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History of photography
• The word photography is derived from the
Greek words:
Photos=light
Graphein=writing , drawing
Photography is writing with light.
Definition
• Photography is the art to fix from the action
of the light, the image of an object onto a
sensitive surface (paper,
film/negative/pellicule, plate…)
• 1839, is the year of the invention of
photography.
• Photography is half art half science.
Camera obscura
• Since at least the time of Aristotle, it had
been known that the rays of light passing
through a pinhole would form an image.
• The 10th-century Arabian scholar Alhazen
described the effect in detail and told how
to view an eclipse of the sun in a camera
obscura (dark chamber) a darkened room
with a pinhole opening to the outside.
• By the time of the Renaissance, a lens had
been fitted into the hole to improve the
image, and the room-sized device had been
reduced to the size of a small box that could
be easily carried.
• The camera obscura became a drawing aid
that enabled an artist to trace an image
reflected onto a sheet of drawing paper.
Inventors of photography
• 1- Joseph Nicephore Niepce:(1765-1833)
• He was the first to fix the photographic
image (1826) using the camera obscura.
• He experimented with silver chloride,
which he knew darkened on exposure to
light, but then turned to bitumen of judea, a
kind of asphalt that hardened when exposed
to light.
• He coated a sheet of pewter, and placed it in a
camera obscura aimed through an open window at
his courtyard and exposed it for 8 hours.
• The exposure time was so long, that the sun
moved across the sky and illuminated both side of
the courtyard.
• He named the process heliography(from Greek
helios = sun, and graphos =drawing).
• After his death, Daguerre continued to experiment.
1826
• 2- Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre(1799-1851)
• Soon he had discovered a way of developing
photographic plates, a process which reduced the
exposure time from 8 hours down, to half an hour.
• His invention called Daguerreotype, was made on
a highly polished surface of silver that was plated
on a copper sheet and developed after exposed
with heated mercury.
• The daguerreotype was very popular in its
time.
• Each plate was unique and there was no
way of producing copies except by
rephotographing the original.
1840?
• 3- William Henry Fox Talbot(1800-1877).
• His first experiments had been with negative
silhouettes made by placing objects on sensitive
paper and exposing them to light.(photogramme).
• In 1840 Talbot announced a technique that
became the basis of modern photography.
• He called his invention a calotype( after the
Greek, kalos = beautiful, and typos = impression).
• An infinite number of positives could be
made from a single negative, which was to
provide the answer to the daguerreotype
problem.

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1. Presention history of photography.ppt

  • 2. • The word photography is derived from the Greek words: Photos=light Graphein=writing , drawing Photography is writing with light.
  • 3. Definition • Photography is the art to fix from the action of the light, the image of an object onto a sensitive surface (paper, film/negative/pellicule, plate…)
  • 4. • 1839, is the year of the invention of photography. • Photography is half art half science.
  • 5. Camera obscura • Since at least the time of Aristotle, it had been known that the rays of light passing through a pinhole would form an image. • The 10th-century Arabian scholar Alhazen described the effect in detail and told how to view an eclipse of the sun in a camera obscura (dark chamber) a darkened room with a pinhole opening to the outside.
  • 6. • By the time of the Renaissance, a lens had been fitted into the hole to improve the image, and the room-sized device had been reduced to the size of a small box that could be easily carried. • The camera obscura became a drawing aid that enabled an artist to trace an image reflected onto a sheet of drawing paper.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Inventors of photography • 1- Joseph Nicephore Niepce:(1765-1833) • He was the first to fix the photographic image (1826) using the camera obscura. • He experimented with silver chloride, which he knew darkened on exposure to light, but then turned to bitumen of judea, a kind of asphalt that hardened when exposed to light.
  • 10. • He coated a sheet of pewter, and placed it in a camera obscura aimed through an open window at his courtyard and exposed it for 8 hours. • The exposure time was so long, that the sun moved across the sky and illuminated both side of the courtyard. • He named the process heliography(from Greek helios = sun, and graphos =drawing). • After his death, Daguerre continued to experiment.
  • 11. 1826
  • 12. • 2- Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre(1799-1851) • Soon he had discovered a way of developing photographic plates, a process which reduced the exposure time from 8 hours down, to half an hour. • His invention called Daguerreotype, was made on a highly polished surface of silver that was plated on a copper sheet and developed after exposed with heated mercury.
  • 13. • The daguerreotype was very popular in its time. • Each plate was unique and there was no way of producing copies except by rephotographing the original.
  • 14. 1840?
  • 15. • 3- William Henry Fox Talbot(1800-1877). • His first experiments had been with negative silhouettes made by placing objects on sensitive paper and exposing them to light.(photogramme). • In 1840 Talbot announced a technique that became the basis of modern photography. • He called his invention a calotype( after the Greek, kalos = beautiful, and typos = impression).
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. • An infinite number of positives could be made from a single negative, which was to provide the answer to the daguerreotype problem.