online assignment writing service.Kristen Carter
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How To Write A Body Paragraph For An ArgumentKristen Carter
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE
Concurrency Computat.: Pract. Exper. 2007; 19:1683–1692
Published online 7 June 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/cpe.1137
A portal for visualizing
Grid usage
Gregor von Laszewski1,2,∗,†, Jonathan DiCarlo2
and Bill Allcock1
1Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A.
2University of Chicago, Computation Institute, Research Institutes Building,
#402, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.
SUMMARY
We introduce a framework for measuring the use of Grid services and exposing simple summary data to an
authorized set of Grid users through a JSR168-enabled portal. The sensor framework has been integrated
into the Globus Toolkit and allows Grid administrators to have access to a mechanism helping with report
and usage statistics. Although the original focus was the reporting of actions in relationship to GridFTP
services, the usage service has been expanded to report also on the use of other Grid services. Copyright c
2007 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Received 8 December 2005; Accepted 11 July 2006
KEY WORDS: Grid monitoring; Grid usage; Java CoG Kit
1. INTRODUCTION
As the Grid evolves [1] and is used in a dynamically changing environment, it is important to be able
to measure how Grid services are used in an instantiation of a production Grid.
By enhancing Grid services with the ability to report usage as part of a tightly integrated software
solution, we allow production Grids to monitor which services are used when. Such usage data are
essential for the development of mechanisms that deal with the ad hoc and sporadic nature of a Grid.
Having such information enables the community to develop more sophisticated prediction algorithms
and fault-tolerant Grid frameworks and to fulfill the need for reporting. With this information we
∗Correspondence to: Gregor von Laszewski, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass
Avenues, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A.
†E-mail: gregor@mcs.anl.gov
Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy; contract/grant number: DE-AC02-06CH11357
Contract/grant sponsor: NSF NMI program
Copyright c
2007 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
2. 1684
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DOI: 10.1002/cpe
G. VON LASZEWSKI, J. DICARLO AND B. ALLCOCK
can develop next-generation scheduling systems, quality-of-service guarantees, adaptive systems, and
optimizations.
In the development of a usage service, we need to address the following elementary questions.
• What data needs to be reported?
• When do we need to report?
• Where do we collect the information and archive it?
• Who should have access to the data or a subset of the data?
• How can we use this data in developing advanced Grid services?
As with every information service in the Grid, special importance must be placed on privacy and
security issues.
In this paper we introduce a framework that allows the monitoring of Grid services. The data are
archived and can be visualized through a Grid portal using the Java Specification Request 168 Portlet
Specification (JST168) compatible portlets [2,3]. The framework has been tested and is now integrated
as part of the Globus Toolkit.
The paper is structured as follows. First, we summarize some related work. Next, we introduce the
architecture of our framework. Then, we focus on the portlets that display the data as part of a portal.
We conclude with a summary of the advantages of this new framework.
2. RELATED WORK
Monitoring has always been a major part of distributed computing, including Grid computing. Hence,
multiple frameworks are available, and others are under development. It is beyond the scope of this
paper to provide a comprehensive overview of all these efforts. We focus instead on particular features
of two types of systems: those designed for monitoring resources availability and status, and those
designed for monitoring resource usage. Most available systems focus on resource availability and
status. For example, they report which compute resources are available at a particular time, what disk
space is available, and how the CPU is used. Ganglia [4], MonALISA [5], and the Globus Toolkit
MDS [6,7] are examples of general-purpose resource-monitoring systems.
Usage-monitoring systems answer the following question: What are users doing with the resources?
Such systems may be used as part of intrusion detection services or advanced Grid services that
dynamically adapt based on use patterns. Examples of projects that deal with usage data are the
GGF GAMA working group and the Round Robin Database tool (RRD) [8], which is similar to our
framework’s visualization component in that it generates charts from quantities in a database.
3. DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE
The design of our Grid Usage Sensor Service (GUSS) is independent of the Globus Toolkit and can,
in principle, be reused by other frameworks and Grid services. However, to demonstrate its usefulness
in a real Grid middleware, we are paying special attention to how we can use our framework in the
Globus Toolkit. The GUSS architecture is inherently distributed in order to foster the distributed nature
of Grids. Figure 1 depicts a high-level architectural view of the GUSS framework, while demonstrating
Copyright c
2007 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
3. 1685
Concurrency Computat.: Pract. Exper. 2007; 19:1683–1692
DOI: 10.1002/cpe
A PORTAL FOR VISUALIZING GRID USAGE
Figure 1. Grid usage sensor and service framework architecture.
the integration of services of the Globus Toolkit that have been augmented with usage sensors.
We distinguish the following components.
• Sensor. A sensor is a component that senses the use of a component and forwards this
information to a usage collector.
• Server. A usage collector receives the information of a sensor and forwards the information to a
server that internally prepares the data for archiving to a database or uses e-mail notifications to
inform users about usage information.
• Visualization server. The visualization server contains a JSR168 portable portlet that, based on
information filled out by a user, retrieves data from the database and prepares the data in a
suitable diagram or table via a charting component. A portlet displays a window in which the user
can select and query the database. Through the portal the access to the portlet can be restricted.
• Thick client. In addition to the portlet, the user can also browse the data directly through a Java
Swing component if the user is allowed to access the Web service.
We have designed our framework to be integrated into Grid middleware such as the Globus Toolkit.
Specifically, we have provided a language-independent implementation that uses specialized protocols
between the sensors and the service. Hence it is possible to provide implementations (e.g. in C and Java)
as they build the basis for the Globus Toolkit implementation. We have developed specialized sensor
Copyright c
2007 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
4. 1686
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DOI: 10.1002/cpe
G. VON LASZEWSKI, J. DICARLO AND B. ALLCOCK
Table I. Makeup of general usage packets.
Bytes Contents
0–1 Service class identification
2–3 Packet version identification
4–end Component-specific information
protocols and the associated sensors and clients for the GridFTP server, the Reliable File Transfer
service, the Replication Location Services, the Java Web Services Core, the C Web Services Core, and
the Grid Resource Allocation Manager. As each component can log its own data, one can customize
what data are reported. For example, whenever the GridFTP server finishes sending or receiving a file,
it sends out packets containing file metadata such as size and information about the transfer start and
end times. In contrast, the Java Web Services core sensor [9] sends out packets each time the container
is started or stopped, and includes a list of the Web services that are running in the container.
At present we use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to submit the data between the sensor and the
clients (UDP is also used by the Condor project in their monitoring framework). However, one could
adapt the architecture to use different protocols that provide more reliability. In our tests we found that
using UDP provides several advantages, especially if parts of a network become unavailable. In such
a case summary information can be send out at a later time. To improve performance under load, we
have integrated in the server two listener threads for each sensor type: a high-priority thread catches
packets and puts them unchanged into a ring buffer, and a low-priority thread takes packets out of
the ring buffer and parses them. Once the server has parsed the data, they are analyzed and archived.
Summary information is also generated periodically and stored in a historical database.
A cron job is used to control the frequency of the statistical analysis process. Another cron job
allows the service to forward the summary information to a mailing list, to which authorized users may
subscribe.
To improve the performance of the framework, we have taken care to ensure that the database and
the GUSS server can be run on different machines. Furthermore, we have integrated a cron job that
moves sensor data to a secondary archive tables at a given time interval. Hence the data immediately
accessible for processing in the server are kept small. The architecture supports two mechanisms to
expose the data: a Java client that allows one to query and display the data in graphical form, and a
JSR168-based portlet that allows the display in a portal.
3.1. Sensor data format and components
To parse the packets, we use the ‘chain of responsibility’ pattern [10]. For each Grid service class we
customize handlers. Hence, one can develop new handlers and extend the framework with user-defined
sensors and their analysis. For rapid parsing we have designed our packets according to the information
provided in Table I.
To decide whether to handle a packet, a handler examines the first 2 bytes. Our usage update packets
always contain a Grid service class identification in the first 8 bytes and a packet version identification
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Table II. GridFTP usage packet contents, by bytes.
Bytes Contents
0–1 Component code (0 for GridFTP)
2–3 Packet version code
4–19 IP address (if IPv4, the first 12 bytes will be 0)
20–23 Timestamp (UNIX format)
24–end Text containing fields in the NAME=VALUE format, separated by spaces
in the next 2 bytes. The advantage of using this pattern is that, when we add monitoring for a new
Grid service, one can easily write a new handler subclass and register it with the listener. Also, if we
need to change the format of a packet (e.g. when we start monitoring a new feature), we can assign a
new packet version identification and create a handler for it, while leaving the old handler to continue
parsing packets from the old version.
At present, we keep the length of all usage update packets under 1472 bytes to avoid packet
fragmentation, since many routers discard fragmented UDP packets. We have assigned a service
class identification for several components of the Globus Toolkit [11] according to the numbers 0–7.
This includes GridFTP, GRAM, Java Core, C WS Core, RFT, and RLS.
It is beyond the scope of this paper to present a detailed technical description of all the different
sensor packets designed for the Globus Toolkit; however, we select the current implementation of the
GridFTP packets as an example. The data transmitted from the sensors to the server are organized as
depicted in Table II. We note that the contents starting at byte 24 contains a separate list of name value
pairs. To reduce the size of the packets, one could assign a mapping between these value pairs and a
number of fixed bytes. Currently, however, we use fully quantified names as depicted in Table III.
Of these fields, the ones of most interest are the start and finish times of the transfer, the host,
the file size, and the operation (store or retrieve). During the summarization process, many derived
quantities are calculated from this basic information. A GridFTP transfer can involve up to three hosts:
the sender, the receiver, and the host that commanded the transfer, which may be distinct from the other
two. Since the GridFTP server sends update packets on both store operations (file received) and retrieve
operations (file sent), the listener sometimes receives two update packets for the same transfer. It stores
both packets in the database; the GUSS service must handle such a situation and avoid double-counting
the transfer.
3.2. Scalability
We began data collection in March 2005. By June 2005 the number of GridFTP packets alone was
already over 6 million, and we expect the growth to accelerate as more sites adopt Globus Toolkit 4.
Even if the storage space is not a problem, the need to search so many rows may adversely affect query
performance. Therefore, we use summarization and archival to reduce the need for queries to search
through all of these packet records. The data that we summarize include obvious data points such as
the total and average number of data entries as well as histograms showing the total number of hosts,
transfer speed, transfer duration, and transfer size and their standard deviation.
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Table III. GridFTP usage packet contents, by field name.
Field name Contents
HOSTNAME Name of the host logging the transfer
START Time that transfer was initiated, in YYYYMMDDhhmmss.uuuuuu format (where u
is microseconds)
END Time that transfer was completed, in YYYYMMDDhhmmss.uuuuuuu format
VER Quoted string describing GridFTP server version
BUFFER Size of the buffer used in the transfer
BLOCK Block size used in the transfer
NBYTES Number of bytes in the file transferred
STREAMS Number of streams used in the transfer
STRIPES Number of stripes used in the transfer
TYPE ‘STOR’ if the logging host is storing the file to disk, ‘RETR’ if the logging host is
retrieving it from disk
CODE Completion status code. 226 is the code for a successful transfer
3.3. Visualization
To provide adequate support for analyzing and monitoring the data, we have also developed a
visualization strategy based on a portal that interfaces to a GUSS Web server. It responds to two types
of user requests: requests for plots of quantities over specified time periods, and requests for tabular
summaries of overall usage. To answer these requests, it queries the database, compiles the individual
usage packets into a summary for each time period, generates an image file of a plot if necessary, and
returns an html fragment to the client. The primary intended client is the GUSS portlet, but the service
is general enough to be used by arbitrary clients.
An example of input to the portlet is the number of GridFTP transfers during a specific hour, day, or
week. Eight statistical quantities can be requested from the service. Each of the quantities is calculated
from the low-level data in the individual GridFTP transfer records that are internally aggregated over
the time period specified by a granularity specification. The following quantities are observed:
• the number of unique hosts active during the time period (where ‘active’ means that they sent or
received at least one file);
• the number of files transferred (regardless of host) during the time period;
• the total number of bytes in all files transferred during the time period;
• the number of new hosts observed for the first time during the period;
• the mean time taken for a single transfer, with standard deviation, averaged over the time period;
• the mean size of a file transfer, with standard deviation, averaged over the time period;
• the mean file transfer speed (size divided by time), with standard deviation, averaged over the
time period;
• the mean number of streams used in transfers, averaged over the time period.
Internally, the functionality of the GUSS Web service can be divided into subtasks as follows.
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Figure 2. Query issued to the GUSS database from the GUSS portlet.
1. Get and parse request coming from GUSSClient, including the time period (start and end dates)
in question, the quantity to be plotted, and the time granularity (by hour, by day, etc.).
2. Compare new request to recently served requests to see whether an existing image file can be
reused.
3. Check whether summaries exist for all of the time periods between the requested start and end
dates and for all of the host categories of interest.
4. Get records from a GridFTP transfer database table. (There have been, on occasion, hundreds of
thousands of rows within a single hour, so, to avoid running out of memory, we get these records
a few at a time.)
5. Process all retrieved records to calculate averages, totals, and standard deviations, and store all of
these as a summary in the database, keyed to the time period, for later use. Create one summary
for each category of host.
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Table IV. Known GridFTP hosts by top-level domain.
Domain Number Comments
.gov 28 Of which eight are mcs.anl.gov
.edu 71 Of which 14 are isi.edu
.com 5
.org 126 Of which 97 are teragrid.org
.mil 1
.net 14
.am 1 Armenia
.ar 2 Argentina
.at 9 Austria
.au 9 Australia
.br 3 Brazil
.ca 10 Canada
.ch 1 Switzerland
.cl 2 Chile
.cn 1 China
.cz 2 Czech Republic
.de 6 Germany
.es 21 Spain
.fi 3 Finland
.gr 4 Greece
.hr 4 Croatia/Hrvatska
.it 14 Italy
.ie 1 Ireland
.in 1 India
.jp 14 Japan
.kr 12 South Korea
.nl 1 Netherlands
.pl 3 Poland
.ru 9 Russia
.sg 5 Singapore
.sk 1 Slovak Republic
.th 1 Thailand
.tw 11 Taiwan
.ua 2 Ukraine
.uk 23 United Kingdom
.us 1 United States
Total 422 Not counting six hosts whose top-level
domains could not be identified
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Table V. Usage packets arranged by Globus component.
Component Number of packets Percentage of total
GridFTP 1 643 596 72.33
C WS Core 180 454 7.94
GRAM 173 936 7.65
Java WS Cor 57 956 2.55
RLS 6398 0.28
RFT 210 063 9.24
unparsable 256 0.01
Total 2 272 403
6. Using the summaries for each time period in the range, create chart of the user’s chosen quantity,
and save this as an image file. Return to the client an html fragment containing a link to the
image filed.
Alternatively, return to the client an html fragment containing a table of numerical data calculated
from the summaries. Figure 2 shows an example of the portal while depicting the number of active
hosts participating in GridFTP transfers at a specified day.
4. RESULTS
Between 18 June and 18 August 2005, GridFTP usage packets were received from 428 unique hosts
in 30 countries. The breakdown of these hosts by top-level domain is shown in Table IV. Packets
received from hosts in the mcs.anl.gov and isi.edu domains are excluded because these domains are
used as GridFTP testbeds and produce a very large volume of packets. Out of the 428 hosts 22 hosts
were in the mcs.anl.gov and isi.edu domains, but these 22 hosts logged 38.1% of all usage packets
(626 086 packets out of 1 643 596). GridFTP usage packets outnumbered packets from all other Globus
components combined, and made up 72.33% of all packets received (see Table V).
5. CONCLUSION
Development of the Grid requires us to think at higher levels of abstraction compared to traditional
software development. For this purpose, a bird’s-eye view of activity is invaluable. A usage sensor
framework such as that introduced here may help advance the development of more sophisticated
Grid services. It may also help Grid users and administrators in evaluating a snapshot in time and in
identifying which Grid services are used. By presenting the information graphically through a portal,
we enable users and administrators to search for use patterns that otherwise would be more difficult
to find. This service distinguishes itself from other services such as MDS in that it reports on actual
resource usage instead of resource status.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, irrevocable
worldwide license in the said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and
perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. We acknowledge the many Globus
Toolkit developers who have provided customized protocols and handlers for the different Globus services reported
on in this paper. The GUSS project has been sponsored by the NSF NMI program.
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